Software security updates: a complete guide to protecting your systems

Informatec Digital » Resources » Software security updates: a complete guide to protecting your systems

In everyday life, it's very easy to click "remind me later" when an update notification appears on your computer, mobile phone, or even smart TV. However, Indefinitely postponing these updates is one of the most serious security mistakes. that can be committed, both at home and in a company, and leave unprotected your devices.

What many people see as a nuisance is, in reality, a critical barrier against cyberattacks, data theft, and performance issues. Keep operating systems, applications, firmware, and corporate tools up to date It is not a whim of the manufacturers, but a central piece of any minimally serious cybersecurity strategy.

What are software updates and why do they go far beyond “changing versions”?

When we talk about updating software, we mean to install modifications, fixes or improvements to an existing operating system, program or applicationwithout needing to completely change products. In other words, it's not the same to go from Windows 10 to Windows 11 (a big leap or upgrade) that install the monthly security patches for Windows 10.

These updates may focus on three major areas: security, performance improvements and new featuresOften all three are combined, but the main driver, especially in professional environments, is usually security.

It is important to understand that Software can be perfectly up-to-date even if it's not the latest version on the market.For example, many organizations continue to use Windows 10 instead of Windows 11, but as long as Microsoft releases patches and these are applied promptly, that system can remain secure and supported.

In today's environment, where we work interchangeably with computers, mobile phones, tablets, consoles, smart TVs or IoT devices, All these teams share the same reality: their software has bugs and needs regular patchesIgnoring this update cycle leaves the door open to anyone with the right knowledge.

Who creates and publishes security updates and patches

Behind every update lies significant work by operating system manufacturers, application developers, and hardware providers. They are the ones who detect vulnerabilities, correct errors, and package the patches. which then reach users through Windows Update, App Store, Google Play or similar mechanisms.

When a serious security flaw is discovered, the timeline accelerates. Manufacturers can release emergency patches within hours or days. to close the gap as soon as possible. During that window, anyone who knows about the vulnerability can exploit it, so time is of the essence for those who don't update.

In companies, in addition to manufacturers, the figure of patch management tools and internal IT teams or managed service providers, which are responsible for distributing these updates in a controlled manner to hundreds or thousands of devices, prioritizing according to criticality.

Difference between security patches and general updates

In the world of cybersecurity, a distinction is usually made between patches y updatesalthough from the user's point of view both arrive through a similar notification.

A patch is, generally, a very specific fix aimed at solving a specific vulnerability, error, or flawIt is usually small, urgent, and focused on a well-defined problem. Security patches are, in fact, the first line of defense against known attacks.

The broader updates are more ambitious: These include performance improvements, new features, interface changes, compatibility adjustments, and often, integrated security patches.That's why they take up more space, require more thorough testing, and are published in a more planned way (monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, etc.).

At the management level, Critical security patches usually have top priority and should be deployed as soon as possible.while larger updates are sometimes scheduled during maintenance windows to avoid disrupting operations.

Types of software that absolutely must be kept up to date

In an organization, and also at home, it is not enough to think about "the computer". There are several levels and types of software that require constant monitoring if you want to maintain good hygiene and safety.

First is the operating system: Windows and its editionsmacOS, Linux (Ubuntu, Red Hat…), Android, iOS, etc. It's the base layer, and if it's compromised, the attacker can gain very broad control of the deviceHere, security updates are non-negotiable.

Above them are the everyday applicationsespecially those that are open all day: web browsers, office suites, email clients, communication tools and any software that processes documents or external links.

• Custom or in-house developed softwareIt is not without vulnerabilities. If you use third-party libraries (frameworks, modules, SDKs), it is mandatory. also monitor the updates of those departments.
• Applications with elevated privilegesEverything that runs as administrator or root must be especially well patched, since Its operation facilitates full access to the system..

Another great forgotten one is the firmware, the low-level software that governs routers, switches, WiFi access points, printers, IP cameras, BIOS / UEFI of PCs and other devices. Updating the firmware corrects bugs that directly affect hardware control and therefore to the overall security of the network.

