Izibonelo ze-Thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

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I-Thermodynamics iyi-a igatsha le-physics efunda amandla, ukushisa kanye nomsebenzi. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engabonakali, iqiniso liwukuthi i-thermodynamics ikhona ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ngezindlela eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Kusukela lapho sivuka kuze kube yilapho silala, sisebenzisana nezimiso ze-thermodynamics ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Kulesi senzakalo, sihlola izibonelo lapho thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke lisizungezile nokuthi lithonya kanjani ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.

Izibonelo ze-Thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

1. Ikhofi yasekuseni eshisayo

Kwabaningi bethu, usuku luqala ngenkomishi eduduzayo yekhofi elishisayo. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi yini i-thermodynamics ehlobene nesiphuzo sakho sasekuseni? Kuvele ukuthi ukudluliswa kokushisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhofi lakho lisezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa.

Ukudlulisa ukushisa enkomishini yakho

Uma uthela ikhofi elishisayo enkomishini, ukushisa kudluliselwa kusuka oketshezini kuya enkomishini bese kungene emoyeni ozungezile. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi yi-thermal conduction. Inkomishi imunca okunye ukushisa okuvela ekhofini, okwenza izinga lokushisa loketshezi lehle kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushisa kuyachithwa kusuka ebusweni bekhofi kuya emoyeni ngokusebenzisa i-convection kanye imisebe i-termica.

Ungaligcina kanjani ikhofi lakho lishisa isikhathi eside

Uma ufuna ukujabulela ikhofi lakho elishisayo isikhathi eside, ungasebenzisa izimiso ezithile ze-thermodynamic:

• Sebenzisa inkomishi enezindonga eziwugqinsi kanye ne-thermal conductivity ephansi, njengenkomishi yengilazi yobumba noma enezindonga ezimbili. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa kusuka ekhofi kuya ngaphandle.
• Faka isivalo enkomishini yakho. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa i-convection kanye nokuhwamuka.
• Shisisa inkomishi yakho ngamanzi ashisayo ngaphambi kokuphakela ikhofi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lokushisa inkomishi elimunca oketshezini.

2. Isiqandisi: umngane wakho we-thermodynamic

Isiqandisi singenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindlini zethu, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ezimisweni ze-thermodynamics. Ngenxa yesiqandisi, singakwazi ukugcina ukudla kwethu kukusha futhi kuphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

Umjikelezo wesiqandisi

Umjikelezo wesiqandisi wesiqandisi usekelwe ekucindezelweni nasekunwebeni kwegesi efrijini. I-compressor yesiqandisi icindezela igesi, ikhulise izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwayo. Khona-ke igesi eshisayo iyapholiswa njengoba idlula ku-condenser, ikhiphe ukushisa ngaphandle. Igesi ebandayo ibe isiyanda kumshini ohwamukayo ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi, imunce ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi futhi ipholise isikhala. Lo mjikelezo uphindwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lesiqandisi liphansi futhi lingaguquki, ubonisa ukuthi i-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke isisiza kanjani ukuthi silondoloze ukudla.

Amathiphu esiqandisini esisebenza kahle

Ukuze usebenzise kahle kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermodynamic yesiqandisi sakho:

• Beka izinga lokushisa libe sezingeni elifanele (phakathi kuka-3°C no-5°C esiqandisini naphakathi kuka-18°C no-15°C efrijini).
• Gwema ukuvula umnyango njalo nangesikhathi eside, njengoba lokhu kuvumela umoya ofudumele ukuba ungene futhi kuphoqa isiqandisi ukuthi sisebenze kanzima ukuze siphole futhi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi isiqandisi sinesikhala esanele sokungenisa umoya esisizungezile ukuze sikhiphe ukushisa ngendlela efanele.

3. I-air conditioning kanye ne-thermodynamics

Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, isiphephetha-moya siba umsindisi wempilo kwabaningi bethu. Le divayisi isebenzisa izimiso ze-thermodynamics ukugcina amakhaya ethu namahhovisi esezingeni lokushisa elinethezeka.

