Ukuqhathanisa i-ZFS vs Btrfs vs EXT4 kumaseva e-NAS ne-Linux

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Uma unenkinga ngokukhetha I-ZFS, i-Btrfs noma i-EXT4 yeseva yakho ye-NAS noma ye-LinuxAwuwedwa. Uma uqala ukuzibuka zibonakala zifana kakhulu (izifinyezo, i-RAID, ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha…), kodwa uma uklwebha indawo ubona ukuthi ngayinye yadalwa ngezinhloso ezahlukene, inamandla acacile kakhulu kanye nezimo ezibalulekile okudingeka uzazi ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufometha amadiski.

Emigqeni elandelayo uzothola a Ukuqhathanisa okujulile phakathi kwe-ZFS, i-Btrfs kanye ne-EXT4Ukuchaza konke kusukela kulokho uhlelo lwefayela oluyikho nokuthi ludlala yiphi indima ku-NAS, kuya ezimweni zokusetshenziswa zangempela, imikhawulo yamandla, ukusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo kuye ngokuthi usetha i-NAS yasekhaya, iseva yebhizinisi elincane, noma indawo engathi sína kakhulu enezidingo eziphezulu zokutholakala.

Iyini uhlelo lwefayela futhi kungani lubaluleke kangaka ku-NAS?

Uhlelo lwefayela, ngokuyisisekelo, luyi indlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlela ngayo, olugcina, noluthola ngayo idatha kuma-hard drive, ama-SSD, kanye nama-drive angaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalolu sethi lwemithetho nezakhiwo, uhlelo beluzobona kuphela izintambo zama-zero kanye nama-ones ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ifayela liqala kuphi, liphelela kuphi, noma ukuthi linaziphi izimvume.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo kukhona nikeza amabhlogo esikhala kufayela ngalinye, phatha isikhala samahhala, futhi wakhe iziqondisi zesakhiwo ukuze ukufinyelela idatha kusheshe futhi kuthembeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwefayela luphatha imethadatha (usayizi, izinsuku, umnikazi), izimvume kanye nohlu lokulawula ukufinyelela (ama-ACL), izindlela zokulwa nokuqhekeka, ukubhala phansi, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izinketho ezifana nezilinganiso zediski ngomsebenzisi noma iqembu.

Ingcezu ngayinye yedatha igcinwa ku- amabhlogo angokoqobo noma imikhakha enekheli elithileIthebula lokuhlukanisa lichaza isakhiwo esinengqondo saleso sitoreji. Usayizi omkhulu ongaphathwa uncike "kububanzi begama" elisetshenziswa uhlelo lwefayela: amabhithi amaningi okubhekana nememori aholela kuvolumu enkulu kanye nomthamo wefayela.

Uma sikhuluma nge-NAS, konke lokhu kuba kubaluleke nakakhulu ngoba uhlelo lwefayela luhambisana nezimo umthamo omkhulu, ukuzinza, isivinini sangempela, kanye nezici ezithuthukisiwe yomshini: izithombe, ubuqotho bedatha, i-RAID, ukukopisha, ukucindezelwa, ukudonswa kwedatha, njll. Kusukela lapha abadlali abakhulu bezwe le-Linux kanye namaseva e-NAS bayaqala ukusebenza: i-EXT4, i-Btrfs kanye ne-ZFS.

I-EXT4: isosha elinamandla lokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye ne-NAS yasekhaya

I-EXT4 (Uhlelo Lwefayela Olunwetshiwe Lwesine) yilona okujwayelekile ngempela ekusakazweni okuningi kwe-Linux ukusetshenziswa okuvamile. Yazalwa njengoshintsho oluqondile lwe-EXT3 ngenhloso yokunikeza amandla engeziwe, ukusebenza okungcono kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane, ngenkathi igcina ukuthembeka okwayenza yathandwa kakhulu kumaseva nakuma-desktop.

Luhlelo lwefayela ukuthengiselana nge-journalingIgcina irekhodi lezinguquko zokubhala ezilindile ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokonakala uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela noma ukuphahlazeka okungazelelwe. Ayifinyeleli ezingeni lokuvikelwa kwe-Btrfs noma i-ZFS ngokukopisha (CoW), kodwa ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile iqinile impela.

