Isango Elizenzakalelayo: Kuyini, lisebenza kanjani, nokuthi lingasethwa kanjani

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Isango Elizenzakalelayo: Kuyini, lisebenza kanjani, nokuthi lingasethwa kanjani

La isango elizenzakalelayo Kungomunye waleyo mibono yokuxhumana abantu abaye bezwa ngayo, kodwa abantu abaningi abawuqondi ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ukuphequlula i-inthanethi, ukufinyelela amanye amadivayisi, noma Lungiselela i-router yakho kahlei-PC yakho noma ngisho namadivayisi e-Internet of Things ezimbonini.

Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ngokuthula ukuthi yini Isango elizenzakalelayo: liyini nokuthi lilungiswa kanjani Ezimweni ezahlukahlukene: kusukela kunethiwekhi yasekhaya evamile ene-router enikezwa yi-ISP, kuya kuma-switch aphethwe noma abaguquli be-serial-to-Ethernet ezindaweni zezimboni. Uzobona izibonelo ezisebenzayo ezinamakheli e-IP angempela, sizophendula imibuzo evamile (njengokuthi kungani cishe njalo iphela ngo-.1), futhi sizobuyekeza ezinye izinkinga ezivamile nokuthi singazixazulula kanjani.

Iyini ngempela isango elizenzakalelayo?

Kumanethiwekhi e-IP, isango Yidivayisi esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwamanethiwekhi amabili ahlukene, yamukela amaphakethe bese iwathumela lapho eya khona. Isebenza njengomhumushi kanye nesithunywa, ixhumanisa inethiwekhi yakho yendawo namanethiwekhi amakhulu, ngokuvamile i-inthanethi.

Uma sikhuluma ngakho isango elizenzakalelayo Sibhekisela kudivayisi lapho ikhompyutha yakho, ifoni ephathekayo, iswishi, noma i-converter yezimboni ithumela khona yonke ithrafikhi eya kumakheli angaphandle kwenethiwekhi yayo yendawo. Kalula nje, "yindlela ezenzakalelayo" ethathwa yithrafikhi lapho idivayisi ingazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela ethile okufanele iyithumele kuyo.

Kunethiwekhi ye-IP, isango elizenzakalelayo cishe njalo liyi- ikheli le-router IP ngaphakathi kwe-subnet efanayo nedivayisi yakho. Uma i-PC yakho iku-192.168.1.50 ene-subnet mask engu-255.255.255.0, i-gateway ezenzakalelayo ivame ukuba yinto efana ne-192.168.1.1 noma i-192.168.1.254, ehambisana nekheli le-IP lendawo le-router.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela yokuthola ikheli le-IP le-router yakho bese ulilungiselela isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Lo mqondo usebenza kokubili kumanethiwekhi asekhaya alula kakhulu kanye naku ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi eyinkimbinkimbilapho isango ngokuvamile liyi-router ezinikele, i-firewall, noma imishini yesigaba sesi-3 ehamba phakathi kwama-VLAN amaningi noma ama-subnet.

Ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo, ikheli le-IP lomphakathi, kanye nendima yesango

Kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi esekelwe ku-IP, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi I-IP yangasese kanye ne-IP yomphakathiI-router esebenza njengesango ngokuvamile inamakheli e-IP okungenani amabili: elilodwa kunethiwekhi yendawo kanye nelinye "elingaphandle".

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-router ine- ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo Ukuze uziveze ngaphakathi kwe-LAN yakho (inethiwekhi yendawo). Yikheli le-IP elifana ne-192.168.xx, 10.xxx, noma 172.16.xx-172.31.xx. Lelo ikheli le-IP olisebenzisela ukufinyelela iphaneli yakho yokuphatha kusuka kukhompyutha yakho noma kudivayisi yakho yeselula.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqembu elifanayo line- ikheli le-IP lomphakathiIkheli lakho le-IP, elibonakala ku-inthanethi, yilona elivumela yonke inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ukuthi yazi ukuthi ingakufinyelela kanjani. Leli kheli le-IP livame ukunikezwa yi-Internet Service Provider yakho (ISP) nge-DHCP noma i-PPPoE, noma lingaba yi-static uma ubhalisela isevisi ye-IP engaguquki.