Indlela i-air conditioner esebenza ngayo

I-air conditioning isebenza ngendlela efanayo nesiqandisi, kodwa ngezinga elikhulu. I-compressor icindezela igesi efrijini, ikhulise izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwayo. Igesi eshisayo ipholiswa ku-condenser evulekile, ikhiphe ukushisa ngaphandle. Igesi ebandayo ibe isiyanda ku-evaporator ngaphakathi kwekhaya, ibambe ukushisa okuvela emoyeni wasendlini futhi ipholise isikhala. Umoya obandayo usakazwa endlini yonke ngohlelo lwamapayipi, kuyilapho umoya ofudumele uphumela ngaphandle. Le nqubo ingesinye isibonelo sokuthi i-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke isivumela kanjani ukugcina izinga lokushisa elikhululekile.

Amathiphu okonga amandla nge-air conditioning

Ukwehlisa i- ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi uthole okungcono kakhulu kwisiphephelo-moya sakho:

• Setha izinga lokushisa libe sezingeni elinethezekile kodwa lingabi phansi kakhulu (cishe 24°C).
• Vala amafasitela nezicabha uma isiphephetha-moya sivuliwe ukuze uvimbele ukuphuma komoya obandayo.
• Yenza ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ohlelweni, ukuhlanza noma ukushintsha izihlungi njengoba kudingeka.

4. I-Thermodynamics ekhishini

Ikhishi liyindawo lapho i-thermodynamics ikhona kakhulu. Kusukela emanzini abilayo kuya ekubhakeni ikhekhe, izimiso ze-thermodynamic zithonya indlela esipheka futhi silungiselela ngayo ukudla kwethu.

I-pressure cooker: isibonelo somthetho we-Gay-Lussac

I-pressure cooker iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi i-thermodynamics ingasheshisa kanjani inqubo yokupheka. Ngokomthetho we-Gay-Lussac, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa kwegesi kuhlobene ngqo. Ku-cooker yokucindezela, umhwamuko wamanzi uboshiwe, ukhulisa ukucindezela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lokupheka. Lokhu kuvumela ukudla ukuthi kupheke ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Indima yokushisa ekuphekeni ukudla

Ukudlulisa ukushisa kubalulekile ekuphekeni. Lapho sifudumeza ukudla, ama-molecule amanzi angaphakathi kukho aqala ukudlidliza futhi anyakaze ngokushesha. La mandla e-kinetic adluliswa ekudleni ngokuqhutshwa kwe-convection, i-convection kanye nemisebe, ukupheka izithako kanye nokushintsha ukuthungwa nokunambitheka kwazo, kuphinde kubonise ukubaluleka kwe-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

5. Injini yemoto yakho kanye ne-thermodynamics

Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ushayela imoto yakho, usebenzisa izimiso ze-thermodynamics. Injini yemoto yakho iguqula amandla ekhemikhali isuke kuphethiloli iwenze amandla emishini ukuze isebenze amasondo.

Umjikelezo we-Otto: ukuthi injini yemoto yakho isebenza kanjani

Injini kaphethiloli yemoto yakho isebenza ngokomjikelezo we-Otto, onezigaba ezine:

1. Okuthathayo: Ipiston yehla, ivumela ingxube yomoya nophethiloli ukuthi ingene kusilinda.
2. Ukucindezela: I-piston iyakhuphuka, icindezela ingxube futhi ikhulise izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwayo.
3. Ukushiswa nokunwetshwa: Inhlansi ithungela ingxube ecindezelweyo, ibangele ukuqhuma okuphushela ipiston phansi.
4. I-Exhaust: I-piston iyakhuphuka futhi, ikhipha amagesi e-exhaust kusilinda.

Lo mjikelezo we-thermodynamic uphindaphindwa izinkulungwane zezikhathi ngomzuzu ukuze unike imoto yakho amandla, ubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-thermodynamics empilweni yansuku zonke.