Phakathi kwezici zayo ezibalulekile, imikhawulo yayo yemfundiso ivelele: Amavolumu afinyelela ku-1 EiB kanye nezingobo zomlando ezifika ku-16 TiB Uma usebenzisa amabhlogo angu-4K, amafayela namagama efayela angafinyelela ku-4.000 billion afinyelela ku-255 bytes. Lokhu kwenza kube okwanele ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye namabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi.

I-EXT4 ihlanganisa amasu okusebenza ukunciphisa ukuhlukana nokuthuthukisa ukusebenzaIzici zifaka phakathi "izandiso" (ukuqoqwa kwamabhulokhi ahambisanayo), ukwabiwa okuvilaphayo (i-Allocate-on-flush) okunquma ukuthi yimaphi amabhulokhi okufanele uwasebenzise ngaphambi nje kokubhala, kanye nekhono lokubhukha isikhala esihambisanayo samafayela ngaphandle kokuwagcwalisa ngo-zero. Iphinde ivumele ukuqhekeka kwe-inthanethi ngaphandle kokukhipha ivolumu, yize uhlelo luncipha ngesikhathi senqubo.

Enye inzuzo ewusizo ukuthi ukuhambisana emuvaKungenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-EXT3 lube yi-EXT4 ngenkathi ulondoloza isakhiwo ukuze bobabili bakwazi ukusiqonda. Kodwa-ke, uma selwakhiwe njenge-EXT4, awukwazi ukubuyela emuva ku-EXT3. Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, isekela ukubethela kwedatha okusobala, ukubhala phansi, kanye nama-ACL ajwayelekile e-Linux.

Ezweni le-NAS, abakhiqizi abaningi (i-QNAP, i-Synology, i-Asustor kumamodeli amaningi) bayaqhubeka nokukhetha i-EXT4 njenge ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kumishini esezingeni eliphansi neliphakathilapho umgomo uwukuzinza, ukuhambisana, kanye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu ngezinsizakusebenza ze-CPU ne-RAM ezilinganiselwe.

Ama-Btrfs: umlandeli wesimanje onezithombe ezimfushane, i-CoW, kanye ne-RAID ehlanganisiwe

I-Btrfs (Uhlelo Lwefayela Lesihlahla se-B) yaklanywa kusukela ekuqaleni njenge "umlandeli wemvelo" we-EXT4 ku-LinuxYaqala ngo-2007 nge-Oracle kanye nemigomo emikhulu: ukunqoba ukulinganiselwa kwamandla nokusebenza kwe-EXT4 kanye nokwethula ku-Linux njengokujwayelekile konke esasikubona kuphela ezixazululweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengezithombe ezimfushane, i-CoW, i-RAID ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuphathwa kwevolumu okuhlanganisiwe.

Ngokuphathelene nemingcele, iBtrfs idlala kuligi efanayo neZFS: Ubuningi bevolumu kanye nosayizi wamafayela kufika ku-16 EiBInani eliphezulu lamafayela lingafinyelela ku-18 trillion, kanti amagama efayela angama-byte angu-255 ubude. Empeleni, uhlelo olungenamingcele cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimanje.

Isici sayo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi Isebenza ngokuphelele nge-copy-on-write Lokhu kusebenza kokubili kudatha kanye nemethadatha. Noma nini lapho okuthile kuguqulwa, idatha yangaphambilini ayibhalwa ngaphezulu; esikhundleni salokho, ikhophi entsha ibhalwa endaweni ehlukile, bese inkomba ibuyekezwa. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe eziseduze ngokushesha futhi kuvimbela izinhlobo eziningi zokonakala buthule ngoba inguqulo ehambisanayo ihlala igcinwa kuze kube yilapho ushintsho lwenziwa.

I-Btrfs ikuvumela ukuthi udale funda futhi ubhale izithombekanye nezifinyezo zezithombe, futhi uziphathe ngendlela eguquguqukayo usebenzisa ama-subvolume. Kuhlanganisa ne-RAID eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ezingeni lesistimu yamafayela (i-RAID 0, 1, 10 kanye namazinga angu-5/6, lokhu kokugcina kusabhekwa njengokubucayi kwezinye izindawo), amasu okulinganisa nokushaya, kanye nokwabiwa kwe-inode okuguquguqukayo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusetha inani eliphezulu lamafayela lapho kudalwa uhlelo.