I-router inesibopho sokuhumusha nokuhambisa ithrafikhi phakathi kwamakheli e-IP angasese nawomphakathi isebenzisa amasu anjengokuthi I-NAT (Ukuhumusha Ikheli Lenethiwekhi)Kumadivayisi akho angaphakathi, yisango elizenzakalelayo, kanti ngaphandle, kumane nje kungenye ikheli le-IP ku-inthanethi elikhomba ukuxhumana kwakho.

Emakhaya nasemahhovisi amancane, le ndima ivame ukudlalwa yi ama-router ane-modem ehlanganisiwe (i-modem yekhebula, i-modem ye-DSL noma imishini yonke-in-one), exhumanisa inethiwekhi yakho yendawo (i-LAN) nenethiwekhi yomqhubi, futhi kusukela lapho, iye kwi-inthanethi (i-WAN).

Isibonelo esisebenzayo senethiwekhi yendawo enesango elizenzakalelayo

Ukuze ubone konke lokhu ngendlela eqondile, cabanga ngenethiwekhi elula equkethe i-router namadivayisi amaningana axhunywe kuyo, njengamakhompyutha namaphrinta. Zonke zifana. i-subnet 192.168.4.0/24.

Amakheli e-IP amadivayisi angaba, isibonelo: 192.168.4.3 (PC 1), 192.168.4.4 (PC 2), 192.168.4.5 (PC 3), 192.168.4.6 (PC 4), 192.168.4.7 (PC 5) kanye no-192.168.4.8 (PC 6). Ngayinye inekheli layo le-IP elihlukile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo, ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

I-router, kulokhu, ingaba neyodwa eyabelwe yona. Ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo ngaphakathi kwe-LAN, isibonelo 192.168.4.1Leli ikheli ozolilungisa njengesango elizenzakalelayo kudivayisi ngayinye kunethiwekhi. Lowo mshini ofanayo unekheli le-IP lomphakathi ku-interface yawo ye-WAN, elinikezwa yi-ISP yakho, okungadingeki ukuthi libe sebangeni le-192.168.4.x.

Imaski ye-subnet yawo wonke amadivayisi ingaba 255.255.255.0Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amakheli asebenzayo e-host asukela ku-192.168.4.1 kuya ku-192.168.4.254. Lawa amakheli angabelwa amakhompyutha; kuleyo nethiwekhi ethile, akufanele usebenzise i-192.168.4.0 noma i-192.168.4.255 kumadivayisi okugcina.

I-IP 192.168.4.0 kugcinelwe ukuhlonza inethiwekhi uqobo lwayo (ikheli lenethiwekhi) futhi u-192.168.4.255 ikheli lokusakaza noma ukusakazaLokhu kusetshenziswa lapho kuthunyelwa amaphakethe kuwo wonke amadivayisi aku-subnet ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yingakho uzohlala ubona la maphuzu amabili engafakiwe lapho unikeza ama-IP ngesandla.

Indlela ezenzakalelayo kanye nobudlelwano nesango

Isango elizenzakalelayo lihlobene eduze nomqondo oyisisekelo womzila: i umzila ozenzakalelayoLo mzila uwukufakwa okukhethekile kuthebula lomzila ledivayisi elibonisa ukuthi amaphakethe lapho indawo yawo ingahambisani nanoma yimuphi umzila othize kufanele athunyelwe khona.

Indlela ejwayelekile ezenzakalelayo iqukethe indawo oya kuyo 0.0.0.0imaski engu-0.0.0.0 kanye nekheli le-IP elilandelayo le-hop, okuyilona kanye isango elizenzakalelayo. Incazelo ka-0.0.0.0/0 “yinoma yiliphi ikheli le-IP elingakahlanganiswa neminye imizila”.

Cabanga ngethebula lokuqondisa njengohlu lwemithetho: uma ikheli le-IP lendawo lingaphakathi kwe-subnet yakho, ikhompyutha ithumela ithrafikhi ngqo kulowo msingathi. Uma kungekho mthetho ocacile wekheli le-IP okukhulunywa ngalo, ithebula lokuqondisa lisebenzisa indlela ehlukile. umzila ozenzakalelayookusho okuthile okufana nokuthi: "uma ungazi ukuthi uzoqala kuphi, thumela kule router."

