Ukuqhathanisa i-ZFS vs Btrfs vs EXT4 kumaseva e-NAS ne-Linux

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukuqhathanisa i-ZFS vs Btrfs vs EXT4 kumaseva e-NAS ne-Linux

Uma unenkinga yokukhetha phakathi kwe -ZFS, i-Btrfs, noma i-EXT4 yeseva yakho ye-NAS noma ye-Linux , awuwedwa. Uma uqala ukubuka, zibonakala zifana kakhulu (izifinyezo, i-RAID, ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha, njll.), kodwa uma ujula kancane, uzobona ukuthi ngayinye yadalwa ngezinhloso ezahlukene, inamandla acacile kakhulu, kanye nokushintshana okubalulekile okudingeka ukuqaphele ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufometha amadiski.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzothola ukuqhathanisa okujulile phakathi kwe-ZFS, i-Btrfs kanye ne-EXT4 , okuchaza konke kusukela kulokho uhlelo lwefayela oluyikho nokuthi ludlala yiphi indima ku-NAS, kuya ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwangempela, imikhawulo yamandla, ukusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo kuye ngokuthi usetha i-NAS yasekhaya, iseva yebhizinisi elincane noma indawo engathi sína kakhulu enezidingo eziphezulu zokutholakala.

Iyini uhlelo lwefayela futhi kungani lubaluleke kangaka ku-NAS?

Uhlelo lwefayela empeleni luyindlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlela ngayo, lugcine, futhi luthole idatha kuma-hard drive, ama-SSD, kanye nama-drive angaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalolu sethi lwemithetho nezakhiwo, uhlelo beluzobona kuphela izintambo zama-zero kanye nama-one ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ifayela liqala kuphi, liphelela kuphi, noma ukuthi linaziphi izimvume.

Imisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo ihlanganisa ukwabela amabhlogo esikhala kufayela ngalinye, ukuphatha isikhala samahhala, nokuhlela iziqondisi ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwedatha okusheshayo nokuthembekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwefayela lulawula imethadatha (usayizi, izinsuku, umnikazi), izimvume kanye nohlu lokulawula ukufinyelela (ama-ACL), izindlela zokulwa nokuqhekeka, ukubhala phansi, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izinketho ezifana nezilinganiso zediski ngomsebenzisi noma iqembu ngalinye.

Ingcezu ngayinye yedatha igcinwa kumabhulokhi noma imikhakha ebonakalayo enekheli elithile , futhi ithebula lokuhlukanisa lichaza isakhiwo esinengqondo saleso sitoreji. Usayizi omkhulu ongaphathwa uncike "kububanzi begama" elisetshenziswa uhlelo lwefayela: amabhithi amaningi okubhekana nememori aholela kuvolumu enkulu kanye nomthamo wefayela.

Uma sikhuluma nge-NAS, konke lokhu kuba kubaluleke nakakhulu ngoba uhlelo lwefayela lunquma umthamo omkhulu, ukuzinza, isivinini sangempela, kanye nezici ezithuthukisiwe zomshini: izithombe, ubuqotho bedatha, i-RAID, ukukopisha, ukucindezelwa, ukudluliselwa, njll. Yilapho abadlali abakhulu emhlabeni we-Linux kanye namaseva e-NAS beqala khona ukusebenza: i-EXT4, i-Btrfs, kanye ne-ZFS.

I-EXT4: isosha elinamandla lokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye ne-NAS yasekhaya

I-EXT4 (i-Fourth Extended Filesystem) iyindinganiso efanelekile kakhulu ekusakazweni kwe-Linux okunenhloso ejwayelekile. Yaqala njengokuguquka okuqondile kwe-EXT3 ngenhloso yokunikeza amandla amakhulu, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka, ngenkathi igcina ukuthembeka okwakwenza ithandwe kangaka kumaseva nakuma-desktop.

Luhlelo lwamafayela olusebenza ephephabhukwini : lugcina irekhodi lezinguquko zokubhala ezilindile ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokonakala uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela noma ukuphahlazeka okungazelelwe. Alufinyeleli ezingeni lokuvikelwa kwe-Btrfs noma i-ZFS ngokukopisha (CoW), kodwa ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile luqinile impela.

