Amakhadi okusondelana angenakuthintana: umhlahlandlela ophelele nezinhlobo

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Amakhadi okusondelana angenakuthintana abe yindinganiso ekulawuleni ukufinyelela, ukuhlonza, kanye nokukhokha, kokubili emabhizinisini nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Asebenza ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bemvamisa yomsakazo (i-RFID kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene) futhi avumela ukufunda ngaphandle kokufaka ikhadi kumfundi, okunikeza ukulula, isivinini, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezindala njengemigqa yamagnetic.

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zawo zobuchwepheshe, la makhadi ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe , izikhwama ze-elekthronikhi , ezokuthutha zomphakathi, izinhlelo zesikhathi sabasebenzi kanye nokuba khona, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenakubalwa. Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, sizobuyekeza ngokuningiliziwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhadi okusondela atholakalayo, imvamisa yawo, ama-chip avame kakhulu, ububanzi obuthile njenge-HID ne-MIFARE, kanye nezici ezisebenzayo ezifana nokuhambisana nezilawuli zokufinyelela, ukukhishwa nokususwa kwekhadi, kanye nendima yamakhukhi nobumfihlo ezitolo eziku-inthanethi lapho athengwa khona.

Iyini ikhadi lokusondela elingenakuthinta futhi lisebenza kanjani?

Ikhadi lokusondela elingenakuthintana liyikhadi elihlakaniphile elihlanganisa i-chip kanye ne-antenna, eklanyelwe ukushintshanisa ulwazi nomfundi ngemvamisa yomsakazo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumana ngokomzimba. Ukuliletha nje ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha ambalwa (noma ngisho nangaphezulu kancane, kuye ngohlelo) kwanele ukuthi umfundi alibone futhi enze umsebenzi ohambisanayo: ukuvula umnyango, ukubhalisa ukungena, ukuqinisekisa uhambo, njll.

Uhlelo lusebenza kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be -RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) noma izinhlobo ezihambisanayo. Uma ikhadi lingena ensimini ye-electromagnetic yomfundi, i-antenna inikwa amandla yileyo nsimu, futhi i-chip iphendula ngolwazi lwayo olugciniwe. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele, yize amakhadi athuthukile kakhulu angagcina amaphuzu amaningi edatha, imikhakha yememori ehlukene, ngisho namanani emali okukhokha ngaphandle kwemali.

Ngokungafani namakhadi amadala anemigqa kamagnetic, amakhadi okusondelana awagugi ngenxa yokungqubuzana , awadingi ukufakwa, futhi anikeza isikhathi sokuphila esingapheli ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphepha kwawo kuphakeme, njengoba ulwazi lwawo lungabhalwa ngekhodi, luhlukaniswe ngezigaba, futhi luvikelwe okhiye bokufinyelela.

Izinhlobo zamakhadi okusondelana ngokuya ngokuvama

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlukanisa amakhadi okusondelana angenakho ukuthintana yimvamisa asebenza ngayo. Imakethe ihlukanisa kakhulu imindeni emibili eyinhloko: amakhadi anemvamisa ephansi (125 kHz) kanye namakhadi anemvamisa ephezulu (13,56 MHz). Ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo, amakhono, kanye namazinga okuphepha.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwento eyodwa noma enye kuncike ezidingweni ezifana nezinga lokuphepha elidingekayo , ukuhambisana nezinhlelo ezikhona, ububanzi bokufunda, noma inani lolwazi oluzogcinwa. Izici zohlobo ngalunye kanye nama-chip azo avame kakhulu kuchazwe kabanzi ngezansi.

Amakhadi okusondelana anemvamisa ephansi – 125 kHz

Amakhadi anemvamisa ephansi asebenza ku- 125 kHz futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukufinyelela ezilula noma zokuhlonza lapho kungadingeki khona isitoreji sedatha esibanzi. Athandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthembeka kwawo, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nesivinini sokufunda esisheshayo.