Enye impahla ebalulekile i- Ukucindezelwa okusobala ku-inthanethi (ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms afana ne-zlib, i-LZO, noma i-Zstd), okusiza ukonga isikhala futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokufunda/ukubhala ngokunciphisa ivolumu yedatha ebonakalayo. Iphinde isekele ukudluliselwa kwedatha (ngokuvamile isebenzisa amathuluzi angaphandle), ukuklwebha ukuqinisekisa nokulungisa idatha ngokuqhathanisa ama-checksum, kanye nemodi ye-SSD elungiselelwe.

Konke lokho okukhazimulayo akulona igolide. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EXT4, Ama-Btrf ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-CPU kanye nememori eningiFuthi ezivivinyweni eziningi, inikeza ukusebenza okuphansi kokufunda nokubhala okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zehadiwe. Izindleko ze-CoW logic, ama-checksum, nezici ezithuthukisiwe zikhokhwa ngokwezinsizakusebenza, into okufanele icatshangelwe kumadivayisi e-NAS aphansi.

Kuhlelo lwe-NAS, i-Btrfs isibe yi- Ukubheja okukhulu kwe-Synology kanye nezixazululo eziningi ezigxile ebhizinisiniikakhulukazi ngenxa yezithombe zayo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, inketho yokuphindaphinda okuqhubekayo (ukuthumela/ukwamukela), ukwenza amakhophi aphindaphindwayo, kanye nokulula kwayo ukubuyisela izinguquko ezingadingekile ngemizuzwana embalwa.

I-ZFS: "ithangi" lobuqotho bedatha, ukukhuliswa, kanye nezindawo ezidinga kakhulu

I-ZFS (Zettabyte File System) yasungulwa eSun Microsystems yeSolaris futhi yakhululwa ngo-2005 njengengxenye ye-OpenSolaris. Namuhla isatshalaliswa kakhulu nge I-OpenZFS futhi ithuthwe ku-FreeBSD, Linux, nakwezinye izinhlelo. Kuze kube manje, ingenye yezinhlelo izinhlelo zamafayela ezithuthuke kakhulu ezikhona kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-Unix.

Enye yezinsika zayo ukuthi Ihlanganisa umphathi wevolumu kanye nohlelo lwefayela kube ungqimba olulodwa.Esikhundleni sokufaka uhlelo lwefayela phezu kwediski yangaphandle noma i-RAID array, i-ZFS idala amachibi okugcina (ama-zpool) akhiwe ngamadivayisi abonakalayo (ama-vdev). Amasethi edatha (izinhlelo zamafayela) kanye nama-zvols (amadivayisi avinjiwe) achazwa phezulu kwaleli pool, wonke ahlanganiswe futhi aphathwa ngamathuluzi afanayo.

Ngokuphathelene nomthamo, i-ZFS isebenzisa ikheli le-128-bit, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi amavolumu namafayela afinyelela ku-16 EiBIsekela amagama wamafayela afinyelela kuma-byte angu-255 kanye nenani eliphezulu lamafayela amakhulu ezigidigidi. Luhlelo oluklanyelwe ukukhuliswa kalula lufinyelele emazingeni amakhulu okugcina amafayela.

Njenge-Btrfs, i-ZFS isekela ukusebenza kwayo ku- ukukopisha-ekubhaleni ngamasheke kubhulokhi ngayinyeNgaphambi kokubhala, ibala i-checksum (ngokuvamile ama-bits angu-256) ehlolwa kukho konke okufundwayo. Uma ithola ukonakala kanye nokungatholakali kahle (isibonelo, ku-RAID-Z noma ekubukeni ngezibuko), ingayilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokusobala, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-data self-healing.

Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemodeli ye-CoW ekubhaleni okuhambisanayo (isb., izizindalwazi), i-ZFS isebenzisa Ilogi Yenhloso ye-ZFS (ZIL)okungahlala kuma-SSD asheshayo ukuze kusheshiswe imisebenzi ebalulekile. Iphinde ibe ne-read cache ku-RAM (ARC) kanye naku-SSD (L2ARC) ngokuzikhethela, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kodwa futhi kwandisa izidingo ze-RAM.

Inkinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: I-ZFS yenzelwe imishini ene-RAM eningi (16 GB njengesisekelo esifanelekile) kanye ne-CPU enhle. I-Deduplication, ikakhulukazi, ingakhulisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwememori, ngakho-ke kufanele ivulwe kuphela uma ukonga isikhala kuvunyelwe ngempela.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphatha, i-ZFS yethula uhlelo oludumile I-RAID-Z (RAID-Z1, RAID-Z2, RAID-Z3)Yakhelwe ukugwema izinkinga ze-RAID 5/6 zakudala njenge-"write hole," inikeza inhlanganisela elula, ebonisiwe, nethuthukisiwe yamachibi. Ikuvumela ukuthi wandise umthamo ngokungeza amadivayisi amasha echibini bese uqala ukuwasebenzisa ngokushesha, ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu kune-RAID yendabuko.

Phakathi kwezici zayo ezithuthukisiwe esizitholayo izithombe ezisheshayo, ama-clone alula, ukucindezelwa okusobala, ukukhishwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nezilinganiso ezinama-granular amaningi ngesethi yedatha noma umsebenzisi ngamunye. Izifinyezo zingabalelwa ku-trillion futhi zakhiwe cishe ngokushesha, njengoba izinkomba zamabhulokhi akhona kuphela ezigcinwayo.

Ububi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: I-ZFS yenzelwe imishini ene- i-RAM eyanele (16 GB njengesisekelo esinengqondo nokuningi uma ukukhishwa kuvuliwe) kanye ne-CPU enhle. I-Deduplication, ikakhulukazi, ingakhulisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwememori, ngakho-ke kufanele ivulwe kuphela uma ukonga isikhala kuvunyelwe ngempela.

Abakhiqizi abanjengoQNAP babheja ku-ZFS ebhizinisini labo Amadivayisi e-NAS aphezulu anesistimu yeqhawe le-QuTSlapho amakhono ayo esetshenziswa khona ngokugcwele: i-RAID-Z, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho okuqhubekayo, ukucindezelwa, izithombe ezinkulu kanye nekhono lokuphatha yonke into kusukela ku-interface yesithombe elula ukuyisebenzisa yabasebenzisi abathuthukile.

Ezinye izinhlelo zamafayela ezivamile: i-NTFS, i-FAT32, i-exFAT, kanye ne-XFS

Nakuba sigxila lapha ku-ZFS, Btrfs kanye ne-EXT4 ezindaweni zeseva kanye ne-NAS, ezinye izinhlelo zamafayela nazo ziyavela ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. izinhlelo zamafayela ezinokusetshenziswa okukhethekile kakhuluUkuziqonda kusiza ukugwema ukuxuba imiqondo lapho kuxhuma amadiski phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

I-NTFS (Isistimu Yamafayela Obuchwepheshe Obusha) ibilokhu iyisistimu yamafayela ezenzakalelayo ye-Windows amashumi eminyaka. Isekela amafayela amakhulu kakhulu, izimvume ezithuthukisiwe, ukubhala amajenali, nezinye izici eziningi, kodwa Ukuhambisana kwayo ngaphandle kwe-Windows kunqunyelwe.I-macOS iyibeka njengeyokufunda kuphela ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi yize iLinux iyisekela kahle, akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yamadrayivu azokwabelwana ngawo phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-consoles.

FAT32 Iyidivayisi yakudala, ehambisana kakhulu, efanelekile kuma-flash drive ashibhile, izidlali zemidiya, namadivayisi amadala. Inkinga yayo enkulu... 4 GB umkhawulo wefayela ngalinyeLokhu akukuvumeli ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-backup esimanje, izithombe zediski, noma amavidiyo asezingeni eliphezulu. Noma kunjalo, kusasebenza ngoba cishe wonke amadivayisi emhlabeni angakufunda.