Isibonelo, uma i-PC yakho ine-IP elungiselelwe njengesango layo elizenzakalelayo 172.31.48.1Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo umzila ongu-0.0.0.0/0 ngaleyo router njengomzila olandelayo. Yonke ithrafikhi eya kwi-inthanethi engeyona eye-LAN ngokwayo izodlula kulo mzila.

Kumadivayisi athuthukile kakhulu, njenge Amaswishi e-Layer 3 noma ama-router ochwephesheEsikhundleni sensimu elula yesango, umzila omile uhlelwa ngqo ngendawo oya kuyo engu-0.0.0.0, imaski engu-0.0.0.0, kanye ne-next hop efanele, kodwa umphumela wokugcina ufana ncamashi.

Isango elizenzakalelayo kuma-router asekhaya kanye ne-IP engaguquki

Ekufakweni kwekhaya, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-router ithole Ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi nge-PPPoE noma nge-DHCP evela ku-opharetha. Kulezi zimo, umane ufake igama lakho lomsebenzisi le-PPPoE kanye nephasiwedi (uma kudingeka), bese amapharamitha asele (i-WAN IP, i-subnet mask, i-ISP gateway, kanye ne-DNS) anikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngumhlinzeki.

Uma uqasha umuntu ikheli le-IP lomphakathi elingaguquki Nge-ISP yakho, isimo siyashintsha kancane. Ama-router amaningi akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe "i-Static IP" njengohlobo lokuxhumeka kwe-WAN, futhi lapho kufanele ufake ikheli le-IP ngesandla, i-subnet mask, i-gateway (ohlangothini lwe-ISP), kanye namaseva e-DNS. Uma la manani engalungile, uxhumano ngeke lusebenze.

Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu azame ukusebenzisa Ikheli le-IP lendawo le-router (isibonelo 192.168.1.1) njengesango ekucushweni kwe-WAN, okungalungile, isibonelo uma Xhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayoLelo kheli lisebenza njengesango lamadivayisi kunethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi, kodwa isango elicelwa yi-router ohlangothini lwe-WAN kumele kube yilelo i-ISP yakho elichazile kunethiwekhi yayo, ngokuvamile elisebangeni elifanayo ne-IP yakho yomphakathi.

Uma ufaka imaski engalungile (isibonelo, 255.255.255.0 ngoba nje i-IP yakho "ibukeka njenge-Class C") noma i-gateway engalungile, i-router ingabonisa imiyalezo yamaphutha njengokuthi ikheli le-IP kanye ne-gateway akuzona eze-subnet efanayo, noma imane yehluleke ukusungula iseshini.

Ezimweni zokungabaza kwalolu hlobo, inkomba kufanele ibe njalo Umsebenzisi we-inthanethi, njengoba yibona abaziyo i-topology yenethiwekhi yakho futhi kumele bakunikeze i-IP yomphakathi, imaski, isango le-WAN kanye, uma kusebenza, i-DNS ongayisebenzisa.

Isango elizenzakalelayo kumaswishi ahlakaniphile naphethwe

Amaswishi alawulwayo nawo avame ukudinga isango elizenzakalelayo ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza ezingaphandle kwe-subnet yabo, isibonelo ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi, kuseva yokuvuselela noma ohlelweni lokuphatha oluphakathi.

Endabeni yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amaswishi ahlakaniphile (Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-TP-Link lwe-T1500 kanye ne-T1500G), lawa madivayisi awenzi umzila we-IP othuthukisiwe. Adinga kuphela ikheli le-IP elizenzakalelayo lesango ukuthi licaciswe ukuze akwazi ukuthumela ithrafikhi yokuphatha ngaphandle.

Ku-interface yokuphatha iwebhu, uvame ukuya kokuthile okufana nokuthi "Ulwazi Lwesistimu > I-IP Yesistimu" bese ufaka ikheli le-IP le-router elinikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi, isibonelo 172.31.48.1Ukusebenzisa izinguquko ukuze iswishi yazi ukuthi kufanele ithumele kubani ithrafikhi engeyona eyendawo.

Esikhundleni salokho, i amaswishi aphethwe ngokugcwele noma angqimba 3 (Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-T1600G kanye ne-T2600G) ziyasekela umzila we-IP. Ngokuvamile azinawo inkambu elula "yesango elizenzakalelayo", kodwa kunalokho zilungiselela ngokusobala umzila ongaguquki ongu-0.0.0.0/0 nge-hop elandelayo ehambisanayo.

