- Indawo yokupaka ephakathi iyisici samaWindows esivikela ama-core e-CPU ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokugxila umthwalo kuma-core ambalwa asebenzayo.
- Ukuziphatha kwayo kuncike kuphrosesa kanye nenguqulo ye-Windows, futhi i-Microsoft iyilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Windows Server 2012.
- Ukushintsha indawo yokupaka eyinhloko kungathinta i-FPS kanye nokuzinza emidlalweni, kodwa umthelela wangempela uyahlukahluka kuye ngehadiwe kanye nesofthiwe.
- Amathuluzi afana ne-ParkControl akuvumela ukuthi uvule noma ukhubaze kalula indawo yokupaka eyinhloko futhi ulungise izinhlelo zamandla ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabusha.
Uma uneprosesa yesimanje enama-core amaningi, njenge-Intel Core i9 noma i-Ryzen enamandla, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wahlangana negama elithi "core parking" ngesinye isikhathi . Livela ezingxoxweni mayelana ne-FPS, ukuzinza komdlalo, noma ukusebenza kwe-Windows iyonke, futhi livame ukuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo.
Umbuzo ojwayelekile uthi: ingabe kufanele ngishiye indawo yokupaka eyinhloko njengoba injalo ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Windows noma ngiyikhubaze ukuze ngithole ukusebenza kahle? Abanye bathi ithuthukisa ubuncane be-FPS emidlalweni, abanye bathi ingcono ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kanye nokushisa, bese kuba nalabo abacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi we-Microsoft wokwehluleka. Ake sichaze konke lokhu kudideka ngokuthula nangokuningiliziwe.
Kuyini ngempela indawo yokupaka ephakathi ku-Windows?
I-core parking iyisici sokuphatha amandla eprosesa esakhelwe ku-Windows (esikhona okungenani kusukela ku-Windows 7) esikuvumela ukuthi "ucime" amanye ama-core e-CPU uma engadingeki. Uma i-Windows "ipakisha" i-core, empeleni ayicimi ngokoqobo, kodwa ivimbela i-process scheduler ukuthi iyisebenzise.
Kalula nje, i-kernel epakiwe iyi-kernel uhlelo lokusebenza olunquma ukungayisebenzisi okwesikhashana . Ngenkathi ikulesi simo, i-Windows scheduler iqondisa izintambo zokwenza kuma-kernel asasebenza, okwenza lawo ma-kernel asebenze kanzima kuyilapho amanye ehlala engenzi lutho isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma umthwalo womsebenzi ukhula, iWindows ingawususa lawo ma-core bese iwabuyisela ekusebenzeni ukuze isabalalise umthwalo womsebenzi . Lonke lolu hlelo lokupaka nokususa ukupaka luzenzakalelayo futhi lulawulwa yi-algorithm yangaphakathi ehlaziya umthwalo wohlelo kanye neminye imingcele.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukupaka nje i-core akugcini amandla ngokwako . Okukwenzayo ukuguqula indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo ukuze agxile emsebenzini kuma-core ambalwa, okuvumela ama-core apakiwe ukuthi ahlale engasebenzi isikhathi eside, futhi yilapho ukonga amandla kufinyelelwa khona.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kunephutha: ama-core ahlala esebenza athwala umthwalo omningi , okungabangela ukuthi asebenze ngamaza aphezulu, adle amandla amaningi, futhi akhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe. Ukusebenza kahle kwangempela kwalokhu kuguquguquka phakathi kwama-core asebenzayo napakiwe kuncike kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweprosesa ethile.
Indlela iWindows enquma ngayo ukuthi yimiphi i-core okufanele ipakwe nokuthi yimiphi engeke ipakwe.
Ukuziphatha kokupaka okuyinhloko kulawulwa yi- algorithm yangaphakathi ye-Windows eqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU yomlando futhi yenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi. Ayigxili kakhulu kulokho okuzokwenzeka, kodwa kunalokho kulokho okwenzekile esikhathini esidlule.
Le algorithm inamapharamitha amaningi angaphakathi: ama-threshold, ama-average windows, ama-timer, ama-decay coefficients , kanye nezinye izilungiselelo zokulungisa kahle. Eziningi zalezi zimelelwe ku-Windows Registry, kanti ezinye zingadalulwa njengezinketho ezithuthukisiwe ezinhlelweni zamandla ze-Control Panel uma okhiye abathile besistimu "begqekeziwe."
