Konke mayelana ne-OLAP: ukuthi iyini nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele

Ikhava » Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha » Konke mayelana ne-OLAP: ukuthi iyini nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele

Ukucubungula kokuhlaziya ku-inthanethi, eyaziwa ngesifinyezo salo ngesiNgisi ngokuthi OLAP (Online Analytical Processing), iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo emhlabeni wobuhlakani bebhizinisi nokuhlaziya idatha. Uma ubheke ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kumthamo omkhulu wedatha, le sistimu ingaba umngane wakho omkhulu. Nakuba igama layo lobuchwepheshe lingase libonakale liyinkimbinkimbi, umqondo we-OLAP uyafinyeleleka futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni izinkampani eziqonda ngayo nokusebenzisa idatha yazo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi iyini i-OLAP, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ziyini izinhlelo zayo eziyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizocubungula izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinhlelo ze-OLAP, izingxenye zazo ezibalulekile, kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani zibe ucezu olubalulekile lwamabhizinisi esimanje.

Iyini i-OLAP futhi isetshenziselwa ini?

I-OLAP ubuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha obuklanyelwe ukuhlaziya idatha ngemibono eminingi.. Ngokuyisisekelo, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuze, bahlaziye futhi babone ngeso lengqondo imiqulu emikhulu yedatha ngokushesha futhi kalula. Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yokufunda futhi luwusizo ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yezobunhloli bebhizinisi njengokuhlaziywa kwethrendi, isibikezelo sokuthengisa, ukuhlela isabelomali, nokubika ngezezimali.

Okwenza i-OLAP ihluke kwamanye amasistimu ukuthi ihlela idatha ngaphakathi cubes multidimensional. Lawa makhyubhu akuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ulwazi kusuka kuma-engeli ahlukene, njengezikhathi zesikhathi, izifunda zejografi, noma imigqa yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kwenza i-OLAP ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lezinkampani ezifuna ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo ngokusekelwe kudatha eqinile.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-OLAP

I-OLAP igqama ngekhono layo lokwenza ukuhlaziya okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi uphathe idatha ye-multidimensional. Ezinye zezici zayo ezibalulekile zichazwe ngezansi:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Multidimensional: Idatha ihlelwa yaba izilinganiso ze-hierarchical ezivumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe.
• Impendulo esheshayo: I-OLAP isebenzisa izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ukuze isheshise imibuzo futhi inciphise izikhathi zokulinda.
• Ukuhlola okusebenzisanayo: Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukungena phansi kudatha noma babuke izifinyezo ezibanzi njengoba kudingeka.
• Izakhiwo ze-Hierarchical: Idatha ingahlelwa ngamaleveli afana nonyaka, ikota, inyanga, nosuku ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya kwesikhashana.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-OLAP

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasistimu e-OLAP, ngayinye enezici ezithile kanye nezinzuzo:

I-ROLAP (Relational OLAP)

I-ROLAP igcina idatha ku imininingwane yolwazi futhi yenza ukuhlaziya okuguquguqukayo kwe-multidimensional. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko yikhono layo lokukala kumthamo omkhulu wedatha. Nokho, ukusebenza kwayo kungase kwehle ngemibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

I-MOLAP (Muldimensional OLAP)

I-MOLAP isebenzisa cubes multidimensional futhi yakhelwe ukunikeza izimpendulo ezisheshayo emibuzweni echazwe ngaphambilini. Yize ishesha futhi isebenza kahle, ukukala kwayo kunomkhawulo, okungaba inkinga ezinkampanini ezinolwazi oluningi.

I-HOLAP (Hybrid OLAP)

I-HOLAP ihlanganisa izinzuzo ze-ROLAP ne-MOLAP. Inikeza ibhalansi elilungile phakathi velocity nokulinganisa, okuyenza ilungele izinkampani ezinezidingo ezimaphakathi zokucubungula idatha.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-OLAP

Impumelelo yesistimu ye-OLAP isuselwe kokumbalwa izingxenye ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye:

• I-OLAP Cubes: Izakhiwo ezinama-multidimensional ezivumela idatha ukuthi igcinwe futhi ihlaziywe ngama-engeli ahlukene.
• Ubukhulu: Izigaba ezifana nesikhathi, indawo, noma umkhiqizo ohlela idatha ngokohlelo.
• Izilinganiso: Idatha yobuningi efana nokuthengisa noma inzuzo, ehlaziywa ngobukhulu.
• Amalungu Abaliwe: Amanani asuselwe ekusebenzeni kwezibalo kudatha ekhona.

Imisebenzi eyisisekelo ku-OLAP

Ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlinzekwa yi-OLAP, abahlaziyi bangakhohlisa futhi bahlole idatha ngezindlela ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu:

• Igoqele phezulu: Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlanganisa, kuvumela idatha ukuthi ifinyezwe kumaleveli aphezulu kuhlelo lwedatha.
• Dlala phansi: Ilungiselela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe ngokudonsela phansi kumazinga aphansi ngaphakathi kobukhulu.
• Ucezu: Khetha isethi engaphansi yedatha ngokusekelwe kubukhulu obubodwa.
• I-Pivot: Ihlela kabusha ubukhulu ukuze inikeze ukubuka okuhlukile kwedatha.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-OLAP ezinkampanini

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-OLAP kuletha izinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezobunhloli bebhizinisi:

• Ukuhlaziya okusheshayo: I-OLAP ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi ngemizuzwana embalwa.
• Izinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono: Isiza ukufinyelela olwazini olunemininingwane nolufanele.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo: Abasebenzisi bangalungisa imibuzo ngokwezidingo zabo ezithile.
• Ukwehluka: Amanye amasistimu e-OLAP, afana ne-ROLAP ne-HOLAP, angakwazi ukuphatha amavolumu amakhulu wedatha.

I-OLAP isiyithuluzi elibalulekile ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ukuhlaziya kwazo kanye nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo. Ikhono layo lokuhlanganisa idatha evela emithonjeni eminingi, kuhlanganiswe nokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nesivinini, kuyenza ifaneleke kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlangano, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu noma umkhakha.