Ukucushwa okuvamile kungaba ukuya kumenyu efana nokuthi “IZICI ZEZINTO EZINGU-L3 > Umzila Ongaguquki > Umzila Ongaguquki we-IPv4”, dala okufakiwe nge indawo oya kuyo 0.0.0.0Imaski ye-subnet ingu-0.0.0.0, kanti ikheli elilandelayo le-hop ikheli le-IP le-router exhuma kwi-inthanethi. Uma isilondoloziwe, iswishi izothumela yonke ithrafikhi lapho indawo yayo ingeyona eyanoma yimuphi omunye umzila wangaphakathi oya kulelo kheli.

Kubalulekile ukungakhohlwa ukuthi kula maqembu amaningi kuyadingeka gcina izilungiselelo usebenzisa ngesandla izinketho ezifana nokuthi “Londoloza” ku-web interface noma usebenzisa imiyalo efana nokuthi “copy running-config startup-config” ku-CLI, noma isango lizolahleka uma idivayisi ivaliwe.

Isango elizenzakalelayo kubaguquli be-serial-to-Ethernet (IIoT)

Ezindaweni ze-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), abaguquli be-serial-to-Ethernet Zivumela ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yakudala namachweba e-RS-232/485 kumanethiwekhi e-IP anamuhla. Lawa madivayisi asebenza njengabahumushi phakathi kwezwe elilandelanayo nele-Ethernet.

I-converter ixhuma kumishini yendabuko nge-port yayo yochungechunge kolunye uhlangothi kanye nenethiwekhi ye-IP kolunye. Ithatha idatha etholwe nge-port yochungechunge, iyihlanganise kumaphakethe e-IP, bese iyithumela ngenethiwekhi. Ukuze ixhumane namadivayisi angaphandle kwe-subnet yayo, idinga ukuba nenethiwekhi yayo ehlelwe kahle. isango elizenzakalelayo.

Ukusebenza kufana nokwe-PC: lapho i-converter ifuna ukufinyelela indawo engaphandle kwenethiwekhi yayo, idlulisela leyo thrafikhi ekhelini le-IP elilungiselelwe njengesango layo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuzoba ikheli le-router noma i-Layer 3 switch enamakhono okudlulisela kwamanye amanethiwekhi.

Ukucushwa kwesango kula madivayisi kuvame ukwenziwa kusukela ku- iphaneli yokuphatha iwebhu noma ithuluzi lokuphathalapho ufaka khona: ikheli le-IP lesiguquli, imaski ye-subnet, kanye nesango elizenzakalelayo. Umphathi wenethiwekhi unikeza la manani ngokuya nge-topology yesistimu iyonke.

Uma isango lingalungiselelwanga kahle (isibonelo, ikheli le-IP elingaphandle kwe-subnet yesiguquli noma ikheli elingekho), idivayisi ingase isakwazi ukuxhumana nababungazi kunethiwekhi yayo yendawo efanayo, kodwa Ukuxhumana namanethiwekhi akude kuzohlulekaokubangela ukungasebenzi kwedatha noma ukungakwazi ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zokuqapha zangaphandle.

Abanye abaguquli besimanje bayasekela ngisho ukucushwa kwesango elinamandlaLokhu kubavumela ukuthi balungise ngokuzenzakalelayo le pharamitha lapho izici ezithile zenethiwekhi zishintsha, okuwusizo ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu nokushintshashintshayo.

Indlela yokuthola isango lakho elizenzakalelayo kanye nekheli lakho le-IP eliyimfihlo

Kuwusizo kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungazithola kanjani zombili ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo lekhompyutha yakho njengesango elizenzakalelayo le-router, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukuvula ama-port, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuxhumeka, noma ukufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router.

Uma uxhuma kwi-inthanethi usekhaya noma ehhovisi, i-router yakho ikunikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo usebenzisa i-DHCP. Leli kheli le-IP lizohluka kudivayisi ngayinye exhunywe kunethiwekhi efanayo, ngakho-ke i-router ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo futhi iphathe ithrafikhi yazo ngayinye.

