Ulimi Lwe-elekthronikhi Ekuhlaziyweni Kwezimboni

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Cishe wake wazibuza ngesinye isikhathi ukuthi imishini ingakunambitha yini ukudla noma isiphuzo njengathi. Nokho, ulimi lwe-elekthronikhi luyilokho kanye: uhlelo lokuhlaziya olusezingeni eliphezulu oluhlukanisa ukwakheka koketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezithuthuke kakhulu. Ezinkampanini, lokhu akuyona nje ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyisisombululo esiphazamisayo nesisebenzayo esizivumela ukuthi zihlanganise ukuhlaziywa kwezinzwa ngqo emgqeni wokuhlanganisa ngokunemba okumangalisayo.

Umqondo oyisisekelo uwukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa kube kwedijithali njalo. Kungani? Ukuze abaphathi nabaphathi bezitshalo bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela, hhayi "ekutheni kunambitheka kahle." Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi aqondile, izinkampani zingathuthukisa ukulawulwa kwazo kwekhwalithi , zisuse amaphutha ajwayelekile abantu futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kuyinto eqhubekayo, hhayi indaba yenhlanhla.

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Iyini ngempela le divayisi?

Ngokuyisisekelo, sikhuluma ngethuluzi lobuchwepheshe elenzelwe ukuhlukanisa izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zoketshezi . Ukusebenza kwalo kuyikhophi yekhabhoni yesistimu yezinto eziphilayo yomuntu: ngenkathi sinezinzwa zokunambitha ezisabela ezingxubeni, le divayisi isebenzisa ama-electrode enza okufanayo. Into ethakazelisayo ukuthi ezweni lezinongo, le divayisi ayigxili ezingxenyeni ezihlukanisiwe, kodwa kunalokho idala umunwe oyingqayizivele noqondile wesampula.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwazo kwansuku zonke kube ngokwejwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthembela ekutheni umuntu ozwayo emsebenzini ulale kabi noma unolimi olungasebenzi kahle. Ithimba liguqula ulwazi lwamakhemikhali lube idatha yedijithali ehlelekile , okuvumela yonke inqubo ukuthi iphathwe ku-inthanethi futhi isebenze kahle kakhulu.

Ukusebenza kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo embonini

Ukuze lolu hlelo lusetshenziswe endaweni yenkampani, kumele lulandele uchungechunge lwezigaba eziqinile kakhulu. Okokuqala kuza i -sensor array , lapho ama-electrode amasha esebenzisana khona noketshezi futhi aqophe khona manjalo izinguquko zamakhemikhali. Bese kuza ukuguqulwa kwesignali , lapho i-hardware ihumusha khona lokhu kusabela kwama-molecule kube yiziphazamiso zikagesi ezingabe sezihlolwa.

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Umlingo wenzeka esigabeni sesithathu ngokuqashelwa kwephethini . Yilapho i-Artificial Intelligence , i-Principal Component Analysis (PCA), kanye namanethiwekhi e-neural zingena khona ukuqhathanisa izigxivizo zeminwe ezitholiwe nezizindalwazi eziqinisekisiwe kakade. Okokugcina, kukhona ukuqeqeshwa kohlelo . Ngokungafani nomuntu, umshini "awuvivinyi" injabulo, kodwa udinga ukulinganiswa ngokusekelwe kuma-algorithms ezibalo ayinkimbinkimbi , ngoba, ngenhlanhla, awunazo izithiyo ezingokomzwelo.

Izicelo ezisebenzayo kanye nokusebenziseka kwamanje

Namuhla, lawa "ma-nambitheka okwenziwa" anezinhlelo eziningi embonini eyahlukahlukene yamazwe ngamazwe. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukulawula ikhwalithi ekudleni , ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqwaba ngayinye yesiphuzo inambitheka ngendlela efanayo neyedlule. Futhi ibalulekile ekutholeni ukukhwabanisa nokuthembeka , okukuvumela ukuthi wazi ngokushesha ukuthi uju, iwayini, noma iwayini elikhazimulayo lixutshwe yini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukusha komkhiqizo kanye nokonakala kwawo , zihlola isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokho okufinyelela kumthengi kusesimweni esihle kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kudlulela ngale kokudla, njengoba kuhlanganisa nokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha , ukuhlaziya uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo ukuze kutholakale izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu. Futhi-ke, umkhuba uwukuletha lobu buchwepheshe kumarobhothi kanye nokuzenzakalela , ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa ngqo emigqeni yokukhiqiza.

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Izibonelo zangempela kanye nentuthuko yezemfundo

Ezinye izikhungo sezivele zikhiqiza ama-prototypes anembile kakhulu. E- Penn State , isibonelo, badale imodeli esekelwe ku-graphene kanye ne-AI ekwazi ukubona izimpawu zokonakala ekudleni. Okwamanje, i-IBM Hypertaste ithuthukise ithuluzi eliphathekayo eliqeda isidingo sokuthumela amasampula emalabhorethri abizayo, okwenza yonke inqubo ibe lula.