Kuye ngomfundi nendawo ahlala kuyo, ububanzi bala makhadi bungahluka kusukela kumasentimitha angu-2 kuya cishe kumitha eli-1 . Ngokuvamile anikeza amandla okukhumbula aphansi, acishe abe yi-1 KB noma ngaphansi kwamanye ama-chip okufunda kuphela, anele ukuphatha isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele noma idatha yomsebenzisi eyisisekelo ngohlelo lokulawula.

Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu lwemvamisa, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-chip , anemisebenzi esukela kokufunda kuphela kuya kwezixazululo zokufunda/ukubhala ezinememori evikelwe ngephasiwedi. Ake sibheke ezimele kakhulu nezivamile emakethe.

I-chip yokufunda kuphela ye-TK4100

I -chip ye -TK4100 iyikhadi lokusondela elijwayelekile elinama-frequency aphansi. Yenzelwe izindawo lapho kudingeka khona isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele ngekhadi ngalinye, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhala kabusha ulwazi.

Le chip inama -bits angu-64 enkumbulo azinikele ekugcineni i-ID ehlukile engaphindwa phakathi kwamakhadi. Iyisisombululo esisetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni ukufinyelela okuyisisekelo, ukupaka, izinhlelo ezilula zesikhathi kanye nokuba khona, noma izinhlelo lapho iseva ephakathi ihlobanisa lesi sihlonzi nedatha yomsebenzisi, kodwa ikhadi ngokwalo lisebenza kuphela njengesihluthulelo sokuhlonza.

I-Sokimat Q5 Read/Write Chip

Uma kudingeka ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kumaza aphansi, ama-chip afana ne- Sokimat Q5 ayasetshenziswa , akwazi ukufunda nokubhala futhi anememori evikelwe. Le chip yenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ulwazi olwengeziwe ludinga ukugcinwa ngqo ekhadini.

I-Sokimat Q5 ingagcina ama-bits angu-264 enkumbulo evikelwe ngephasiwedi, okuvumela idatha ethile ukuthi ibhalwe ku-chip futhi ibuyekezwe njengoba kudingeka. Ilungele izindawo lapho ikhadi lingasetshenziswa khona hhayi nje njengesihlonzi kodwa futhi nokugcina amapharamitha, izimvume, noma ukucushwa okuhlobene nomsebenzisi.

Ama-chips e-EM4200 kanye ne-EM4102 (okufundwayo kuphela)

Ama-chip e -EM4200 kanye ne-EM4102 ayizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhadi okusondela angu-125 kHz. Njenge-TK4100, womabili aklanyelwe izimo zokufunda kuphela lapho kugcinwa khona isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele ngekhadi ngalinye.

Ngalolu hlobo lwekhadi, ukuphepha kuncike ekhadini ngalinye elinenombolo ehlukile , ehlotshaniswa nomsebenzisi ohlelweni lokulawula. Uma lilahlekile noma lingasasetshenziswa, ukulivala nje kwenza isihlonzi singasebenzi ngokuphelele. Kuyindlela elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokuphatha ukusebenza kwekhadi kanye nokuvala ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha abafundi noma ukulungisa kabusha lonke uhlelo.

I-chip ye-Temic E5551A (funda futhi ubhale)

Enye i-chip ethokozisayo enemvamisa ephansi yi- Temic E5551A , ehlanganisa imvamisa engu-125 kHz namakhono okufunda nokubhala. Iphinde ibe nama -bits angu-264 enkumbulo , okuvumela idatha ukuthi igcinwe futhi ibuyekezwe ngqo ekhadini.

Le chip isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukulawula okukhulu kwedatha yomsebenzisi noma lapho izimvume ezahlukene kanye namapharamitha kungaphathwa ngqo kusuka ekhadini lokusondela, kugcinwa njalo ubulula kanye nobubanzi obujwayelekile bemvamisa ephansi.

Amakhadi okusondelana anemvamisa ephezulu - 13,56 MHz

Amakhadi e-High-frequency (HF) asebenza ku- 13,56 MHz futhi abe yisisekelo sezixazululo eziningi zokulawula ukufinyelela zesimanje, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, kanye nezikhwama ze-electronic wallet. Aphawuleka ngomthamo wawo wokugcina omkhulu, isivinini sokuxhumana, kanye nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namakhadi angu-125 kHz.