Importance of updates in modern cybersecurity

Cybercriminals literally make a living by finding security holes. Each time a patch bulletin is published, it is also made public which vulnerability has been fixed.That means that, from that moment on, anyone can study the vulnerability and develop an exploit.

If an organization does not apply that patch, It is left vulnerable to attacks for which solutions already exist.Many ransomware incidents and data breaches can be explained simply by the presence of outdated software on the computers.

In addition, the updates help to Block common attack vectors, reduce the risk of malware, and protect sensitive data (personal, financial, corporate). In regulated environments, such as those handling personal data under GDPR, failure to patch can be considered clear negligence.

Cases like WannaCry demonstrated that A security patch ignored for months can end up costing millions in losses, reputation, and downtime.The vulnerability had been patched, but thousands of companies hadn't updated. That's why it's important to have measures like this one. protection against ransomware.

Additional advantages: performance, stability, and compatibility

It's not all about security. Updates also bring very tangible benefits in everyday use. They improve performance, reduce errors, and make applications more stable.This translates into fewer crashes, fewer support tickets, and greater productivity.

Keep in mind that The technological ecosystem is constantly evolving.New hardware, new versions of other applications, changes in cloud services, browsers, protocols, etc. Without updates, software falls behind and compatibility problems begin.

In many cases, a simple update fixes annoying bugs that users have been suffering from for some time (random errors, performance losses, strange behaviors) and are refined as the manufacturer receives reports.

Therefore, Keeping software up to date is also a decision about efficiency and quality of service.not just a matter of cybersecurity or regulatory compliance.

Updates on computers: Windows and macOS

In the desktop world, Windows and macOS have followed somewhat different paths when it comes to managing application updates. Windows relies heavily on each program implementing its own update mechanism, in corporate environments the Windows Pro security It adds controls that facilitate centralized management, whereas on macOS the App Store centralizes this process much more.

In Windows, the operating system is updated from Settings > Update & Security > Windows UpdateThis is where both security patches and cumulative updates are managed. However, many third-party applications are only updated if the user opens the program and accepts the notification, or if specific patch management tools are used.

On macOS, in addition to system updates from System Preferences > Software UpdateMost apps installed from the App Store are updated centrally. Apps downloaded from outside the store usually include their own system for notifying and downloading new versions.

For those who want to go a step further, there are tools such as macupdater on macOS or solutions like Patch My PC on Windows, which They analyze all installed software and indicate which programs have pending versions.allowing them to be updated in bulk.

Tools and strategies for updating small businesses

In an SME, going from one piece of equipment to another checking for updates is not feasible. Patch management requires a degree of automation and a global view of what is installed and in what version..

For environments with few Windows computers, lightweight tools such as My PC patch They make the task much easier. They detect outdated software and silently run updates.without bombarding the user with windows, which reduces friction.

When the number of devices grows (offices with 10, 20 or more devices), more comprehensive platforms come into play, such as ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus or similar solutions. These allow:

• Distribute patching agents on Windows, macOS, and Linuxeither through Active Directory or manual installation.
• Define policies on which patches are applied, to which teams, and at what times.
• Centralize the download of updates to save bandwidth in networks with many devices.

These tools benefit the company a clear view of the upgrade status of the entire fleetThis is key to responding to security audits or regulatory requirements such as PCI DSS or internal standards.

Mobile updates: iOS and Android

Mobile phones have become veritable pocket computers, with access to corporate email, banking applications, and sensitive documents; smartphones in business environments They require special attention. Neglecting smartphone updates opens a direct door to the organization's network and data..

On iPhone, the process is simple: Settings> General> Software updateiOS notifies users of new versions, and Apple typically supports older devices for several years with security patches.

On Android the theory is similar (Settings > System > Software update), but The reality depends a lot on the device manufacturer and the range.Many phones only receive security patches from Google for 2 or 3 years, leaving older devices unprotected against new vulnerabilities.

To check the situation, it is helpful to review the “Security patch level” in Android settingsIf that date is very far off and no more updates are being released, it's time to seriously consider whether the device is still suitable for sensitive uses or if it's better to replace it.

