Informatec Digital » Ukuphepha » Ukubaluleka Kokuphepha Kwekhompyutha: Ukugcina Ulwazi Lwakho Luphephile
- Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu neyenhlangano ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
- Imfundo ye-Cybersecurity ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa nokuphulwa kwezokuphepha.
- Ukugcina amasistimu esesikhathini samanje nokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni okuhle.
- Ukusabela kwesigameko nokuhambisana nemithetho kubalulekile ekuqineni kwedijithali.
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ulwazi selube yimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu yakho kokubili abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano. Ukuthembela okwandayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke kulethe izinzuzo ezingenakubalwa, kodwa kuphinde kwavula umnyango wezinsongo ezintsha zohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi. Yilapho i- ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni idatha yethu namasistimu. Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha futhi sinikeze ngamasu asebenzayo okuvikela ulwazi lwakho emhlabeni wedijithali. Kusukela emicabangweni eyisisekelo kuye kumasu athuthukile, sizohlola ukuthi ungakuqinisa kanjani ukuzivikela kwakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi futhi ugcine ubumfihlo bakho bunjalo.
Ukubaluleka Kokuphepha Kwekhompyutha: Ukugcina Ulwazi Lwakho Luphephile
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha: Okuyisisekelo nokuhambisana
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kusho isethi yezinyathelo nezinqubo eziklanyelwe ukuvikela amasistimu, amanethiwekhi kanye nedatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ukuhlaselwa kanye nokulimala. Ezweni eliya ngokuya ngedijithali, ukubaluleka kwalo akunakubukelwa phansi.
Izinsongo zeCyber ziguquke kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Okuqale njengamagciwane alula kuguqukele ekuhlaselweni kwe-ransomware okuyinkimbinkimbi, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, kanye nezinsongo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo (APTs). Lokhu kwemvelo kwenze i ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kube okubalulekile kokubili abantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano zabo bonke osayizi.
Umthelela wokwephulwa kwezokuphepha ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Emabhizinisini, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali, ukulimala kwesithunzi kanye nezijeziso ezingokomthetho. Kubantu ngabanye, kungasho ukwebiwa kobunikazi, ukulahlekelwa ukonga kanye nokwephulwa kobumfihlo. Isibonelo, ukuhlasela kwe-WannaCry ransomware ngo-2017 kuthinte amakhompyutha angaphezu kuka-200,000 emazweni angu-150, kwadala umonakalo olinganiselwa kumakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi.
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha akuyona nje inkinga yobuchwepheshe; Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqina kwedijithali emphakathini wethu oxhumene. Njengoba sithembela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha iba ngokugxekayo.
Ukuhlonza ubungozi kanye nokukhubazeka
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisa ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha ukuqonda ubungozi kanye nokuba sengozini esibhekana nakho. Ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuvame kakhulu kufaka:
- Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Isofthiwe enobungozi eklanyelwe ukulimaza noma ukungena kumasistimu.
- Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Imizamo yokuthola ulwazi olubucayi ngokuzenza izinhlangano ezithenjwayo.
- Ukuhlasela okunamandla: Imizamo ephindaphindiwe yokuqagela amagama ayimfihlo.
- Umjovo we-SQL: Ukufaka ikhodi enonya ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu.
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Denial of service (DDoS): Ukulayisha ngokweqile amasistimu ukuze kungenzeki kungafinyeleleki.
Ubungozi bungaba khona noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwekhompuyutha, kusukela kusofthiwe ephelelwe yisikhathi kuya ekucushweni okungalungile kwezokuphepha. Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile buhlanganisa:
- Amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka noma asetshenziswe kabusha
- Ukushoda kokubethela ekudluliselweni kwedatha
- Amasistimu okusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza okungaphrintiwe
- Amaphutha abantu kanye nokuntuleka kokuqwashisa ngokuphepha
Ukuhlola ubungozi, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okuvamile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuskena kokuba sengozini, ukuhlolwa kokungena, nokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yezokuphepha. Ngokuhlonza nokubeka phambili ubungozi, ungakwazi ukwaba izinsiza ngokuphumelelayo ukuze uzinciphise.