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, sithola ubuchwepheshe obusakazekile njenge- MIFARE, i-MIFARE DESfire , kanye nama-chip ahambisanayo njenge-I-Code SL2 noma i-Fudan. Ngokuvamile asekela izindlela zokulwa nokushayisana ukuze afunde amakhadi amaningi ensimini efanayo yokufunda futhi ahlukanise imemori ibe yimikhakha namabhulokhi ngokhiye nezimvume ezahlukene.

Ikhadi lokusondela le-MIFARE

Ikhadi le -MIFARE , elasungulwa yi-NXP ekuqaleni, cishe lingenye yamakhadi okukhokha aziwa kakhulu. Lisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni, ekulawuleni ukufinyelela kwezinkampani, kumakhadi abasebenzi, ezinhlelweni zokukhokha zangaphakathi, nakumakhadi obulungu.

Isici esibalulekile se-MIFARE ukuthi inikeza inkumbulo engu-1 KB ehlelwe ngezigaba ezingu-16 , ngayinye inamabhulokhi amane angu-16-byte. Kula mabhulokhi, amathathu angaqukatha ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kanti elesine lisetshenziselwa ukugcina okhiye nezimvume. Isekela imisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala, kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokushayisana kanye nezinga lokuphepha elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Imemori ihlelwe ngezigaba ezivikelwe okhiye ababili bokufinyelela, ababizwa ngokuthi “A” kanye no-“B” . Lawa makhi agcinwa ebhulokini lesine lomkhakha ngamunye, kanye nama-control bits achaza ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engenzeka kwamanye amabhulokhi amathathu. Izimvume ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukufunda, ukubhala, ukunciphisa, kanye nokwenyuka, okuwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphatha isikhwama semali noma ibhalansi.

Uma ikhadi le-MIFARE lilethwa eduze komfundi, inqubo yokuqinisekisa iqala , isungula isiteshi esiphephile. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa okhiye abafanele, umfundi angafunda noma ashintshe idatha ngaphakathi kwemikhakha evunyelwe. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ikhadi elilodwa le-MIFARE lingasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ekuthuthweni, ekufinyeleleni esakhiweni, kanye nasekukhokheni emishinini yokuthengisa, isibonelo.

Ikhadi le-MIFARE DESfire

Ikhadi le -MIFARE DESfire , elivela naku-NXP Semiconductors, liqondiswe ezindaweni ezidinga izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphepha kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kohlelo lokusebenza. Igama lalo ngokwalo libhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-algorithms okubethela athuthukile (njenge-DES, 3DES, noma i-AES, kuye ngenguqulo) ukuvikela ulwazi olugciniwe.

Lawa makhadi angaphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziphephile kudivayisi eyodwa, ngayinye inokhiye bayo bokufinyelela, amafayela, kanye nezakhiwo zedatha. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokuhamba ezihlanganisiwe, amakhadi omazisi aseyunivesithi, ukuhlonza izinkampani okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezixazululo zokukhokha eziphephile kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ububanzi be-DESfire buvame ukunikeza umthamo omkhulu wesitoreji kanye nezinketho zokucushwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube kuhle kumaphrojekthi lapho izikhungo noma izinsizakalo ezahlukene zabelana ngekhadi elifanayo, kodwa ngayinye iphatha ingxenye yayo yememori ngendlela ehlukanisiwe nephephile.

Amanye amakhadi avame kakhulu: I-Code SL2 kanye ne-Fudan

Ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-13,56 MHz kukhona neminye imindeni yamakhadi , njenge-I-Code SL2 noma ama-Fudan chips, asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene lapho kudingeka khona ukufunda ibanga elithile, ukulwa nokushayisana kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha, kodwa mhlawumbe akuzona zonke izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-MIFARE noma i-DESfire.

