Umehluko phakathi komklami kanye nonjiniyela

Informatec Digital » Izihloko » Umehluko phakathi komklami kanye nonjiniyela

Siyakwamukela kulesi sihloko esikhuluma ngomehluko phakathi komhleli kanye nonjiniyela! Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindima ezimbili emkhakheni we-IT, ufike endaweni efanele. Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izibopho, amakhono, nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze ube umhleli noma umthuthukisi, futhi sihlukanise umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zikhundla ezimbili.

Umehluko phakathi komklami kanye nonjiniyela

Ngaphambi kokuba singene emininingwaneni, kubalulekile ukuqonda umongo wegama ngalinye. Nakuba livame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, elithi " programmer " kanye nelithi "developer" akuwona amagama afanayo ncamashi. Ngezansi umbono ophelele wegama ngalinye:

Umhleli

Umklami, ngokuvamile, uzinikele ekubhaleni ikhodi nokudala izinhlelo zesofthiwe. Uyingcweti olimini olulodwa noma eziningi zokuhlela futhi ugxile ekusebenziseni izisombululo zobuchwepheshe ezisuselwa kuzidingo kanye nemininingwane enikeziwe. Abahleli bezinhlelo babalulekile ekuhumusheni imiqondo engabonakali ibe imiyalo enekhodi amakhompyutha angayiqonda futhi ayenze.

Unjiniyela

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthuthukisi uyingcweti ebamba iqhaza kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ngaphezu kwekhodi yokubhala, abathuthukisi bayabandakanyeka ekuhleleni, ekuklameni, ekusebenziseni nasekugcineni izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqonda izidingo zamakhasimende, ukusebenzisana namanye amalungu eqembu, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi nokusebenza.

Manje njengoba sesakhe isisekelo esiqinile, ake singene singene ekwehlukeni okubalulekile phakathi komklami wohlelo kanye nonjiniyela.

Izibopho nemisebenzi

Ububanzi bomsebenzi womhleli kanye nonjiniyela unokugqagqana okuthile, kodwa futhi bayahluka emisebenzini ethile nemisebenzi abayenzayo. Nasi isiqhathaniso esinemininingwane:

Umhleli

• Bhala ikhodi: Umsebenzi oyinhloko womklami ukubhala ikhodi yekhwalithi ephezulu esebenzisa izilimi zokuhlela ezithile. Igxila kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe.
• Ukuxazululwa kwenkinga: Abahleli bezinhlelo babhekene nezinselelo zobuchwepheshe futhi kudingeka baxazulule izinkinga ngendlela ephumelelayo nangempumelelo. Banamakhono aqinile okuhlaziya futhi bangathola izixazululo ngokususa iphutha nokucwaninga.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwemojuli: Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, abahleli bangasebenzela ekuthuthukiseni amamojula ngamanye noma izingxenye zesoftware, ezihlanganiswa ukwenza isicelo esiphelele.

Unjiniyela

• Ukuhlela nokuklama: Onjiniyela bahileleke esigabeni sokuqala senqubo yokuthuthukiswa, ukusebenzisana namakhasimende namanye amalungu eqembu ukuze baqonde izidingo futhi baklame ukwakheka kwesofthiwe.
• Ukusebenzisa kanye nokubhala ikhodi: Nakuba bebhala nekhodi, abathuthukisi abagxili kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi bacabangele ukulinganisa, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokugcinwa kwesofthiwe.
• Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha: Onjiniyela banesibopho sokwenza ukuhlola okubanzi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi isofthiwe isebenza kahle futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi. Baphinde balungise iziphazamisi nezinkinga zokususa iphutha ezitholwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukisa.

Njengoba singabona, abahleli bezinhlelo bagxile kakhulu ekubhaleni ikhodi, kuyilapho abathuthukisi benombono obanzi womjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Manje, ake sihlole amakhono adingekayo kulowo nalowo.

Amakhono adingekayo

Amakhono adingekayo ukuze ube umklami noma umthuthukisi afana kakhulu, kodwa futhi kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Ngezansi ukubukezwa kwamakhono adingekayo endimeni ngayinye:

Umhleli

• Ulwazi lwezilimi zokuhlela: Abahleli bohlelo kumele babe nomyalo oqinile wolimi olulodwa noma eziningi zokuhlela, njengePython, Java, C++, JavaScript, phakathi kwezinye. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi babhale ikhodi ephumelelayo nesebenzayo.
• Okunengqondo nokuxazulula izinkinga: Abahleli bohlelo kumele babe namakhono aqinile okunengqondo futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ngendlela ehlelekile. Kumelwe bakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izixazululo ezilawulekayo.
• Ikhono lezibalo: Nakuba kungabalulekile, ulwazi oluhle lwezibalo lungaba yinzuzo kubahleli bohlelo, ikakhulukazi lapho besebenza emikhakheni efana nesayensi yedatha noma uhlelo lwezithombe.