Le nkinga nayo iyaxazululwa eSpain. I -Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) ikwazile ukuthola uju oluxutshwe ngehora elilodwa nje, ilwa nokuncintisana okungafanele. Ngokufanayo, i -Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) kanye namanye amaqembu bagxile emikhiqizweni efana nobhiya, i-cava, ne-saffron, bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo futhi baze balinganisele nokuqukethwe kotshwala ngokunemba okumangalisayo.

Umehluko phakathi kolimi lwe-elekthronikhi nekhala

Kuvamile ukubadida ngoba bobabili balingisa izinzwa zebhayoloji, kodwa banezindima ezihlukene kakhulu. Ulimi lwe-elekthronikhi lugxila kuphela ekuhloleni amakhemikhali ancibilikisiwe , kulingisa umuzwa wokunambitha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ikhala le-elekthronikhi lihlaziya izinhlayiya eziguquguqukayo ezintanta emoyeni; ngamanye amazwi, libangela umuzwa wokuhogela.

Intuthuko ethakazelisa kakhulu yenzeka lapho izinkampani zihlanganisa zombili ubuchwepheshe . Ngokuhlanganisa ikhono lokuhlaziya iphunga nokunambitheka ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe bathola amaphrofayili okuhlaziya aphelele, okuphakamisa amazinga okukhiqiza ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

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Akuzona zonke izilimi ze-elekthronikhi ezidalwe zilingana. Abacwaningi e- Unicamp bahlola i-impedance spectroscopy, elinganisa impendulo yesistimu kugesi oshintshashintshayo. Le ndlela idala iphethini ehlukile yezimpendulo zikagesi , esebenza njengeminwe yesiphuzo, futhi iwusizo kakhulu ngoba ayidingi amazinga okubhekisela, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise izindleko nesikhathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinhlelo ezifana ne-ASTREE, esebenzisa izinzwa ze-ChemFET liquid kanye nokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity . Le divayisi iyakwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwenani, ihlukanise amasampula ngokuya ngamandla ezimpawu ezifana nosawoti, i-acidity, noma i-umami . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-injector yayo ezenzakalelayo, ingacubungula isampula njalo ngemizuzu emithathu, okwenza kube yindlela efanelekile esikhundleni samaphaneli ezinzwa zabantu ekuhlolweni okuvamile.

Gxila embonini yobisi kanye ne-bioelectronics

Umkhakha wobisi uthole ukunakwa okukhethekile ngokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi ze-bioelectronic . Lezi zilimi zisebenzisa ama-nanomaterials kanye nama-enzyme bioreceptors ukuthola ama-compounds abalulekile nokulwa nokungcoliswa kobisi oluwuketshezi. Umgomo ukuhlanganisa lezi zinzwa kumanethiwekhi angasebenza ngqo emigqeni yokukhiqiza, ngokuvumelana nezimiso ze -Industry 4.0.

Lawa mathuluzi athuthukisa ukuzwela nokukhetha kokuhlaziywa, esebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo ukuze axhumanise idatha namasu endabuko. Ekugcineni, umgomo ukwenza imboni yobisi ibe nokuncintisana kakhudlwana futhi iqhubeke, okuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sangempela.

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Izinzuzo, izinselele kanye nendlela eya esikhathini esizayo

Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi umshini awukhathali futhi ungahlola izinto eziyingozi ngaphandle kokubeka noma yibaphi abasebenzi engozini. Kodwa-ke, akulula konke; ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kuyabiza futhi kudinga ukuhlela ama-algorithm athile nokudala izizindalwazi zokubhekisela eziqinile kakhulu, okuthatha isikhathi.

Uma sibheka phambili, umkhuba ubheke ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi okuphelele kanye nokuphatheka kalula okukhulu. Sizobona amadivayisi ashibhile kanye namapulatifomu okugcina izinto aphakathi lapho izinto eziguquguqukayo zokunambitheka zihlangana khona. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe- AI nezinhlelo zezinzwa kuthembisa inguquko yezimboni ezovikela impilo yomphakathi futhi iqinisekise ikhwalithi ephelele emikhiqizweni yabathengi.

Lobu buchwepheshe buzibeka njengebhuloho eliqondile phakathi kwe-chemistry yokuhlaziya kanye nokwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi, okuvumela ukungakhethi kwedijithali ukuthi kuthathe indawo yokuzikhethela komuntu ekulawuleni ikhwalithi, kuthuthukisa konke kusukela ekutholeni ukungcola kumajusi kuya ekuhlanzekeni kobisi, konke kuhlanganiswe kumapulatifomu okukhiqiza ahlakaniphile nasebenzayo.