La makhadi angaba usizo kakhulu ezinqolobaneni zempahla, emitatsheni yezincwadi, ekulandeleni , noma ezinhlelweni zokuhlonza lapho ukufunda okusheshayo nokungahleliwe kwemidiya eminingi kubalulekile. Ukukhetha kokugcina kuncike njalo ezidingweni zephrojekthi kanye nokuhambisana nabafundi abakhona.

Amakhadi e-HID: izixazululo zobungcweti zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi

Ngale kwemvamisa kanye ne-chip, emakethe sithola izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezifana ne -HID , eyaziwa kakhulu emkhakheni wobungcweti ngokunikeza izixazululo zokuphepha okuphezulu kanye nokuhambisana okubanzi kokulawula ukufinyelela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Amakhadi e-HID ahlanganisa ububanzi obuhlukahlukene, kusukela kumakhadi okusondelana aphansi kuya kumakhadi ahlakaniphile aphephile kakhulu angahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokufinyelela kumakhompyutha, ama-wallet kagesi, izinhlelo zokukhokha ngaphandle kwemali, kanye nezokuthutha. Ububanzi ngabunye buhloselwe uhlobo oluthile lokusetshenziswa, kodwa bonke babelana ngefilosofi yokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuhlonza eziqinile nezilawulekayo ngezinga.

Phakathi kwemigqa yemikhiqizo evame kakhulu ye-HID singathola:

• Amakhadi e-HID Crescendo: igxile ekufinyeleleni okunengqondo okuphephile, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile kumakhompyutha nezinhlelo zolwazi.
• Amakhadi e-HID HitagIzixazululo ze-RFID ezihlanganisa ukuguquguquka kanye namazinga afanele okuphepha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
• Amakhadi e-HID iCLASS e iCLASS SEUbuchwepheshe bamakhadi ahlakaniphile obunezici ezithuthukisiwe zokubethela, ezifanele kakhulu izindawo zezinkampani kanye nohulumeni.
• Amakhadi E-HID Legic e I-Indala: imigqa ehlanganisa izidingo ezahlukene zokufuduka, ukuhambisana kanye nokuphepha.
• I-HID UltraCardAmakhadi asezingeni eliphezulu aklanyelwe ukuphrinta nokwenza ngokwezifiso, asetshenziswa kabanzi njengemidiya ebonakalayo ezinhlelweni zokuhlonza.
• Ukusondela kwe-HID: amakhadi emvamisa ephansi ezinhlelo ze-ISOProx II, DuoProx II kanye ne-ProxCard II, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kokulawula ukufinyelela kwendabuko.
• I-HID FlexSmart MIFARE DESfire e I-HID iCLASS SEOS: amakhadi ahlakaniphile ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-HID nezindinganiso ezinamandla njenge-DESfire, enikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalolu hlobo, amakhadi e-HID afanelekela amaphrojekthi okulawula ukufinyelela okuphelele , lapho umgomo uwukuhlanganisa ukufinyelela okungokoqobo ezakhiweni, ukungena ngemvume kumishini, izinsizakalo zangaphakathi, kanye nezinkokhelo zibe yisitifiketi esisodwa.

Ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamakhadi okusondelana

Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa lapho uthenga amakhadi okusondela angenakho ukuthi azohambisana yini nohlelo lokulawula ukufinyelela olukhona . Empeleni, ama-terminal amaningi achaza ngokucacile ubuchwepheshe abusebenzisayo: isibonelo, i-RFID EM 125 kHz, i-MIFARE 13,56 MHz, i-HID Proximity, njll.

Uma unesistimu yokulawula ukufinyelela ye-EM 125 kHz RFID , uzodinga amakhadi asebenzisa leyo nqubo ethile. Ngokufanayo, uma abafundi bakho benzelwe i-MIFARE Classic noma i-MIFARE DESfire, kuzodingeka ukhethe amakhadi ahambisana nalawo buchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ngesikhathi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula ukuba khona noma ukuba khona, uma nje i-terminal ihambisana nobuchwepheshe bekhadi (isb., i-EM 125 kHz), ikhadi elifanayo lingasetshenziswa kokubili ukufinyelela isikhungo kanye nokuqopha amahora okusebenza. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphatha, njengoba umsebenzisi edinga ukuphatha isitifiketi esisodwa kuphela.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi, ngokuba nekhodi ehlukile, engakopisheki ehlotshaniswa nekhadi ngalinye, uhlelo lokulawula lungavala ikhadi elilahlekile noma elingasaxhunyanisiwe nesisebenzi, okwenza lingasetshenziswa nhlobo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha izingidi noma ihadiwe eyengeziwe.