Amathiphu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yakho

Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermodynamic yenjini yakho:

• Yenza ukunakekelwa kwemoto okuvamile, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zikawoyela nesihlungi.
• Sebenzisa uhlobo lukaphethiloli olunconywe umenzi.
• Gwema ukusheshisa okungazelelwe kanye nokubhuleka, njengoba lokhu kumosha amandla.
• Hlela imizila yakho ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokushayela nokusebenzisa uphethiloli.

6. Izingubo ozigqokayo kanye ne-thermodynamics

Izingubo esikhetha ukuzigqoka nsuku zonke azigcini nje ngokubonisa isitayela sethu somuntu siqu, kodwa futhi zisivikela ezakhini futhi zilawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wethu. I-Thermodynamics idlala indima ebalulekile ekutheni izingubo zisigcina kanjani sikhululekile ezimweni ezehlukene zemvelo.

Indlela izingubo ezisigcina ngayo sifudumele noma sipholile

Izembatho zakha ungqimba lwe-insulation phakathi kwesikhumba sethu nendawo yangaphandle. Uma kubanda, izingubo zokugqoka zibamba umoya ofudumele eduze nomzimba wethu, zibambezele ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho kushisa, izingubo ezenziwe ngezindwangu ezilula neziphefumulayo zivumela umjuluko ukuba uhwamuke, zipholise isikhumba sethu. Lo mshini ungesinye isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Izinto zokugqoka ezisebenza kahle ngokwe-thermodynamically

Ezinye izinto zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinye ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba:

• Uvolo yisivikelo esingcono kakhulu sokushisa futhi sinezinto ze-hydrophobic ezigcina isikhumba somile.
• Ukotini uyaphefumula futhi uyamunca, okwenza ulungele izimo zezulu ezishisayo.
• Izindwangu zokwenziwa ezifana ne-polyester nenayiloni zingaklanywa ngendlela ephefumulayo, yome ngokushesha futhi ifake ukushisa.

7. Umzimba womuntu: umshini we-thermodynamic

Imizimba yethu iyisistimu ye-thermodynamic ethakazelisayo. Sihlala sikhiqiza futhi sikhipha ukushisa ukuze sigcine izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elizinzile, ngisho nangaphansi kokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo.

Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba

I-hypothalamus ebuchosheni bethu isebenza njenge-thermostat, izwa izinguquko ekushiseni komzimba futhi ibangele izimpendulo zokugcina i-homeostasis. Uma kushisa, imithambo yethu yegazi iyavuleka futhi siyajuluka ukuze sikhiphe ukushisa ngokuhwamuka. Uma kubanda, imithambo yethu yegazi iyaba futhi imisipha yethu iyaqhaqhazela ukuze ikhiqize ukushisa, okubonisa ukuthi i-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ilawula kanjani izinga lokushisa lethu.

Ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kuyithinta kanjani i-thermodynamics yomzimba

Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, imisipha yethu iguqula amandla amakhemikhali (ATP) abe amandla emishini nokushisa. Lokhu kushisa okukhiqiziwe kufanele kuhlakazwe ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukwanda kokugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni kanye nokujuluka kusisiza ukuthi silawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba.

8. I-Thermodynamics emvelweni

Imvelo igcwele izibonelo ezithakazelisayo ze-thermodynamics esenzweni. Kusukela kumphumela we-greenhouse kuya ekuzivumelaniseni nezilwane nezitshalo, izimiso ze-thermodynamic zilolonga umhlaba wethu wemvelo.

Umphumela we-greenhouse nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke

I-greenhouse effect iyinqubo yemvelo ye-thermodynamic egcina uMhlaba usezingeni lokushisa okuhlalekayo. Amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini, njengesikhutha ne-methane, abamba ukushisa okuvela elangeni, akuvimbele ukuba kudlulele emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yabantu ikhulise ukugcwala kwala magesi, okubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kwe-anthropogenic. Lesi simo siyisibonelo esicacile sethonya le-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye nokulinganisela kweplanethi yethu.