Regarding the apps, both iOS and Android They maintain a permanent channel with their respective stores (App Store and Play Store)The automatic update option is usually enabled when the device connects to WiFi, although it's a good idea to check it to avoid leaving any apps unpatched.

Risks of installing software and updates from untrusted sources

Not all "updates" that appear on the Internet are legitimate. Many pirate or dubious download websites offer manipulated installers that incorporate malware, even though they promise to be the latest version of a popular program.

Cybercriminals take advantage of the fact that people are looking for cracks, free licenses, or cheap versions of paid software to sneak in Trojans, ransomware, or backdoorsIn these contexts, the supposed “update” is actually the vehicle of infection.

That's why it's essential Download software and patches exclusively from official channels.: manufacturer pages, verified repositories, official app stores, or recognized distribution platforms.

Furthermore, when an application requests elevated permissions or privileges, We need to carefully review what is being requestedIf a flashlight app requests access to contacts, SMS messages, and location in the background, something's fishy. Reducing permissions to the bare minimum limits the impact in case of a breach.

Vulnerability update and management plan for companies

In organizations with multiple servers, workstations, and mobile devices, improvisation is not an option. A well-defined system upgrade plan is needed., which allows everything to be kept under control and prioritized according to risk.

The first step is a comprehensive inventory of installed equipment and softwareincluding versions and end-of-support dates. If a product is no longer supported by the manufacturer, it means that, from a certain point onward, It will not receive any more patches even if new vulnerabilities are discovered..

The process is built upon that inventory. vulnerability analysisThis can be done either through automated tools or by following security alerts from specialized agencies. The goal is to identify which failures affect which systems and how severely.

Once the vulnerabilities have been identified, the process begins risk classification and mitigation effortA critical failure on a server exposed to the internet is not the same as a minor problem on an isolated machine. This information is used to prioritize patches and determine maintenance windows.

Before deploying a mass update, it is advisable to do the following: controlled testing in pre-production environments or on a small group of equipmentThis is how incompatibilities, impacts on business applications, or unwanted changes are detected.

Then comes the scheduled patch applicationTaking advantage, for example, of nighttime windows or weekends to minimize disruption. Upon completion, it is necessary Re-evaluate the assets and verify that the vulnerability has actually been corrected. and that the systems continue to function as expected.

Automation, monitoring, and best practices for patch management

When the number of devices grows, manual management becomes impractical. Automate the detection, download, and deployment of updates This is key to not depending on each user clicking on “install now”.

Professional patch management solutions allow define policies based on criticality (critical security patches are applied immediately, others are grouped for periodic windows), as well as generating compliance reports to know which teams are up to date and which are not.

Another good practice is establish a formal patch management policy within the organization: review frequency, maximum application times according to severity, responsible parties, testing procedures, reversal plans, etc.

Along with the technical aspect, it is essential train and raise awareness among employeesMany users tend to ignore update notifications for convenience. Explaining the impact of outdated software with real-world examples helps change that attitude.

Finally, it is advisable closely follow safety bulletins from manufacturers and official bodies to keep track of emerging threats and newly released critical patches that require a rapid response.

When does it make sense to use professional upgrade services?

Although many updates are relatively simple, in complex environments compatibility problems arise, system dependencies, regulatory requirements, or very restricted service windows. In these cases, it can be very profitable to delegate patch management to specialists..

A professional service usually includes compatibility analysis, pre-testing, deployment planning, and post-deployment monitoringthus reducing the likelihood that an update will cause a critical crash.

Furthermore, these teams often work with centralized platforms that combine remote device management and automated patchingThis allows distributed networks, teleworkers, or remote offices to be kept up-to-date without constant travel.

For many companies, outsourcing this part allows them to focus on their core business while ensuring that infrastructure and software are properly secured and optimizedThis is especially valuable if you don't have a large IT department.

Keeping operating systems, applications, and firmware up to date, applying patches within reasonable timeframes, avoiding untrusted sources, and relying on robust patch management tools and policies, both technical and organizational, is what makes the difference between a reasonably protected infrastructure and an environment full of open doors to cyberattacks, availability incidents, and regulatory compliance issues.