UKen Thompson: U-UNIX uyazalwa

Isibuyekezo sokugcina: Novemba 19 we-2025
Author: I-TecnoDigital
  • UKen Thompson, umbhali ohlanganyele we-UNIX nolimi lwe-C, waqala i-UNIX ngo-1969 eBell Labs noDennis Ritchie, efuna uhlelo oluguquguqukayo noluphathekayo.
  • I-UNIX yethule uhla lwemibhalo, igobolondo, nemodeli yezimvume, ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka, ukuphepha, nokutholwa emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo.
  • Ukuyibhala kabusha ngo-C kukhulise ukuphatheka kwayo; ifa layo lihlanganisa i-Plan 9, Go, kanye nethonya elihlala njalo ezinhlelweni zesimanje ezifana ne-Linux.
Ken Thompson

Izwe le-computing liye lalolongwa izingqondo ezihlakaniphile nezinombono ezishiye umthelela ohlala njalo embonini. Igama elilodwa elivelele ngu-Ken Thompson, ungqondongqondo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-UNIX. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi u-Ken Thompson udale kanjani i-UNIX nokuthi ubuhlakani bakhe buguqule kanjani isimo sekhompiyutha. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizothola isipiliyoni sakhe, ulwazi kanye nesizathu sokuthi kungani u-Ken Thompson eyigunya esihlokweni sokudalwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-UNIX.

UKen Thompson: Ingqondo Ebonayo

UKen Thompson waziwa kabanzi njengomunye wamaphayona anethonya elikhulu emlandweni wekhompyutha. UThompson owazalwa ngo-February 4, 1943 eNew Orleans, eLouisiana, wabonisa kusukela esemncane ukuthakasela kwakhe ubuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lakhe lokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi efunda esikoleni University of CaliforniaE-Berkeley, uThompson wazihlukanisa njengomfundi ovelele, wathola iziqu ze-bachelor kuzibalo ngo-1965.

Iminyaka Yezinhlelo Zokusebenza

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ngaphakathi Ukuzalwa kwe-UNIX, kubalulekile ukuqonda umongo womlando kanye nokufaneleka kwamasistimu okusebenza ngaleso sikhathi. Ngawo-1960, ukusebenza kwekhompyutha kwakukhula ngokushesha, futhi isidingo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle nezivumelana nezimo sasilokhu sicindezela kakhulu.

Iphrojekthi ye-MULTICS kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqala

Ngawo-60, u-Ken Thompson wajoyina iphrojekthi ye-MULTICS e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). I-MULTICS (Insizakalo Yolwazi Oluningi kanye Nekhompuyutha) kwakuyiphrojekthi yokufisa ukuthuthukisa amasistimu wokusebenza okwabelana ngesikhathi. UThompson wasebenza enkampanini ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo amafayela futhi wabhekana nezinselele zobuchwepheshe eziningana ngesikhathi sakhe kuphrojekthi.

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Ukuzalwa kwe-UNIX

Ushintsho lwangempela emsebenzini ka-Ken Thompson lwenzeka ngo-1969, lapho yena noDennis Ritchie, omunye unjiniyela okhaliphile, beqala ukusebenza ohlelweni olusha lokusebenza e-AT&T's Bell Labs. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwabizwa nge-UNIX, umdlalo wamagama omele "Uniplexed Information and Computing System" futhi ubhekisela emdlalweni wamagama esiNgisi okusho "amayunithi amancane."

Izici ezintsha ze-UNIX

I-UNIX yethule izici ezintsha ezimbalwa eziyenze yagqama uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo sesikhathi. Ezinye zezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • I-Directory Hierarchy: I-UNIX yethule uhlaka lohla lwemibhalo olulandelanayo, oluvumele ukuhlelwa okuphumelelayo kwamafayela nezinkomba ohlelweni lokusebenza.
  • Igobolondo: I-UNIX yethule umyalo wotolika owaziwa ngokuthi igobolondo, onikeze isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi ukuze axhumane nekhompyutha. uhlelo lokusebenza. Lesi sici besibalulekile ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kanye nomsebenzi ozenzakalelayo.
  • Imodeli yezimvume: I-UNIX isebenzise imodeli yezimvume eziqinile, evumela ukufinyelela kumafayela nezinkomba ukuthi kulawulwe. Le ndlela yokuphepha yaba isici esiyisisekelo se izinhlelo imisebenzi yesimanje.