Unjiniyela

• Ulwazi lwezilimi namathuluzi okuthuthukisa: Njengabahleli bohlelo, abathuthukisi kumele babe nolwazi olujulile lwezilimi zokuhlela ezifanele. Ukwengeza, kufanele bajwayele amathuluzi okuthuthukisa kanye nezinhlaka ezifana ne-Git, i-Docker, I-Laravel, React, njll.
• Amakhono Okuklama Isofthiwe: Onjiniyela kufanele babe nokuqonda okuqinile kwezimiso zokuklama isofthiwe futhi bakwazi ukwakha izakhiwo ezilinganisekayo nezisebenza kahle.
• Ukuxhumana nokusebenza kwethimba: Njengoba abathuthukisi besebenza eduze namanye amalungu eqembu, kufanele babe namakhono amahle okuxhumana futhi bakwazi ukusebenza njengeqembu.

Ngamafuphi, abahleli bohlelo bagxile kakhulu ekhodini yokubhala futhi kumele babe namakhono aqinile wezobuchwepheshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathuthukisi banombono obanzi wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe futhi kufanele bakwazi ukubhekana nezici ezingaphezu kokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe.

Umehluko ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa

Ngaphezu kwezibopho namakhono, inqubo yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ingahluka kuye ngokuthi ungumfundi noma umthuthukisi. Nakhu okunye okuhlukile okufanele kucatshangelwe:

Umhleli

• Abahleli bavame ukusebenza kumaphrojekthi amancane noma bagxile emisebenzini eqondile ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi enkulu.
• Agxile kakhulu ekubhaleni amakhodi nokuxazulula izinselelo zobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile basebenza eduze nethimba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa.
• Abahleli bangalandela indlela yokuthuthukisa eshesha kakhulu, njengeScrum noma i-Kanban, ukuze balandelele umsebenzi wabo futhi bahlale behambisana nezinhloso zephrojekthi.

Unjiniyela

• Onjiniyela bavamise ukubamba iqhaza kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, kusukela ekuhleleni nasekuklanyweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni nasekulungisweni.
• Basebenza kumaphrojekthi amakhulu futhi basebenzisane eduze namanye amalungu eqembu njengabahlaziyi bebhizinisi, abaklami be-UX/UI, nabahloli be-QA.
• Onjiniyela bangase balandele izindlela zokuthuthukisa ezifana ne-DevOps, lapho ukubambisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamaqembu okuthuthukisa nokusebenza kugcizelelwa.

Ngamafuphi, abahleli bezinhlelo bavame ukugxila emisebenzini eqondile yokubhala amakhodi kumaphrojekthi amancane, kuyilapho abathuthukisi bebambe iqhaza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukisa kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Kudingeka imfundo nolwazi

Bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi badinga isisekelo esiqinile solwazi lobuchwepheshe nolwazi olusebenzayo emkhakheni wekhompyutha. Nokho, okulindelweyo nezimfuneko zingahluka kuye ngokuthi isikhundla. Ngezansi kukhona okubalulekile okucatshangelwayo:

Umhleli

• Ukuze ube umhleli wezinhlelo, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olujulile lolimi olulodwa noma eziningi zokuhlela. Lokhu kungatholwa ngezinhlelo zemfundo ezisemthethweni, njengeziqu zasekolishi kusayensi yekhompiyutha noma izifundo eziku-inthanethi nezifundiswa.
• Ngaphezu kwemfundo, abaqashi bavame ukukwazisa ikhodi yokubhala yesipiliyoni esisebenzayo. Amaphrojekthi womuntu siqu, iminikelo kumaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile, noma ama-internship izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa amakhono kanye nokukhombisa ikhono.

Unjiniyela

• Ukuze ube unjiniyela, kuyazuzisa ukuba neziqu zasekolishi kusayensi yekhompiyutha, ubunjiniyela besoftware, noma inkambu ehlobene. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile solwazi lwethiyori nolusebenzayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware.
• Okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi kuyisici esibalulekile konjiniyela. Ama-Internship, amaphrojekthi amakhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware, nokubamba iqhaza emaqenjini okuthuthukisa kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthola ulwazi kanye nokukhombisa amakhono.

Ekugcineni, bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi bangaphumelela ngaphandle kweziqu ezisemthethweni zasekolishi, inqobo nje uma benamakhono adingekayo nolwazi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuqonda okuqinile kwemiqondo eyisisekelo futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva emkhakheni oguqukayo njalo.