Ikheli lakho le-IP eliyimfihlo alifani nekheli lakho le-IP. ikheli le-IP lomphakathiIkheli le-IP lomphakathi yilokho okubonwa yizwe langaphandle uma uvakashela amawebhusayithi, kuyilapho ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo libaluleke kuphela kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo. Ngemisebenzi yokucushwa, ngokuvamile uzoba nesithakazelo ekhelini le-IP eliyimfihlo, futhi okwesibili, ikheli le-IP lesango.

Ukuthola lolu lwazi kuncike ohlelweni lokusebenza, kodwa kuzo zonke izimo luvame ukufakwa ohlwini kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ngokuthi "Isango Elizenzakalelayo," "I-Router," noma "Isango Elizenzakalelayo." Uma usunalo, ungalufaka kusiphequluli sakho ukuze ufinyelele ku- iphaneli yomlawuli we-router (uma nje unegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, vele).

Kumadivayisi eselula, kokubili i-iOS ne-Android, inani lesango livame ukuvela emininingwaneni yenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi oxhumeke kuyo, kanye ne-IP yakho yangaphakathi, imaski, kanye ne-DNS oyinikeziwe.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zesango kanye nendlela yokubhekana nazo

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nesango ukuthi imishini Ayikwazi ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi. Naphezu kokubonakala sengathi ixhunywe kunethiwekhi yendawo, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokulungiselelwa okungalungile ngesandla, abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi, noma ukungqubuzana kwenethiwekhi.

Endaweni ye-Windows, enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele uzihlole ukucushwa kwe- I-Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP / IPv4)Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinketho ezithi "Thola ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo" kanye nethi "Thola ikheli leseva le-DNS ngokuzenzakalelayo" ziyasebenza kuzovumela i-router ukuthi inikeze ikheli le-IP kanye nesango kusetshenziswa i-DHCP.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthi i-IPv6 ibangele izingxabano kumanethiwekhi angayisebenzisi kahle. Ukukhubaza okwesikhashana i-IPv6 I-TCP / IPv6 Ezimpahleni ze-adaptha yenethiwekhi, ukugcina i-IPv4 kuphela, kungasiza ekuqedeni izinkinga.

Elinye isu elijwayelekile ku-Windows ukusebenzisa umyalo we-command njengomlawuli bese usebenzisa imiyalo efana ipconfig / ukukhululwa Ukuze ukhulule ikheli le-IP lamanje, sebenzisa i-ipconfig /flushdns ukusula i-DNS cache kanye ne-ipconfig /registerdns ukuyibhalisa futhi, bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha.

Uma inkinga iqhubeka ngemva kwakho konke lokho, kungumqondo omuhle ukufaka kabusha noma ukuvuselela abashayeli bamakhadi enethiwekhi (kokubili okunezintambo kanye ne-Wi-Fi) kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi we-PC noma umenzi wekhadi uqobo. Umshayeli owonakele noma ophelelwe yisikhathi angabangela ukuthi isango lingasabeli noma ahluleke ngisho nokunikeza ikheli le-IP elifanele.

Kwezinye izimo, inkinga iphakama ngoba idivayisi igcina amanethiwekhi amaningi e-Wi-Fi agciniwe futhi ihlangabezana nokungqubuzana lapho izama ukuxhuma. Ukususa amanethiwekhi amadala "ku-Network and Sharing Center" nokuxhuma kabusha kunethiwekhi efanele kusukela ekuqaleni kuvame ukuyivimbela ekuxhumekeni kunethiwekhi engalungile noma engalungiselelwe kahle.

Ukukhetha i-IP yesango: .1 noma .254?

Umbuzo ovame kakhulu lapho kuklanywa inethiwekhi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isizathu esizwakalayo salokhu isango liphelela ku-.1 (isibonelo 192.168.1.1) noma ku-.254 (192.168.1.254) ku-subnet engu-/24. Empeleni, uma nje i-IP ingeyase-subnet futhi ingagodliwe, zombili izinketho ziyasebenza.

Izinhlangano eziningi zikhetha ukubhukha ikheli lokuqala elitholakalayo (xxx1) ye-router eyinhloko noma i-firewall, ngokwenqubo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukukhumbula. Kulula ukukhumbula ukuthi "i-router ingu-.1" futhi igwema ukudideka neminye imishini.