FAT Inguqulo ejwayelekile indala kakhulu futhi ilinganiselwe, ayinakubekezelela amaphutha, azikho izimvume zokuphepha, futhi yenzelwe amandla amancane (ngokulandelana kwamashumi e-GB). Njengokubuyisela, Ihlala ihambisana kakhulu nezinhlelo ezindala. kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezifakiwe, nakuba empeleni kungavamile ukukusebenzisa namuhla kunoma yini engathi sína.

exFAT Yadalwa njengelandela i-FAT32 yemidiya esuswayo, isusa umkhawulo wosayizi wefayela ongu-4 GB. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku- Amakhadi e-SD, ama-USB flash drive kanye nama-hard drive angaphandle lokho kuzohamba phakathi kweWindows ne-macOS. Sekuvele kunokusekelwa okuqinile ku-Linux, kodwa akungezi izici ezifana nezifinyezo noma ukubhala phansi okunamandla, ngakho-ke akuyona inketho efanelekile ye-NAS.

Ekugcineni, I-XFS Luhlelo lwefayela oluqondiswe ku- Ukusebenza okuphezulu ngamafayela amakhulu kakhuluIsetshenziswa kabanzi kumaseva e-Linux aphezulu kanye nedathabheyisi enkulu. Inikeza ukubhala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okuhambisanayo, kodwa ayinazo izithombe zomdabu kanye nokucindezela okuhlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke ivame ukuncintisana kakhulu ne-EXT4 ezimweni ezithile kune-ZFS noma i-Btrfs.

Ukuqhathanisa kwe-ZFS vs Btrfs vs EXT4: amakhono, imisebenzi kanye nemikhawulo

Uma siqhathanisa i-ZFS, i-Btrfs, kanye ne-EXT4 eceleni, kuvela umehluko obalulekile oningana. umthamo omkhulu, izici ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinga lokuvikelwa kwedathaNgokuphathelene nemikhawulo yethiyori, zombili i-ZFS kanye ne-Btrfs zidlala ku-league efanayo ye-16 EiB yevolumu nefayela, kuyilapho i-EXT4 ihlala ku-1 EiB yevolumu kanye ne-16 TiB ngefayela ngalinye (enezithiyo ezingu-4K).

Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wefayela, i-Btrfs kanye ne-ZFS zisekela inani lezinkanyezi (ama-trillion uma kukhulunywa ngama-Btrfs futhi afinyelela ku-2⁴⁸ ku-ZFS), kuyilapho i-EXT4 ihamba ngokulandelana kwe- izigidigidi zama-inode atholakalayoBobathathu babelana ngomkhawulo wama-byte angu-255 wegama lefayela, okwanele cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo.

Lapho kubonakala khona ukuhlukana okucacile kusesimeni imisebenzi ethuthukileI-ZFS kanye ne-Btrfs zinikeza izithombe ezikopishiwe, ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukucindezela okusobala, kanye nokunciphisa (okuvela ku-ZFS, kuyatholakala ngamathuluzi ku-Btrfs). I-EXT4, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayihlanganisi i-CoW, ayinazo izithombe zayo, futhi ayinakho ukucindezela nokunciphisa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ngokuqondene ne ukubethelaI-ZFS isebenzisa ukubethela kwezinga ledatha ngokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu ejulile. Ama-Btrf, kuye ngokucushwa, angathembela ezindleleni zangaphandle ezifana ne-LUKS ukubethela idivayisi, kanti i-EXT4 ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-LUKS noma ezinye izendlalelo zokubethela ukuvikela lonke ivolumu.

Uma ubheka izithombe, i-ZFS isekela inombolo ephezulu kakhulu (ngokulandelana okungu-2).⁴⁸Ama-Btrf avumela futhi amanani amakhulu, kanye ne-EXT4 Akubaphathi ngendlela yabo yemvelo.Lokhu kwenza ama-ZFS nama-Btrf avelele ngamasu okusekela njalo, ukululama okusheshayo emaphutheni omuntu, kanye nokuphindaphindwa phakathi kwamaseva.

Ezingeni lomqondo, i-ZFS iyona engcono kakhulu kuhlanganiswe futhi kuvumelana njengesixazululo "sonke-ku-sinye"Ivolumu + uhlelo lwefayela + i-RAID + ukuphathwa kwe-quota kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo. I-Btrfs iphinde ihlanganise izendlalelo eziningi (uhlelo lwefayela kanye ne-RAID, amavolumu angaphansi, ukulethwa kwesithombe), kodwa ngokuvamile incike kumathuluzi angaphandle okubethela noma eminye imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe. I-EXT4, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-LVM, i-mdadm, nezinye izingxenye ukwakha izixazululo eziphelele.

Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza: yisiphi isimo lapho ngayinye isebenza kahle khona?

Iphuzu elilodwa elingakhulunywa kakhulu emcabangweni kodwa eliphawuleka kakhulu ekusebenzeni yileli ukusebenza kwangempela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizaUkuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuqhathanisa (isibonelo, lokho okwenziwe yiPhoronix) kubonisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile kakhulu, i-EXT4 ivame ukuba uhlelo lwefayela olushesha kakhulu ekusebenzeni okulandelanayo nokulandelanayo kokufunda nokubhala ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zehadiwe.

Sekukonke, i-EXT4 inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu nge umthwalo ophansi we-CPU kanye ne-RAMLokhu kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kwi-NAS yasekhaya kanye namabhizinisi amancane lapho into ebalulekile ukuhambisa idatha ngokushesha nangokulula, ngaphandle kwesidingo sezithombe ezinamandla noma ukudluliselwa kwedatha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ZFS ivame ukuba okuhamba kancane kakhulu kumabhentshimakhi e-I/O amsulwaLokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ukucushwa okulinganayo nezinye izinhlelo kuhadiwe efanayo. Isizathu ukuthi imodeli yayo ye-CoW, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum, ukucindezelwa, ukuphathwa kwe-pool, kanye nemisebenzi yobuqotho kudla isikhathi se-CPU kanye nememori, okususwa ezindaweni lapho okubaluleke kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwedatha.

Ama-Btrf avame ukufakwa phakathi nendawo: Akusheshi njenge-EXT4 eluhlaza.Kodwa-ke, ayidingi kakhulu ihadiwe njenge-ZFS. Emisebenzini eminingi esebenzisa ama-SSD kanye ne-all-flash RAID, inganikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokusebenza nezici ezithuthukisiwe, yize ukuziphatha kwayo kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngenguqulo ye-kernel kanye nokucushwa okuthile.

Uma i-NAS noma iseva yakho iphansi noma iphakathi nendawo, ine-RAM encane kanye neprosesa encane, I-EXT4 ivame ukuba ukubheja okunengqondo kakhuluEmishinini enamandla kakhulu, i-Btrfs iyindlela enhle yokuzuza kuma-snapshots, ukucindezela, kanye ne-RAID ehlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwezidingo ze-ZFS. Futhi uma unomshini onamandla one-RAM eningi futhi udinga ubuqotho obukhulu kanye nokuziphilisa, i-ZFS iba yinkanyezi.

Amacala okusetshenziswa anconyiwe: I-Home NAS, ama-SME, kanye nezindawo zebhizinisi

Uma sibheka yonke le mbono, umbuzo wangempela uthi: Yiluphi uhlelo lwefayela okufanele ngilukhethele icala lami elithile? I-NAS yama-movie nama-backup omndeni ayifani nendawo ebalulekile yedathabheyisi noma iseva ye-virtualization enemishini eminingi.

para ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, ihhovisi lasekhaya kanye nehhovisi elincane (i-SOHO)I-EXT4 ngokuvamile iyindlela elinganiselayo kakhulu. Ihlolwe kahle kakhulu, isekelwa yizo zonke izinsiza ngaphandle kwezinkinga, inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, futhi ayidingi noma iyiphi ihadiwe ekhethekile. Uma ufuna ukwabelana ngamafayela, wenze amakhophi agciniwe, bese usetha i-RAID array eyodwa noma ezimbili ezilula, i-EXT4 izosebenza kahle kakhulu.

En Izinkampani ezidinga izithombe ezivamile, ukuguquguquka, kanye nezinga elihle lokuvikelwa kwedathaI-Btrfs ifanelana kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-Synology iyisebenzisa kumadivayisi ayo amaningi e-NAS ukunikeza izithombe ezihleliwe, ukukopisha amadivayisi ahlukene, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho, kanye nokucindezelwa, konke okune-interface elula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-kernel ye-Linux kwenza kube lula ukuphatha futhi kunciphisa ukuncika kwangaphandle.

para izindawo zebhizinisi, ama-mainframe, izikhungo zedatha, kanye nezizindalwazi ezinkuluI-ZFS iyinkosi. Inhlanganisela yayo yama-copy-on-write, ama-checksum angu-256-bit, i-RAID-Z, ukuziphilisa, ukucindezela okusobala, kanye nokunciphisa idatha kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elihle uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukonakala kwedatha noma ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwediski ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-RAID.