Izindlela zokuthengisa ezivamile: amabhokisi namaphakethe amakhadi

Ezitolo ezigxile kwi-RFID kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela, kuvamile ukuthola amaphakethe amakhadi okusondelana abhalwe izinombolo kusengaphambili , enzelwe izinkampani noma izikhungo ezidinga inani elikhulu leziqinisekiso.

Isibonelo, amabhokisi anamakhadi okusondelana angama-50 angathengiswa , alungele ukubhaliswa ohlelweni futhi, uma kufiswa, enziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuphrinta. Kukhona namaphakethe anamakhadi angu-25 anezinombolo alula ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi kokubhalisa nokukhansela.

Le fomethi yokuthengisa ivumela izinhlangano ukuthi zihlale zinamakhadi okufaka esikhundleni atholakalayo kubantu abasha abaqashwayo, abafaka esikhundleni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa, noma ukwanda kwezindawo zokufinyelela. Njengamakhadi ajwayelekile, ayahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zabafundi be-RFID nezinhlelo.

Amakhukhi, ukukhangisa kanye nobumfihlo ezitolo zamakhadi aku-inthanethi

Uma uthenga amakhadi okusondelana angenakuthintana esitolo esiku-inthanethi, kuvamile ukuthola izaziso zamakhukhi kanye nezinqubomgomo zobumfihlo. Le miyalezo ikwazisa ukuthi isayithi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana namakhukhi nezinye izihlonzi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lokuphequlula, ukuphatha inqola yakho yokuthenga, nokubonisa izikhangiso eziqondiwe.

Amakhukhi angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amakhukhi adingekayo , ngaphandle kwawo iwebhusayithi engeke isebenze kahle: avumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ahlale engene ngemvume, akhumbule okuqukethwe yinqola yakhe yokuthenga, aphathe ulimi, imali ekhethiwe, noma isimo sokuxhumana. Ngaphandle kwawo, izinqubo eziyisisekelo njengokufaka i-oda bezingenakwenzeka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amakhukhi ahlobene nokukhangisa nokwenza kube ngokwakho . Amanye aqoqa ulwazi olungaziwa mayelana nezikhangiso eziboniswayo kanye nokuziphatha kokuphequlula, kanti amanye angaxhumanisa idatha yomuntu siqu eyengeziwe, uma nje umsebenzisi enikeze imvume yakhe, okuvumela ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nezikhala zokukhangisa kanye nezincomo zomkhiqizo.