Izici ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi imikhawulo yayo yethiyori: amavolumu afinyelela ku-1 EiB kanye namafayela afinyelela ku-16 TiB uma usebenzisa amabhulokhi angu-4K, amafayela afinyelela ku-4.000 billion, kanye namagama efayela afinyelela ku-255 bytes. Lokhu kuyenza yanele iningi labasebenzisi basekhaya kanye namabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi.

I-EXT4 ifaka amasu okunciphisa ukuqhekeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza , njengezandiso (ukuqoqa amabhlogo ahambisanayo), i-allocate-on-flush (enquma ukuthi yimaphi amabhlogo okufanele uwasebenzise ngaphambi nje kokubhala), kanye nekhono lokubhukha isikhala esihambisanayo samafayela ngaphandle kokusigcwalisa ngo-zero. Iphinde ivumele ukuqhekeka kwe-inthanethi ngaphandle kokwehlisa ivolumu, yize uhlelo lwehla ngesikhathi senqubo.

Enye inzuzo ewusizo ukuhambisana kwayo okungemuva : kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-EXT3 lube yi-EXT4 ngenkathi kugcinwa isakhiwo esikhona ukuze bobabili basiqonde. Kodwa-ke, uma sesakhiwe njenge-EXT4, awukwazi ukubuyela emuva ku-EXT3. Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, isekela ukubethela kwedatha okusobala, ukubhala phansi, kanye nama-ACL ajwayelekile e-Linux.

Ezweni le-NAS, abakhiqizi abaningi (i-QNAP, i-Synology, i-Asustor kumamodeli amaningi) bayaqhubeka nokukhetha i-EXT4 njengokukhetha okuzenzakalelayo emishinini esezingeni eliphansi neliphakathi , lapho umgomo uwukuzinza, ukuhambisana kanye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu ngezinsizakusebenza ze-CPU ne-RAM ezilinganiselwe.

Ama-Btrfs: umlandeli wesimanje onezithombe ezimfushane, i-CoW, kanye ne-RAID ehlanganisiwe

I-Btrfs (i-B-tree File System) yaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni njenge- "elandela ngokwemvelo" i-EXT4 ku-Linux . Yasungulwa ngo-2007 yi-Oracle ngezinhloso ezinkulu: ukunqoba imikhawulo yamandla nokusebenza kwe-EXT4 nokwethula ku-Linux, ngokuzenzakalelayo, konke okwakubonwa kuphela ezixazululweni eziphezulu, njengezithombe, i-CoW, i-RAID ethuthukisiwe, kanye nokuphathwa kwevolumu okuhlanganisiwe.

Ngokuphathelene nemikhawulo, i-Btrfs ilingana ne-ZFS: ivolumu ephezulu kanye nosayizi wamafayela afinyelela ku-16 EiB , inani eliphezulu lamafayela afinyelela cishe ku-18 trillion, kanye namagama wamafayela angama-byte angu-255. Empeleni, uhlelo olungenamingcele cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimanje.

Isici sayo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isebenza ngokuphelele nge-copy-on-write kokubili idatha kanye ne-metadata. Noma nini lapho okuthile kuguqulwa, idatha yangaphambilini ayibhalwa ngaphezulu; esikhundleni salokho, ikhophi entsha ibhalwa endaweni ehlukile, bese i-pointer ibuyekezwa. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe ezicishe zivele ngokushesha futhi kuvimbela izinhlobo eziningi zokonakala buthule ngoba inguqulo ehambisanayo ihlala igcinwa kuze kube yilapho ushintsho lwenziwa.