Nokho, abanye bakhetha ukusebenzisa i-IP yokugcina esebenzisekayo (xxx254) yesango, okushiya isikhala ekuqaleni kwe-subnet yamaseva, imishini yenethiwekhi, noma amadivayisi abalulekile ofuna ukuwafaka izinombolo ngendlela ehlelekile (isb., 192.168.1.10 yeseva A, 192.168.1.20 yeseva B, njalo njalo).

Akukho mthetho ophoqelekile ezindinganisweni odinga ukusebenzisa eyodwa noma enye; kufana kakhulu indaba yesitayela kanye nokuhleleka kwangaphakathiAmanethiwekhi ezemfundo avame ukufundisa ukuthi kokubili kunembile ngokuphelele, nokuthi isihluthulelo siwukuba njalo futhi sibhale phansi ukukhetha.

Ezindaweni ezinkulu zezinkampani, izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela nakho kudlala indima: izikripthi, amathempulethi okucushwa, noma izinhlelo zokuphatha ezicabanga ukuthi isango lizoba ikheli le-IP lokuqala noma lokugcina ebangeni. Into ebalulekile ukungahlanganisi izindlela ngokungakhethi, ngoba lokho kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukugcinwa.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinkinga zesango nezinkinga ze-Wi-Fi

Kulula ukudida izehlakalo ze- ukuxhumana okungenantambo ngezinkinga zesango ezizenzakalelayo, kanti empeleni azihlobene ngqo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi i-PC ixhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo "kunethiwekhi yokuqala" eyibonayo (mhlawumbe inethiwekhi endala, enokhiye noma ukucushwa okuhlukile), bese umsebenzisi ecabanga ukuthi isango yilona elibangela lokho.

Ngaphambi kokusola i-router, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukuthi iyiphi inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi esetshenziswa yidivayisi, uhlobo lwayo lokubethela (isb., i-WEP, i-WPA2, noma i-WPA3), nokuthi ngabe leyo nethiwekhi inakho yini ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Kunezimo lapho uxhuma khona kunethiwekhi enikeza ukufinyelela kwendawo kuphela kodwa hhayi ukuxhumana kwe-WAN, noma lapho Isiphindaphindi se-Wi-Fi ilungiselelwe ngendlela engafanele.

Izinhlelo eziningi zinohlu lwamanethiwekhi aziwayo lapho ungawasebenzisa khona susa ukuxhumana okulondoloziwe ezingasasetshenziswa. Ukuzisusa nokuxhuma kabusha kunethiwekhi efanele, ukufaka iphasiwedi efanele, kuvame ukuvimbela ikhompyutha ekukhetheni ngokuzenzakalelayo inketho engalungile.

Esinye isici okufanele siqashwe ukuthi ngabe i-adaptha ilungiselelwe yini ukuthola ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma uma othile, esikhathini esidlule, eyishiye ilungiselelwe. ikheli le-IP eliqinile kanye nesango lokho akusafani nenethiwekhi yamanje. Uma inethiwekhi yakho manje isebenzisa i-192.168.1.x futhi idivayisi isasebenzisa into efana ne-192.168.0.x, isibonelo, ngeke kube khona indlela yokuthi ibone i-router efanele.

Uma uhlu lwenethiwekhi selusuliwe, izilungiselelo ze-TCP/IPv4 zisethwa kabusha zibe okuzenzakalelayo, futhi i-Wi-Fi esebenzayo iqinisekiswa ukuthi iyona efanele, izinkinga zangempela zesango ziyancipha kakhulu, futhi kuba lula ukuthola ukuthi ngabe i-router noma umhlinzeki unenkinga.

Njengoba ubonile, isango elizenzakalelayo lisekela ithrafikhi Lokhu kubhekisela ekuxhumekeni okushiya inethiwekhi yakho yendawo bese uphuma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekhaya nge-router elula, ebhizinisini elinamaswishi aphethwe kanye nemizila engaguquki, noma ezindaweni zezimboni ezineziguquli ze-serial-to-Ethernet. Ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini, ukuthi kuhlobana kanjani nomzila ozenzakalelayo, ukuthi ungawuthola kanjani emishinini yakho, nokuthi yimaphi amaphutha ajwayelekile okucushwa enziwayo kuzokunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu lapho usetha amanethiwekhi, uvula amachweba, noma uxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kokuhlanya.