Ukusebenzisa Amaphasiwedi Aqinile
Amaphasiwedi awumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Iphasiwedi eqinile kufanele ibe:
- Yinde (izinhlamvu okungenani eziyi-12)
- I-Complex (inhlanganisela yofeleba abancane, izinombolo nezimpawu)
- Ihlukile ku-akhawunti ngayinye
- Kunzima ukuqagela (gwema ulwazi lomuntu siqu olusobala)
Ungawakha futhi uwaphathe kanjani amaphasiwedi aqinile ngaphandle kokusangana? Impendulo ilele kubaphathi bephasiwedi. Lawa mathuluzi akhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo, agcine, futhi agcwalise amaphasiwedi ahlukile nayinkimbinkimbi awo wonke ama-akhawunti akho. Udinga kuphela ukukhumbula iphasiwedi eyodwa eyinhloko ukuze ufinyelele umphathi.
Abanye abaphathi bephasiwedi abadumile bafaka:
- LastPass
- 1Password
- Dashlane
- Bitwarden
Ngaphezu kwamaphasiwedi aqinile, i- ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA) yengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha. Le nqubo idinga indlela yesibili yokuqinisekisa, njengekhodi ethunyelwe kufoni yakho noma isigxivizo somunwe, ngaphezu kwephasiwedi yakho. Ukunika amandla i-2FA kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti abalulekile kungavimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ngisho noma iphasiwedi yakho isengozini.
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Ukubuyekeza kanye namasistimu wokunamathisela
Ukugcina amasistimu akho esesikhathini samanje kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Abakhiqizi be-software bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ezilungisa ubungozi obaziwayo futhi bathuthukise ukuvikeleka kukonke. Ukuziba lezi zibuyekezo kushiya isistimu yakho ichayeke ezinsongweni ebezingavinjelwa kalula.
Ukubaluleka kwezibuyekezo kudlulela kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-ecosystem yakho yedijithali:
- Amasistimu okusebenza (iWindows, macOS, Linux)
- Iziphequluli zewebhu nezandiso
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhiqizayo kanye nesofthiwe ekhethekile
- I-firmware yedivayisi (amarutha, amaphrinta, njll.)
Ukuze wenze inqubo ibe lula, setha izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje zinikeza le nketho. Kodwa-ke, kuma-software abalulekile noma ezindaweni zebhizinisi, kungase kube ukuhlakanipha ukuhlola izibuyekezo endaweni elawulwayo ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa kabanzi.
Isibonelo somthelela wokungabuyekezi ukuhlasela kwe-WannaCry okukhulunywe ngenhla. Le ransomware yaxhaphaza ubungozi ezinhlelweni zeWindows lapho iMicrosoft yayikhiphe khona izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Abaningi bezisulu bebevele bengasisebenzisi isibuyekezo.
Ukusebenzisa i-antivirus kanye nesofthiwe ye-antimalware
I-antivirus kanye nesofthiwe ye-antimalware isebenza njengesivikelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsongo ze-cyber. Lawa mathuluzi enza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:
- Ukutholwa nokususwa kwamagciwane, ama-trojan, izikelemu nezinye izinhlobo ze-malware.
- Ukuskena ngesikhathi sangempela kwamafayela nokulandiwe.
- Ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi namawebhusayithi anonya.
- Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha ukuze kutholakale izinsongo ezingaziwa.
Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokuvikela, cabangela izici ezifana nalezi:
- Amazinga okutholwa kosongo
- Umthelela ekusebenzeni kwesistimu
- Virus database update frequency
- Izici ezengeziwe (i-firewall, isilawuli sabazali, i-VPN)
Kubalulekile ukumisa isofthiwe yakho yezokuphepha ngendlela efanele futhi uyigcine ibuyekeziwe. Hlela ukuskena okujwayelekile kwesistimu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukuvikela kwesikhathi sangempela kuhlala kuvuliwe.
Khumbula ukuthi isofthiwe ye-antivirus ayinaphutha. Kufanele kube yingxenye yesu elibanzi lokuvikela elihlanganisa izinqubo zokuphequlula eziphephile nengqondo evamile.
Ukuphequlula okuphephile nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo be-inthanethi
Ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kuqala ngemikhuba yokuphequlula enesibopho. Nansi imikhuba ebalulekile:
- Sebenzisa i-HTTPS: Qiniseka ukuthi ama-URL amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo aqala ngokuthi “https://” esikhundleni sokuthi “http://.” U-“s” ubonisa ukuxhumana okuphephile, okubethelwe.