I-Btrfs ikuvumela ukuthi udale ama-snapshots okufunda nokubhala , kanye nama-snapshots ama-snapshots, futhi uwaphathe ngendlela eguquguqukayo usebenzisa ama-subvolumes. Iphinde ifake phakathi i-RAID yezinga lesistimu yamafayela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi (i-RAID 0, 1, 10, kanye namazinga angu-5/6, okugcina kusabhekwa njengokubucayi kwezinye izindawo), amasu okulinganisa nokushaya, kanye nokwabiwa kwe-inode okuguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokucacisa inani eliphezulu lamafayela lapho kudalwa uhlelo.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukucindezela okucacile okungaphakathi (kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms afana ne-zlib, i-LZO, noma i-Zstd), okusiza ukonga isikhala futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokufunda/ukubhala ngokunciphisa ivolumu yedatha ebonakalayo. Iphinde isekele ukudluliselwa (ngokuvamile ngamathuluzi angaphandle), ukuklwebha ukuqinisekisa nokulungisa idatha ngokuqhathanisa ama-checksum, kanye nemodi eyenziwe ngcono ye-SSD.

Konke lokho okukhazimulayo akulona igolide. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EXT4, ama-Btrf ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-CPU nememori eningi , futhi ezivivinyweni eziningi, inikeza ukusebenza okuphansi kokufunda nokubhala okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zehadiwe. Izindleko ze-CoW logic, ama-checksum, nezici ezithuthukisiwe ziza ngentengo ngokwezinsizakusebenza, into okufanele icatshangelwe kumadivayisi e-NAS aphansi.

Kuhlelo lwe-NAS, i-Btrfs isibe yindlela enkulu yokubheja kwe-Synology kanye nezixazululo eziningi ezigxile ebhizinisini , ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezithombe zayo ezihlanganisiwe, inketho yokuphindaphinda okuqhubekayo (ukuthumela/ukwamukela), ukwenza izipele njalo, kanye nokulula kwayo ukubuyisela izinguquko ezingafanele ngemizuzwana embalwa.

I-ZFS: "ithangi" lobuqotho bedatha, ukukhuliswa, kanye nezindawo ezidinga kakhulu

I-ZFS (Zettabyte File System) yasungulwa eSun Microsystems yeSolaris futhi yakhululwa ngo-2005 njengengxenye ye-OpenSolaris. Namuhla, isatshalaliswa kakhulu nge- OpenZFS futhi idluliselwe ku-FreeBSD, Linux, nakwezinye izinhlelo. Ingenye yezinhlelo zamafayela ezithuthuke kakhulu ezitholakalayo ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Unix.

Esinye sezici zayo ezibalulekile ukuthi ihlanganisa umphathi wevolumu kanye nohlelo lwamafayela kube ungqimba olulodwa . Esikhundleni sokufaka uhlelo lwamafayela phezu kwediski yangaphandle noma i-RAID array, i-ZFS idala amachibi okugcina (ama-zpool) akhiwe ngamadivayisi abonakalayo (ama-vdev). Amasethi edatha (izinhlelo zamafayela) kanye nama-zvols (amadivayisi avinjiwe) achazwa phezulu kwaleli chibi, wonke ahlanganiswe futhi aphathwa ngamathuluzi afanayo.

Ngokuphathelene nomthamo, i-ZFS isebenzisa ikheli le-128-bit, elihumusha amavolumu namafayela afinyelela ku-16 EiB , amagama wamafayela afinyelela ku-255 bytes, kanye nenani eliphezulu lamafayela amakhulu ezigidigidi. Luhlelo oluklanyelwe ukukhuliswa kalula kuze kube amazinga amakhulu okugcina.

Njenge-Btrfs, i-ZFS isebenza ngesimiso sokukopisha-ngokubhala ngama-checksum kubhulokhi ngayinye . Ngaphambi kokubhala, ibala i-checksum (ngokuvamile ama-bits angu-256) ehlolwa kukho konke okufundwayo. Uma ithola ukonakala kanye nokuphindaphindeka okukhona (isibonelo, ku-RAID-Z noma ekubukeni ngezibuko), ingayilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokusobala, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-data self-healing.

Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemodeli ye-CoW ekubhaleni okuhambisanayo (isb., izizindalwazi), i-ZFS isebenzisa i- ZFS Intent Log (ZIL) , engahlala kuma-SSD asheshayo ukusheshisa imisebenzi ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifaka i-read caching ku-RAM (ARC) kanye naku-SSD (L2ARC), okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodwa futhi kwandisa izidingo ze-RAM.

Inkinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: I-ZFS yenzelwe imishini ene-RAM eyanele (i-16 GB iyindawo yokuqala efanelekile) kanye ne-CPU enhle. Ukwehliswa kwe-database, ikakhulukazi, kungandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwememori, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyivula kuphela uma ukonga isikhala kuvunyelwe ngempela.

Ngasohlangothini lokuphatha, i-ZFS yethula ama-RAID-Z array adumile (RAID-Z1, RAID-Z2, RAID-Z3) , aklanyelwe ukugwema izinkinga ezivamile ze-RAID 5/6 njenge-"write hole," futhi inikeza inhlanganisela ye-RAID elula, ebonisiwe, nethuthukisiwe. Ivumela ukwanda komthamo ngokungeza amadivayisi amasha echibini kanye nokusetshenziswa okusheshayo, okuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu kune-RAID array yendabuko.

Phakathi kwezici zayo ezithuthukisiwe kukhona izithombe ezisheshayo, ama-clone alula, ukucindezela okusobala, ukudluliselwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nezilinganiso ezi-granular kakhulu ngesethi yedatha noma umsebenzisi. Izithombe zingabalelwa kuma-trillion futhi zakhiwe cishe ngokushesha, njengoba izinkomba zamabhulokhi akhona kuphela ezigcinwayo.

Okubi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: I-ZFS yenzelwe imishini ene -RAM eyanele (i-16 GB iyindawo yokuqala enengqondo, nokuningi uma i-deduplication ivuliwe) kanye ne-CPU enhle. I-Deduplication, ikakhulukazi, ingakhulisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwememori, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyivumela kuphela uma ukonga isikhala kuvunyelwe ngempela.

Abakhiqizi abanjengoQNAP babheja ku-ZFS kuma -NA abo aphezulu ngesistimu yeqhawe le-QuTS , lapho amakhono ayo esetshenziswa khona ngokugcwele: i-RAID-Z, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho okuqhubekayo, ukucindezelwa, izithombe ezinkulu, kanye nekhono lokuphatha konke kusuka ku-interface yesithombe esebenziseka kalula yabasebenzisi abathuthukile.

Ezinye izinhlelo zamafayela ezivamile: i-NTFS, i-FAT32, i-exFAT, kanye ne-XFS

Nakuba sigxila lapha ku-ZFS, Btrfs, kanye ne-EXT4 ezindaweni zeseva neze-NAS, ezinye izinhlelo zamafayela ezinokusetshenziswa okukhethekile nazo ziyavela emisebenzini yansuku zonke . Ukuziqonda kusiza ukugwema ukuxuba imiqondo lapho kuxhuma amadiski phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

I-NTFS (Uhlelo Lwefayela Lobuchwepheshe Obusha) ibilokhu iyisistimu yamafayela ezenzakalelayo ye-Windows amashumi eminyaka. Isekela amafayela amakhulu kakhulu, izimvume ezithuthukisiwe, ukubhala ama-journaling, nezinye izici eziningi, kodwa ukuhambisana kwayo ngaphandle kwe-Windows kunqunyelwe : i-macOS iyifaka njengokufundwayo kuphela ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi yize i-Linux iyisekela kahle, akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yama-drive azokwabelwana ngawo phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-consoles egeyimu.

I-FAT32 iyifomethi yakudala, ehambisana kakhulu, ilungele amadrayivu e-USB angabizi, izidlali zemidiya, namadivayisi amadala. Inkinga yayo enkulu umkhawulo wosayizi wefayela ongu-4GB , okwenza ingafaneleki kuma-backups anamuhla, izithombe zediski, noma amavidiyo asezingeni eliphezulu. Noma kunjalo, isasebenza ngoba cishe wonke amadivayisi emhlabeni angayifunda.

Ifomethi ye-FAT ecacile indala kakhulu futhi ilinganiselwe, ayinawo amaphutha amaningi, ayinazo izimvume zokuphepha, futhi yenzelwe amandla amancane (amashumi e-GB). Kodwa-ke, isahambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo ezindala kanye namadivayisi athile afakiwe, yize empeleni ingasetshenziswa kakhulu kunoma yini engathi sína kulezi zinsuku.