Umthelela we-UNIX Embonini

Ukwethulwa kwe-UNIX kwaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yamakhompyutha futhi kwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje. Njengoba i-UNIX ithola ukuthandwa, yaba uhlelo lokusebenza olwamukelwa kabanzi emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Indlela yayo ye-modular nokuphatheka kwayo kuyenze yaba inketho ekhangayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ifa Elihlala Njalo likaKen Thompson

Ifa lika-Ken Thompson kanye neminikelo kukhompyutha ayikhawulelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwe-UNIX. Ngemva komsebenzi wakhe ku-UNIX, u-Thompson waqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile embonini. Wabhala ngokuhlanganyela ulimi lokuhlela lwe-C, olwaba olunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezinethonya elikhulu emlandweni. Ukwengeza, u-Thompson uphinde wabandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Plan 9 kanye nolimi lokuhlela lwe-Go.

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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyabangela uKen Thompson ekudaleni i-UNIX?

Ukudalwa kuka-Ken Thompson kwe-UNIX kwagqugquzelwa isidingo sesistimu yokusebenza eguquguqukayo nesebenza kahle engasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zekhompyutha. UThompson nozakwabo Dennis Ritchie Babone ithuba lokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluzonqoba ukulinganiselwa kwezinhlelo ezikhona ngaleso sikhathi.

Iluphi ulimi lokuhlela olwasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa i-UNIX?

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-UNIX kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngolimi ukuhlanganisa, kodwa kamuva yabhalwa kabusha ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-C Ukusetshenziswa kwe ulimi C kwavumela ukuphatheka okukhulu futhi kwasiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UNIX.

Yini ukubaluleka kohla lwemibhalo ku-UNIX?

Ukulandelana kohlu lwemibhalo ku-UNIX kuyisici esibalulekile esihlinzeka ngesakhiwo esihlelekile sokugcina amafayela nezinkomba. Lesi sici sivumele abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele kalula futhi baphathe amafayela nezinhlelo kusistimu yokusebenza, okuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuhleleka.

Iyiphi indima u-Ken Thompson ayidlalile ekuthuthukisweni kolimi lokuhlela lwe-C?

UKen Thompson wayengomunye wababhali ababambisene bolimi lwezinhlelo ze-C, kanye noDennis Ritchie. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuthuthukisa i-C waba nesandla ekwamukelweni kwayo yonke indawo nempumelelo njengolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezinethonya kunawo wonke.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-UNIX ne-Linux?

I-Linux, isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile, isekelwe kakhulu kumigomo nemiqondo ye-UNIX. Nakuba kunomehluko wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili zokusebenza, zabelana ngezici eziningi eziyisisekelo namafilosofi. Uhlu lozalo lwe-UNIX lube nomthelela ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kweLinux.

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Iliphi ifa lika-Ken Thompson elihlala njalo?

Ifa elihlala njalo lika-Ken Thompson umthelela abe nawo kukhompyutha nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasistimu okusebenza. Umsebenzi wakhe wokudala i-UNIX wabeka isisekelo sezinhlelo eziningi zesimanje zokusebenza esizisebenzisayo namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhaza lakhe olimini lokuhlela lwe-C kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wakamuva wokuthuthukisa i-Plan 9 ne-Go nakho kushiye umthelela omkhulu embonini.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, u-Ken Thompson ungumuntu odumile emhlabeni we-computing, owaziwa ngeqhaza lakhe elibalulekile ekudaleni uhlelo. Isistimu yokusebenza ye-UNIX. Umbono nokukhalipha kwakhe kushiye ifa elihlala njalo eliguqule imboni. Ngokwethula izici ezintsha kanye nokugxila kwakhe ekushintsheni nasekuphathekeni, u-Thompson wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje. Isipiliyoni sakhe, igunya kanye nokwethembeka esihlokweni sikaKen Thompson: UNIX is Born akunakuphikwa, futhi ithonya kwisayensi yekhompyutha isasebenza kuze kube yilolu suku.