Amathemba emisebenzi kanye nesidingo semakethe

Umkhakha we-IT usalokhu ungomunye wemikhakha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ekhulayo namuhla. Bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi badingeka kakhulu futhi banikeza amathemba emisebenzi athembisayo. Ngezansi kukhona okucatshangelwayo mayelana nokubukeka kwemakethe kanye nesidingo:

• Umhleli: Abahleli babalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kanye nokusebenza kwe-IT kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Isidingo sihlala siphezulu ngenxa yesidingo esiqhubekayo sokuthuthukisa nokugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza namasistimu ekhompyutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufundwa kwemishini, kanye nesayensi yedatha kuqhubekisele phambili ukwanda kwesidingo sabahleli bezinhlelo kule mikhakha ekhethekile.
• Unjiniyela: Onjiniyela banemibono ebanzi nakakhulu njengoba isethi yabo yamakhono idlula ukubhala ikhodi. Ukuthembela okwandayo kubuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izici zempilo nebhizinisi kukhuphule isidingo sabathuthukisi bezinhlelo zesoftware abanekhono eliphezulu. Ukwengeza, onjiniyela abanolwazi emikhakheni ethile, njengokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, ukuthuthukiswa kweselula, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu, bangathola amathuba engeziwe ezimbonini ezikhethekile.

Sekukonke, bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi bangalindela imakethe yemisebenzi evumayo enamathuba amaningi omsebenzi. Ukhiye wokusebenzisa lawa mathuba ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi nobuchwepheshe bakamuva emkhakheni we-IT.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo

Ngezansi eminye imibuzo evamise ukubuzwa mayelana nomehluko phakathi komenzi wezinhlelo nonjiniyela, kanye nezimpendulo ezicacile nezimfushane:

1. Uyini umehluko phakathi komklami kanye nonjiniyela?

Umehluko omkhulu usezindleleni nasezibophezelweni. Umhleli ugxile ekubhalweni kwekhodi nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho unjiniyela ehilelekile kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekulungisweni.

2. Yimaphi amakhono adingekayo ukuze ube umhleli?

Ukuze ube umhleli, udinga ukuba nolwazi oluhle lolimi olulodwa noma eziningi zokuhlela, amakhono okuhlaziya, nekhono eliqinile lezibalo.

3. Yimaphi amakhono adingekayo ukuze ube umthuthukisi?

Ngaphezu kokuba nolwazi olujulile lwezilimi zokuhlela, abathuthukisi badinga amakhono okuklama isofthiwe, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kanye nekhono lokusebenza eqenjini.

4. Ingabe idigri yasekolishi iyadingeka ukuze ube umhleli noma umthuthukisi?

Nakuba iziqu zasekolishi kusayensi yekhompyutha noma izinkambu ezihlobene zingase zibe nenzuzo, akuyona imfuneko eqinile. Ulwazi olusebenzayo kanye nokuboniswa kwamakhono kubaluleke ngokufanayo.

5. Siyini isidingo somsebenzi sabahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi?

Bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi badingeka kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokuncika kubuchwepheshe emikhakheni eyahlukene. Isidingo sinamandla ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhethekile njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufunda ngomshini nesayensi yedatha.

6. Yimaphi amathuba okukhula kochwepheshe akhona kubahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi?

Amathuba okukhula kwemisebenzi abanzi futhi asukela ezindimeni zobuholi bezobuchwepheshe kuye kokukhethekile emikhakheni ethile njengokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, ukuthuthukiswa kweselula, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, nakuba amagama athi “umklami wezinhlelo” kanye “nonjiniyela” evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zindima ezimbili. Umhleli ugxile ekubhaleni ikhodi nasekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho umthuthukisi enombono obanzi wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe futhi uhileleke kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo.

Amakhono adingekayo, izibopho, kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukisa iyahluka phakathi kwabahleli bohlelo nabathuthukisi. Nokho, bobabili abahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi banamathuba aqinile emisebenzi futhi badingeka kakhulu emakethe yemisebenzi yanamuhla.

Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko siwucacise umehluko phakathi komhleli kanye nonjiniyela, futhi sinikeze ulwazi olubalulekile kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuphishekela umsebenzi emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompyutha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukuba umhleli noma umthuthukisi, qiniseka ukuthi uthola amakhono adingekayo, uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva nobuchwepheshe, futhi ubheke amathuba okukhula nokuthuthuka kochwepheshe.

Khumbula ukuthi umkhakha wesayensi yamakhompiyutha uyashintshashintsha futhi uhlala uvela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva futhi uqhubeke nokufunda kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakho. Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe lisezandleni zakho!