I-exFAT yadalwa njengelandela i-FAT32 yemidiya esuswayo, okususa umkhawulo wosayizi wefayela ongu-4GB. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhadi e-SD, ama-USB flash drive, kanye nama-hard drive angaphandle asetshenziswa ku-Windows naku-macOS. Nakuba isivele inokusekelwa okuqinile ku-Linux, ayifaki izici ezifana nama-snapshots noma i-journaling eqinile, ngakho akuyona inketho efanelekile yamadivayisi e-NAS.

Okokugcina, i-XFS iyisistimu yamafayela esebenza kahle kakhulu eyenzelwe amafayela amakhulu kakhulu , esetshenziswa kabanzi kumaseva e-Linux aphezulu kanye nezizindalwazi ezinkulu. Inikeza ukubhala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuhambisanayo, kodwa ayinazo izithombe zomdabu kanye nokucindezelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke ivame ukuncintisana kakhulu ne-EXT4 ezimweni ezithile kune-ZFS noma i-Btrfs.

Ukuqhathanisa kwe-ZFS vs Btrfs vs EXT4: amakhono, imisebenzi kanye nemikhawulo

Uma siqhathanisa i-ZFS, i-Btrfs, kanye ne-EXT4 eceleni, kuvela umehluko obalulekile obalulekile kumthamo omkhulu, izici ezithuthukisiwe, kanye namazinga okuvikela idatha . Ngokuphathelene nemikhawulo yethiyori, zombili i-ZFS kanye ne-Btrfs zisesigabeni esifanayo ku-16 EiB yevolumu kanye ne-16 TiB ngefayela, kuyilapho i-EXT4 ikhawulelwe ku-1 EiB yevolumu kanye ne-16 TiB ngefayela (enezithiyo ezingu-4K).

Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wamafayela, i-Btrfs kanye ne-ZFS zisekela inani lezinkanyezi (ama-trillion uma kukhulunywa nge-Btrfs kanye nama-2 ^⁴⁸ ku-ZFS), kuyilapho i-EXT4 isebenza ngokulandelana kwezigidigidi zama-inode atholakalayo . Bonke abathathu babelana ngomkhawulo wegama lefayela elingama-byte angu-255, okwanele cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo.

Ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kubonakala ezicini ezithuthukisiwe . I-ZFS ne-Btrfs zinikeza izithombe ezikopishiwe, ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukucindezela okusobala, kanye nokunciphisa (okuvela ku-ZFS, okutholakala ngamathuluzi ku-Btrfs). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-EXT4 ayihlanganisi i-CoW, ayinazo izithombe ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, futhi ayinazo izithombe ezicindezelwe kanye nokunciphisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ngokuphathelene nokubethela , i-ZFS isebenzisa ukubethela kwezinga ledatha ngokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ejulile. Kuye ngokucushwa, ama-Btrf angathembela ezindleleni zangaphandle ezifana ne-LUKS ukuze abethele idivayisi, futhi i-EXT4 ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-LUKS noma ezinye izendlalelo zokubethela ukuvikela lonke ivolumu.

Uma ubheka izithombe, i-ZFS isekela inombolo ephezulu kakhulu (ngokulandelana okungu-2 ^⁴⁸ ), i-Btrfs ivumela nobuningi obukhulu, kanti i-EXT4 ayiziphathi ngendlela yemvelo . Lokhu kwenza i-ZFS ne-Btrfs zivelele ngamasu okusekela njalo, ukululama okusheshayo emaphutheni omuntu, kanye nokuphindaphindwa phakathi kwamaseva.

Ngomqondo, i-ZFS iyisisombululo esihlanganisiwe nesihambisanayo kunazo zonke : ivolumu + uhlelo lwefayela + i-RAID + ukuphathwa kwe-quota kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo. I-Btrfs ihlanganisa futhi izendlalelo eziningi (uhlelo lwefayela kanye ne-RAID, amavolumu amancane, ukulethwa kwesithombe), kodwa ngokuvamile incike kumathuluzi angaphandle okubethela noma eminye imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe. I-EXT4, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-LVM, i-mdadm, nezinye izingxenye ukwakha izixazululo eziphelele.

Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: yisiphi isimo lapho ngayinye isebenza kahle khona?

Iphuzu elilodwa elingakhulunywa kakhulu emcabangweni kodwa eliphawuleka kakhulu ekusebenzeni ukusebenza kwangempela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza . Ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuqhathanisa (isibonelo, lokho okwenziwe yiPhoronix) kubonisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kwasezimweni ezithile kakhulu, i-EXT4 ivame ukuba uhlelo lwefayela olushesha kakhulu lwemisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala elandelanayo nengahleliwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zehadiwe.

Sekukonke, i-EXT4 inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-CPU ne-RAM , okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kwi-NAS yasekhaya kanye namabhizinisi amancane lapho into ebalulekile ukuhambisa idatha ngokushesha nangokulula, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezithombe ezinamandla noma ukudluliselwa kwedatha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ZFS ivame ukuba yi-slow kakhulu kuma-benchmark e-I/O ahlanzekile , ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ukucushwa okulinganayo nezinye izinhlelo kuhadiwe efanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imodeli yayo ye-CoW, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum, ukucindezelwa, ukuphathwa kwe-pool, kanye nemisebenzi yobuqotho idla isikhathi se-CPU kanye nememori, into ekhokhelwa ezindaweni lapho okubaluleke kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwedatha.

Ama-Btrf ngokuvamile awela endaweni ethile phakathi nendawo: awasheshi njenge-EXT4 ngqo , kodwa awadingi kakhulu ihadiwe njenge-ZFS. Emisebenzini eminingi esebenzisa ama-SSD kanye nama-RAID agcwele yonke i-flash, anganikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokusebenza nezici ezithuthukisiwe, yize ukuziphatha kwawo kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngenguqulo ye-kernel kanye nokucushwa okuthile.

Uma i-NAS noma iseva yakho isezingeni eliphansi noma eliphakathi, ine-RAM elinganiselwe kanye neprosesa encane, i-EXT4 ivame ukuba yisinqumo esinengqondo kakhulu . Emishinini enamandla kakhulu, i-Btrfs iyindlela enhle yokuzuza kuma-snapshots, ukucindezelwa, kanye ne-RAID ehlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwezidingo ze-ZFS. Futhi uma unomshini onamandla one-RAM eningi futhi udinga ubuqotho bedatha obukhulu kanye nokuziphilisa, i-ZFS iba yinkanyezi.

Amacala okusetshenziswa anconyiwe: I-Home NAS, ama-SME, kanye nezindawo zebhizinisi

Ngemva kokucabangela yonke le mbono, umbuzo wangempela uwukuthi: yiluphi uhlelo lwefayela okufanele ngilukhethele icala lami elithile? I-NAS yama-movie nama-backups omndeni ayifani nendawo ebalulekile yedathabheyisi noma iseva ye-virtualization enemishini eminingi.

Ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, amahhovisi asekhaya, kanye nezindawo ezincane zamahhovisi (i-SOHO) , i-EXT4 ngokuvamile iyindlela elinganiselayo kakhulu. Ihlolwe kahle, isekelwa yizo zonke izinsiza ngaphandle kwenkinga, inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, futhi ayidingi ihadiwe ekhethekile. Uma ufuna ukwabelana ngamafayela, wenze amakhophi agciniwe, futhi usethe i-RAID array eyodwa noma ezimbili ezilula, i-EXT4 izosebenza kahle kakhulu.

Kumabhizinisi adinga izithombe eziphindaphindwayo, ukuguquguquka, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kwedatha , i-Btrfs ifanelekile kakhulu. I-Synology, isibonelo, iyisebenzisa kumadivayisi ayo amaningi e-NAS ukunikeza izithombe ezihleliwe, ukukopisha amadivayisi ahlukene, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho, kanye nokucindezelwa, konke okune-interface elula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-kernel ye-Linux kwenza kube lula ukuphatha futhi kunciphisa ukuncika kwangaphandle.

Ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ama-mainframe, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nedathabheyisi enkulu , i-ZFS iyinkosi. Inhlanganisela yayo yama-copy-on-write, ama-checksum angu-256-bit, i-RAID-Z, ukuziphilisa, ukucindezela okusobala, kanye nokunciphisa idatha kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elifanele uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukonakala kwedatha buthule noma ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwediski ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-RAID.

Esigabeni se-NAS esisezingeni eliphezulu, i-QNAP ene-QuTS hero iletha i-ZFS kuma -desktop nama-rack PC anama-CPU anamandla kanye nenani elikhulu le-RAM , okuletha amakhono ajwayelekile amaseva ochwepheshe eduze kwamabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo afuna ukuya phambili ekuvikelweni kwedatha ngaphandle kokusetha iqoqo elikhulu.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-host kumele lucatshangelwe futhi . Ku-Linux, i-ZFS ivame ukulayishwa njengemojula yangaphandle (ngenxa yezinkinga zelayisensi), kuyilapho i-Btrfs ihlanganiswe ne-kernel, ngezinye izikhathi enikeza izilinganiso lapho ifuna izixazululo "ze-Linux ezimsulwa" ezingu-100%. Ku-FreeBSD, i-ZFS inokuhlanganiswa okuqinile kakhulu, kuyilapho i-Btrfs ingasetshenziswa kaningi.

Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwefayela lwe-NAS yakho

Ngaphezu kwezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha i-ZFS, i-Btrfs, noma i-EXT4 ye-NAS noma iseva yakho. Ukuhambisana kungenye yezindlela zokuqala: udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwefayela olukhethile lusekelwa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-NAS kanye namathuluzi ozowasebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Ukuqina nokuvuthwa kwesistimu yamafayela nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. I-EXT4 ibilokhu ikhiqizwa ngobuningi iminyaka eminingi futhi cishe iyona ezinzile kakhulu iyonke. I-ZFS iphinde ibe nokuvuthwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-Solaris, FreeBSD, kanye ne-OpenZFS. Ama-Btrf athuthukile kakhulu, kodwa ezinye izilungiselelo (njenge-RAID 5/6) zisabhekwa njengezibucayi, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi uzicwaninge kahle ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa ekukhiqizeni.

Isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzobaluleka kakhulu uma i-NAS yakho izophatha idatha eningi nsuku zonke. I-EXT4 ivame ukuwina ekusebenzeni okuluhlaza, kuyilapho i-ZFS kanye ne-Btrfs zinikeza izici eziningi kodwa ngezindleko eziphezulu zezinsiza. Udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe: ubulula kanye nesivinini, noma izici ezithuthukisiwe noma ngabe ukusebenza okuphezulu kuphansi kancane.

Izici ezengeziwe nazo zenza umehluko: izithombe ezimfushane, ukucindezelwa, ukudluliselwa kwedatha, ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo nokulungiswa, ukuphathwa kwesilinganiso, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RAID, njll. I-ZFS ne-Btrfs ziyakhanya lapha, kuyilapho i-EXT4 idinga ukuhlanganiswa namanye amathuluzi ukuze kufezwe into efanayo.

Okokugcina, ukukhuliswa kwesikhathi esizayo kubalulekile. Uma ulindele ukwengeza amadiski, ukwandisa umthamo, noma ukushintsha indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-NAS yakho, uzodinga uhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi wandise amachibi okugcina, usabalalise kabusha idatha, futhi uphathe amavolumu amakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlela kabusha yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni. Kulokhu, i-ZFS ne-Btrfs ngokusobala ziphambili kune-EXT4.

Njengoba konke okungenhla kusetafuleni, isithombe sicacile: I-EXT4 ifaneleka kakhulu kumadivayisi e-NAS angabizi kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile , i-Btrfs ikhanga kakhulu amabhizinisi kanye nabasebenzisi abathuthukile abahlala ku-Linux futhi abafuna izithombe ezihlanganisiwe kahle kanye nokukopisha, kanti i-ZFS iyindlela ekhethwayo uma kugxilwe ekuthembekeni kwedatha, ukuziphilisa, kanye nokukhula okukhulu, uma nje ihadiwe ikulungele umsebenzi.