- Sebenzisa i-VPN: Amanethiwekhi Ayimfihlo Abonakalayo (ama-VPN) abethela ithrafikhi yakho ye-inthanethi futhi afihle ikheli lakho le-IP langempela, anikeze ukungaziwa nokuphepha, ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-Fi.
- Lungiselela ubumfihlo kumanethiwekhi omphakathi: Buyekeza futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zobumfihlo kuma-akhawunti akho enkundla yezokuxhumana ukuze ulawule ukuthi ubani ongabona ulwazi lwakho.
- Sebenzisa ukuphequlula okuyimfihlo: Izindlela ze-Incognito noma eziyimfihlo kuziphequluli zivimbela amakhukhi nomlando ekulondolozweni endaweni.
- Qaphela ngezimvume zohlelo lokusebenza: Buyekeza ngokucophelela izimvume ezicelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza futhi uzikhawulele kulokho okudingeka kakhulu.
Ithuluzi eliwusizo lobumfihlo be-inthanethi i-ad blocker. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lokuphequlula, lokhu kungavimbela ukulandelela futhi kuvimbe imibhalo engalungile.
Ubuwazi ukuthi u-68% wabasebenzisi be-inthanethi bahlangabezane nohlobo oluthile lobuxhwanguxhwangu be-inthanethi noma ukuhlaselwa kobumfihlo ku-inthanethi? Ukuvikela ubumfihlo bakho akuyona nje indaba yokuphepha, kodwa futhi nempilo yedijithali.
Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi
Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ayizindawo zokungena ezivamile zokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuxhumana kwakho okungenantambo:
- Vikela inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya:
- Shintsha iphasiwedi ezenzakalelayo yomzila.
- Sebenzisa i-WPA3 (noma i-WPA2 uma i-WPA3 ingatholakali) ukuze ubhale ngemfihlo.
- Fihla i-SSID yenethiwekhi yakho ukuze uyenze ingabonakali.
- Qaphela amanethiwekhi omphakathi:
- Gwema ukufinyelela ulwazi olubucayi ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi.
- Sebenzisa i-VPN uma uxhuma ukuvula amanethiwekhi.
- Khubaza ukuxhumeka okuzenzakalelayo kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi.
- Buyekeza i-firmware yomzila wakho: Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhipha izibuyekezo ezilungisa ubungozi.
- Setha i-firewall: Kokubili ezingeni lerutha nakumadivayisi akho ukuze uhlunge ithrafikhi engadingeki.
Vula amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ayingozi kakhulu. Umhlaseli kunethiwekhi efanayo angavimba kalula ithrafikhi engabhaliwe, enze ukuhlasela komuntu phakathi nendawo. Hlala ucabanga ukuthi othile angase abe inhloli kunethiwekhi yomphakathi futhi enze ngokufanele.
Isipele nokutholwa kwedatha
Ukulahleka kwedatha kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene: ukwehluleka kwehadiwe, ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi, iphutha lomuntu, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo. Isu eliyisipele eliqinile liwumugqa wakho wokugcina wokuzivikela ekulahlekeni kwedatha unomphela.
Umthetho we-3-2-1 ungumhlahlandlela omuhle wama-backups:
- 3 amakhophi edatha yakho
- 2 izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya yokugcina
- 1 ikhophi ngaphandle kwesayithi
Isibonelo, ungase ube:
- Idatha yasekuqaleni kukhompuyutha yakho
- Ikhophi kusigcinalwazi sangaphandle
- Enye ikhophi kusevisi yokugcina ifu
Uma ukhetha phakathi kwamafu nesitoreji sendawo, cabanga:
Isitoreji samafu:
- Izinzuzo: Ukufinyeleleka, ukuvumelanisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuvikelwa ezinhlekeleleni zendawo.
- Ukungalungi: Ukuncika ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi, ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo.
isitoreji sasendaweni:
- Izinzuzo: Ukulawula okuphelele, ukufinyelela okusheshayo, azikho izindleko eziqhubekayo.
- Ukungalungi: Ukuba sengozini yokulimala ngokomzimba, ukweba, noma izinhlekelele zendawo.
Okuhle ukuhlanganisa zombili izindlela zokuvikela okuphezulu.