Izilwane nezitshalo zisebenzisa kanjani i-thermodynamics

Izidalwa eziphilayo zenze izinguquko ezijabulisayo ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa kwazo futhi zisebenzise amandla avela endaweni yazo:

• Amabhere amhlophe anongqimba oluqinile lwamafutha kanye noboya obuminyene obusebenza njenge-thermal insulation e-Arctic.
• I-Cacti inomumo nezindawo ezilungiselwe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi nokushisa ogwadule.
• Imihlwa yakha izindunduma ngezinhlelo zemvelo zokungenisa umoya ukuze zilawule izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wamakoloni azo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Iyini i-entropy futhi isithinta kanjani?

I-Entropy isilinganiso sokuphazamiseka noma ukungahleliwe ohlelweni. Ngokomthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics, i-entropy yendawo yonke ikhula njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqubo zemvelo zivame ukuya ezimeni zokuphazamiseka okukhulu nokulinganisela. Isibonelo, inkomishi yekhofi eshisayo izophola kancane kancane ibe yizinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi, futhi igumbi elingcolile lizodinga amandla (umsebenzi) ukuze libuyele ekuhleleni.

Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani imigomo ye-thermodynamics ukuze ngisindise amandla ekhaya?

Ungasebenzisa izimiso ze-thermodynamics ukonga amandla ekhaya lakho ngezindlela ezimbalwa:

• Sebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezonga amandla, njengemishini yokuwasha enesitifiketi se-Energy Star kanye neziwasha.
• Gcoba kahle ikhaya lakho ukuze unciphise ukudluliswa kokushisa ngaphandle ebusika nangaphakathi ehlobo.
• Thatha ithuba lokukhanya kwelanga ukushisa kancane ikhaya lakho phakathi nosuku.
• Sebenzisa izimpumputhe noma amakhethini ukuze uvimbele ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile futhi unciphise isidingo se-air conditioning ehlobo.

Iziphetho ku-thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

I-Thermodynamics ikhona cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekhofini lethu lasekuseni kuya emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi amandla adluliswa futhi aguqulwe kanjani endaweni yethu kusisiza ukuthi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi sisebenzise izinsiza zamandla ngokugcwele.

Ukubaluleka kokuqonda i-thermodynamics ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke

Ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-thermodynamics kusivumela ukuthi:

• Yenza ukukhetha kwabathengi okuhlakaniphile, okuzinzile, njengokukhetha izinto zikagesi ezonga amandla kanye nokuvikela amakhaya ethu ngendlela efanele.
• Yazisa ubunkimbinkimbi nobuhle bezinhlelo zemvelo, kusukela emjikelezweni wamanzi kuya ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo zezidalwa eziphilayo.
• Ziqonde kangcono izinselelo zemvelo zomhlaba wonke, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokubaluleka kokwamukela izinqubo ezizinzile.

Ukuthi izinguquko ezincane zingaba nomthelela omkhulu kangakanani ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla

Izinguquko ezincane emikhubeni yethu yansuku zonke zingangeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zibe negalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla nasekusimameni:

• Vala izibani nezinto zikagesi uma zingasebenzi.
• Setha i-thermostat kumazinga okushisa amaphakathi ebusika nasehlobo.
• Khetha izindlela zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
• Nciphisa, sebenzisa kabusha futhi ugaye kabusha ukuze unciphise amandla adingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe izimpahla ezintsha.

Ekuphetheni, i- thermodynamics ekuphileni kwansuku zonke Kuyisihloko esihehayo nesifanelekile kithi sonke. Ngokuqonda ukuthi amandla ageleza futhi aguquke kanjani endaweni yethu, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi sibambe iqhaza ekusaseni elizinzile. Kusukela ezenzweni ezincane zansuku zonke kuya ezenzweni ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso ze-thermodynamic kunamandla okuguqula ubudlelwano bethu namandla nomhlaba osizungezile.