Amawebhusayithi amaningi asebenzisa amakhukhi aqondene neplatifomu ye-e-commerce, njengekhukhi le -PrestaShop-# , eligcina ulwazi lweseshini: usuku lokudalwa kwamakhukhi, ulimi lokuphequlula, uhlobo lwemali, isigaba somkhiqizo ovakashelwe okokugcina, imikhiqizo ebukwe muva nje, ukwamukelwa kwenqubomgomo yamakhukhi, isihlonzi sekhasimende, igama lokuqala nesibongo, isimo sokungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi ebethelwe, ikheli le-imeyili elihlotshaniswa ne-akhawunti, kanye nedatha yenqola yokuthenga. Ubude bayo bungafinyelela, isibonelo, emahoreni angu-480, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balondoloze iseshini yabo kanye nezintandokazi zabo izinsuku eziningana.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthola amakhukhi ngokukhethekile ukuze kuvunyelwe , njengekhukhi eligcina ukuthi amakhukhi angakhethwa amukelwe noma alungiselelwe (isibonelo, ikhukhi elibizwa ngokuthi i-cookiesplus eliphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva konyaka owodwa). Lokhu kuvumela iwebhusayithi ukuthi ikhumbule ukuthi umsebenzisi usevele esebenzisana yini nebhena lekhukhi futhi igweme ukulibonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Isisekelo esisemthethweni sokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngokuvamile imvume yomsebenzisi . Amawebhusayithi azisa abasebenzisi ukuthi ngokuqhubeka nokuphequlula, babhekwa njengabamukele inqubomgomo yamakhukhi futhi banikeza izixhumanisi zokufunda kabanzi noma ukulungiselela izintandokazi. Ukwenqaba noma ukuhoxisa imvume kunganciphisa imisebenzi ethile, njengokukhumbula izinto enqoleni yakho yokuthenga, ukukugcina ungene ngemvume, noma ukuthola izincomo ezenzelwe wena.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izitolo eziku-inthanethi zithumela ukuxhumana kokumaketha kanye nezincwadi zezindaba ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yazo, okuhlanganisa amakhadi e-RFID kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela. Lapho ubhalisa, utshelwa ukuthi idatha yakho yomuntu siqu izosetshenziselwa ukuthumela lokhu kuxhumana, ngokuvamile nge-elekthronikhi, futhi unikezwa iziteshi zokuxhumana (njengekheli le-imeyili lokuvikela idatha) ukuze usebenzise amalungelo afana nokufinyelela, ukulungisa, ukususa, noma ukuphikisa.

Ezimweni ezithile, uma umsebenzisi ekhutshaziwe yi-JavaScript noma amakhukhi abalulekile, isitolo singase singasebenzi kahle , sibonisa imiyalezo yokuxwayisa futhi, ezimweni ezithile, okubonisa ukuthi isevisi eku-inthanethi ayitholakali okwesikhashana kweminye imikhiqizo, okumema abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nomeluleki ochwepheshe ngocingo ukuze bafake i-oda.

Ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ukuphepha kanye nokugcinwa kwamakhadi

Ngokombono womsebenzisi wokugcina, amakhadi okusondelana angenakho ukuthinta ahlukile ngendlela elula. Asikho isidingo sokuwafaka ezikhaleni noma ukukhathazeka ngokuguguleka komugqa odonsayo: mane uwabambe eduze komfundi bese ulinda ukuqinisekiswa, okuvame ukuthatha izingxenyana zomzuzwana.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, iqiniso lokuthi ikhadi ngalinye linomhlonzi ohlukile, ongafakwanga ama-clonable linciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukopishwa kalula. Izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, njenge-MIFARE DESfire noma i-HID iCLASS SEOS, zengeza ukubethela okuqinile, ukuqinisekiswa okuhambisanayo, kanye nezakhiwo zememori eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwandisa kakhulu izinga lokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni.

Enkampanini noma enhlanganweni ephethe uhlelo, ukulungiswa kulula kakhulu: kudinga kuphela ukwengeza nokususa amakhadi kusofthiwe yokulawula njengoba abasebenzisi bejoyina noma behamba, noma uma kwenzeka kulahleka. Ingqalasizinda ebonakalayo (abafundi, abalawuli) ingahlala ingashintshi iminyaka, noma ngabe amakhadi ashintshwa noma imiklamo ephrintiwe ibuyekeziwe.

Lawa makhadi ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengoba engagugi njalo ngenxa yokufundwa komshini njengamakhadi amadala anemigqa yamagnetic. Ngaphandle kwemithelela, ukugoba okukhulu, noma ukuchayeka ezimweni ezinzima, angasebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi, okwenza abe ngcono kakhulu esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.

Amakhadi okusondela angenakuthintana ahlanganisa ukuthembeka, ukuphepha kanye nokuguquguquka ngendlela elula ukuyisebenzisa, akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene njengesakhiwo sehhovisi, ikhampasi yaseyunivesithi, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha noma isikhungo sezimboni, futhi asekelwa yizinhlelo zobuchwepheshe (amakhukhi, amapulatifomu ezentengiselwano, izinsizakalo zezindaba) ezenza kube lula ukuthengwa kwawo kanye nokuphathwa kwedijithali.