Esigabeni se-NAS esisezingeni eliphezulu, i-QNAP eneqhawe le-QuTS iletha i-ZFS ku ama-desktop nama-rack PC anama-CPU anamandla kanye nenani elikhulu le-RAMukuletha amakhono ajwayelekile eseva yobungcweti eduze kwezinkampani eziphakathi nendawo ezifuna ukuya phambili ekuvikelweni kwedatha ngaphandle kokusetha iqoqo elikhulu.

Kufanele futhi ucabangele isistimu yokusebenza yomsingathiI-ZFS, ku-Linux, ivame ukulayishwa njengemojuli yangaphandle (ngenxa yezinkinga zelayisensi), kuyilapho i-Btrfs ihlanganiswe ku-kernel, ngezinye izikhathi enikeza izilinganiso lapho ifuna izixazululo "ze-Linux ezimsulwa" eziyi-100%. Ku-FreeBSD, i-ZFS inokuhlanganiswa okucwebezelisiwe, kuyilapho i-Btrfs ingasetshenziswa kakhulu.

Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwefayela lwe-NAS yakho

Ngaphezu kwezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha i-ZFS, i-Btrfs, noma i-EXT4 ye-NAS noma iseva yakho. Compatibilidad Kungenye yezinto zokuqala okudingeka uzenze: qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lwefayela olukhethiwe lusekelwa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-NAS kanye namathuluzi ozosebenza ngawo nsuku zonke.

La ukuzinza nokuvuthwa Uhlelo lwamafayela nalo lubaluleke kakhulu. I-EXT4 ibilokhu ikhiqizwa ngobuningi iminyaka eminingi futhi cishe iyona ezinzile kakhulu iyonke. I-ZFS iphinde ibe nokuvuthwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-Solaris, FreeBSD, kanye ne-OpenZFS. Ama-Btrf athuthukile kakhulu, kodwa ezinye izilungiselelo (njenge-RAID 5/6) zisabhekwa njengezibucayi, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi uzicwaninge kahle ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa ekukhiqizeni.

La isivinini nokusebenza kahle Lezi zici zizoba zibalulekile uma i-NAS yakho izophatha idatha eningi nsuku zonke. I-EXT4 ivame ukunikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu, kuyilapho i-ZFS ne-Btrfs zinikeza izici eziningi kodwa ngezindleko eziphezulu zezinsiza. Udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe: ubulula nesivinini, noma izici ezithuthukisiwe noma ngabe ukusebenza okuphezulu kuphansi kancane.

I-Las izici ezingeziwe Ezinye izici ezenza umehluko zifaka phakathi izithombe, ukucindezelwa, ukudluliselwa kwedatha, ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo nokulungiswa, ukuphathwa kwesilinganiso, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RAID, nokuningi. I-ZFS ne-Btrfs ziyaphumelela lapha, kuyilapho i-EXT4 idinga ukuhlanganiswa namanye amathuluzi ukuze kufezwe into efanayo.

Ekugcineni, i ukukhuliswa kwesikhathi esizayo Lokhu kubalulekile. Uma ucabanga ukuthi uzongeza amadiski, ukwandisa umthamo, noma ukushintsha indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-NAS yakho, uzofuna uhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi wandise amachibi okugcina, usabalalise kabusha idatha, futhi uphathe amavolumu amakhulu ngaphandle kokulungisa kabusha konke kusukela ekuqaleni. Kulokhu, i-ZFS ne-Btrfs ngokusobala ziphambili kune-EXT4.

Uma ucabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, isithombe siba sobala impela: I-EXT4 ifaneleka kakhulu kumadivayisi e-NAS angabizi kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile.I-Btrfs ikhanga kakhulu amabhizinisi nabasebenzisi abathuthukile abahlala ku-Linux futhi abafuna izithombe ezihlanganiswe kahle kanye nokukopisha, futhi i-ZFS iyindlela ekhethwayo uma kugxilwe ekuthembekeni kwedatha, ukuzilapha, kanye nokukhula okukhulu, uma nje ihadiwe ikulungele umsebenzi.