Okubaluleke njengokwenza izipele kuwukuhlola njalo inqubo yokutakula. Qiniseka ukuthi ungakwazi ukubuyisela idatha yakho ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokuthi uyidinga ngempela.
Imfundo nokuqwashisa ngeCybersecurity
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha akuwona nje umthwalo wemfanelo womnyango we-IT; Kungumzamo ohlangene odinga ukubamba iqhaza kwabo bonke abasebenzisi. Imfundo nokuqwashisa kubalulekile ekudaleni isiko eliqinile lokuphepha.
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuqwashisa nge-cybersecurity zihlanganisa:
- ukuqeqeshwa njalo: Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile zabasebenzi nabasebenzisi mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva nezinqubo ezihamba phambili.
- Ukulingisa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo ukusiza abasebenzisi ukukhomba nokubika imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.
- Sula izinqubomgomo: Sungula futhi uxhumane nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqondakala kuwo wonke amalungu enhlangano.
- Ukuvuselelwa njalo: Gcina abasebenzisi benolwazi mayelana nezinsongo ezintsha nezindlela zokuvikela.
- Izinzuzo: Vuza ukuziphatha okuphephile nokubika izigameko ezisolisayo.
Indawo ebalulekile okugxilwe kuyo wukubona ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nemikhonyovu eku-inthanethi. Ifundisa abasebenzisi ukubona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuphuthuma okungathetheleleki emilayezweni
- Izicelo zolwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwezezimali
- Amaphutha olimi nesipelingi
- Ama-URL nezizinda asolisayo
- Abathumeli abangaziwa noma abangalindelekile
Ukudala isiko lokuphepha kudlula nje ukudlulisa ulwazi. Imayelana nokushintsha indlela yokuziphatha nezimo zengqondo ngokuvikeleka kwekhompyutha. Uma ilungu ngalinye lenhlangano liqonda indima yalo ekuvikeleni ulwazi, izinga eliphelele lokuphepha liyathuthuka kakhulu.
Impendulo yesigameko kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo
Naphezu kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezingcono kakhulu, izigameko zokuphepha zingenzeka. Ukuba nohlelo lokuphendula isigameko oluchazwe kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo kanye nokululama ngokushesha.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuphendula isigameko luhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ukulungiselela: Yakha izinqubomgomo, yabela izindima kanye nezibopho, futhi umise izinqubo zokuxhumana.
- I-ID: Thola ngokushesha futhi uhlole uhlobo nobubanzi besigameko.
- Ukuqukethwe: Hlukanisa amasistimu athintekile ukuze uvimbele ukusakazeka okwengeziwe.
- Ukuqedwa: Susa usongo futhi uvale ubungozi obuxhashaziwe.
- Ukubuyisela: Buyisela amasistimu nedatha esimweni sokusebenza esiphephile.
- Izifundo ezifundiwe: Hlaziya isigameko ukuze uthuthukise ukuzivikela esikhathini esizayo.
Kubalulekile ukuzilolonga njalo futhi wenze ngcono uhlelo lwakho lokuphendula ngesigameko. Cabangela ukwenza izivivinyo ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwakho kanye nokulungela kwethimba lakho.
Ezinye izici ezibalulekile zohlelo oluhle lwezimo eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa:
- Uhlu Lokuthintana Nezimo Eziphuthumayo
- Izinqubo zokukhuphuka
- Izifanekiso zokuxhumana zezimo ezahlukene
- Imihlahlandlela yezinyathelo ngezinyathelo ezimweni ezivamile (isb. ukutheleleka nge-malware, ukuvuza kwedatha)
- Uhlelo lokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi
Khumbula ukuthi ukubeka izinto obala kanye nokuxhumana okufika ngesikhathi nabathintekayo (amakhasimende, abasebenzi, abalawuli) kubalulekile ngesikhathi sesigameko sokuphepha.
Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha
Isimo se-cybersecurity sishintsha njalo. Amanye amathrendi asafufusa azobumba ikusasa le-cybersecurity afaka:
- I-Artificial Intelligence kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini:
- Ukutholwa kwezinsongo ezithuthukile ngokusekelwe emaphethini okuziphatha
- Impendulo Yesigameko Esizenzakalelayo
- Ukubikezela ubungozi besikhathi esizayo
- I-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT):
- Izinselele zokuphepha kumadivayisi axhunyiwe
- Isidingo samazinga okuphepha e-IoT
- Ukuvikela ubumfihlo ezindaweni ezihlakaniphile
- I-Quantum Computing kanye ne-cryptography:
- I-Zero Trust Security:
- Ihambisa imodeli yokuphepha ye-perimeter ekuqinisekiseni okuqhubekayo
- Ukuqinisekisa okungaguquki nokugunyazwa kwabo bonke abasebenzisi namadivayisi
- ukuphepha kwamafu:
- Ukuvikela idatha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni ezinamafu amaningi
- I-Cloud Identity kanye Nokuphathwa Kokufinyelela
- Ukuthobela imithetho kungqalasizinda yamafu
Lawa mathrendi agcizelela isidingo sokuzijwayeza ngokuqhubekayo kumasu okuphepha ku-inthanethi. Izinhlangano nabantu ngabanye kumele bahlale benolwazi futhi beshesha ukuhlangabezana nezinselele zokuphepha zesikhathi esizayo.
Uhlaka lwezomthetho nokuhambisana nokulawula
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha akuyona nje inkinga yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kungokomthetho. Imithetho nemigomo eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe ibusa ukuvikelwa kwedatha kanye nokuvikeleka kolwazi. Ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- I-GDPR (Umthethonqubo Wokuvikelwa Kwemininingwane Jikelele):
- Isebenza e-European Union
- Ilawula ukuqoqwa, ukucubungula nokugcinwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu
- Isungula amalungelo abantu ngabanye ngedatha yabo
- I-CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act):
- Ifana ne-GDPR kodwa isebenza e-California, e-USA.
- Inikeza abathengi ukulawula idatha yabo yomuntu siqu
- I-HIPAA (Umthetho Wokuphatheka Komshuwalense Wezempilo kanye Nokuziphendulela):
- I-US Health Data Protection Standard
- Isungula izidingo zokuphepha nezimfihlo zolwazi lwezokwelapha
- I-PCI DSS (Izinga Lokuvikeleka Kwedatha Yemboni Yekhadi Lokukhokha):
- Izinga lomhlaba jikelele lokuphepha kwedatha yekhadi lokukhokha
- Isebenza kuwo wonke amabhizinisi acubungula, agcina noma adlulise idatha yekhadi
Ukuhambisana nale mithethonqubo akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho, kodwa futhi kuwumkhuba omuhle wokuvikela. Izinhlangano kufanele:
- Sebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zobuchwepheshe kanye nenhlangano
- Yenza ukuhlola komthelela wobumfihlo
- Gcina amarekhodi emisebenzi yokucubungula idatha
- Bika ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha kuziphathimandla nezinhlaka ezithintekayo
Ukungathobeli kungaholela ezijezisweni ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, izinhlawulo zokwephulwa kwe-GDPR zingafinyelela ku-4% wemali engenayo yonyaka yenkampani yomhlaba wonke noma ama-€20 wezigidi, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi okukhulu.
Ukuphepha Kwekhompyutha
Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kuyinsika ebalulekile emphakathini wethu wedijithali. Ihlanganisa iqoqo lezinyathelo, izinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ukuvikela ubuqotho, ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kanye nokutholakala kolwazi ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha kanye namanethiwekhi.
Emgogodleni wayo, ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha kuhlose ukuvikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsongo, ezihlanganisa:
- Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha (amagciwane, ama-trojan, i-ransomware)
- Ukuhlaselwa kobunjiniyela bomphakathi (ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukukhohlisa)
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Denial of service (DDoS).
- Ukungena okungagunyaziwe
- ukwebiwa kwedatha
La ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha ilele emandleni ayo:
- Vikela ulwazi olubucayi kanye nolwazi lomuntu siqu
- Ukugcina ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi
- Ukugcina isithunzi sabantu ngabanye nezinhlangano
- Ukuthobela izimfuneko zomthetho nezokulawula
- Ukwakha ukwethenjwa kokwenziwa kwedijithali
Emhlabeni lapho idatha ibhekwa "njengowoyela omusha," isebenza njengomnakekeli walo mthombo obalulekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-cybersecurity akuwona umkhiqizo wesikhathi esisodwa noma isixazululo, kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo edinga ukunakwa njalo nokuzivumelanisa nezinsongo ezivelayo.