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka kukhona izilungiselelo zokuchaza inani elincane neliphezulu lama-cores okufanele ahlale engapakiwe , ngokuvamile aboniswa njengephesenti lama-cores anengqondo atholakalayo. Isibonelo, ekucushweni okujwayelekile, amanani asukela ku-10% kuya ku-100% angase abonakale ekhombisa inani elincane kuya kwelikhulu lama-cores asebenzayo ngasikhathi sinye.
Kukhona futhi izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nokuthi ama-core amiswa/angamiswa kanjani futhi nini : ukuthi kufanele amiswe wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngamunye ngamunye, noma inombolo eguquguqukayo kuye ngomthwalo olinganisiwe; noma ukuthi ama-core amisiwe kufanele aye ngqo kumvamisa osekelwayo omncane ngokushesha nje lapho emiswa.
Isici esisodwa esiphawulekayo se-Windows 7 inqubomgomo yayo ezenzakalelayo yokuqinisekisa okungenani i-virtual core eyodwa engapakwanga kuyo yonke i-physical core . Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuma-processor anobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Intel's Hyper-Threading (HT) noma i-CMT/SMT kuma-CPU athile e-AMD, i-Windows ihlala igcina okungenani intambo eyodwa esebenzayo enengqondo kuyo yonke i-physical core, okwenza kube lula ukubona ama-core amaningi epakwe ngempela.
Ngokukhubaza le nqubomgomo ethile, abanye abasebenzisi abanama-CPU e-AMD (kusukela kuma-Athlons amadala kuya kuma-Ryzen anamuhla) baqaphele ukuthi uhlelo luyakwazi ukupaka ama-core amaningi kwimodi yokungenzi lutho , mhlawumbe lushiya elilodwa kuphela lisebenza ngokugcwele, kuyilapho amanye "elele ngempela." Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abaningi batuse ukuthi abasebenzisi be-AMD balungise le ngxenye yokucushwa uma befuna ukulungisa uhlelo lwabo.
Ukuziphatha kokupaka okuyinhloko ku-Windows Server 2012 kanye ne-Intel processors
I-Microsoft ibhale izinguquko ezibalulekile ekuziphatheni okuzenzakalelayo kokupaka okuyinhloko kusukela nge- Windows Server 2012. Kule nguqulo, uhlelo lokusebenza luthola uhlobo lweprosesa efakiwe futhi, ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi, lunquma ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi luvule noma lukhubaze isici sokupaka okuyinhloko.
Umgomo walolu shintsho ucacile: ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwe-CPU iyonke kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngaphandle kokudinga noma yikuphi ukungenelela komsebenzisi. Kwabanye abaprosesa, ikakhulukazi izizukulwane eziningi zama-Intel CPU, i-Windows Server 2012 ikhubaza indawo yokupaka eyinhloko ngokuzenzakalelayo , ibheka lokhu njengebhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza ezimweni ezijwayelekile zeseva.
I-Microsoft ngokwayo ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo kulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukwakheka ngakunye , nokuthi uhlelo lunquma ukuthi ukupaka okuyinhloko kufanele kuvunyelwe noma kukhutshazwe kuye ngeprosesa ethile.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: I-Microsoft ayinikezi indlela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, elula, futhi esekelwa ngokusemthethweni yokuvula kabusha indawo yokupaka ephakathi uma uhlelo luyikhubazile ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma i-Windows inquma ukuthi indawo yokupaka ephakathi kufanele ikhubaziswe kwihadiwe yakho, akwenzi kube lula ukuphoqa okuphambene nalokho.
Isizathu esinikeziwe ukuthi ukuguqula lokhu kuziphatha ngesandla kungalimaza ukusebenza kwe-CPU . Ngenxa yokuthi kunengozi yangempela yokuwohloka kokusebenza, i-Microsoft isho ngokusobala ukuthi ayincomi noma ayisekeli ama-OEM noma abasebenzisi abashintsha lesi silungiselelo ku-Windows Server 2012 uma iphikisana nokucushwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi, kumaprosesa amaningi e-Intel ezindaweni zeseva, i-Windows Server 2012 ishiya indawo yokupaka eyinhloko ingasebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo , ithembele kakhulu kwamanye amasu okuphatha amandla kanye ne-logic yomhleli wenqubo ukuze igcine ukusebenza okuhle ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla okwamukelekayo.
Indawo yokupaka eyinhloko, umhleli wenqubo, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi lwangempela
Uma sihlaziya indlela iWindows eziphatha ngayo lapho i-core parking ivuliwe, i -process scheduler idlala indima ebalulekile . Le ngxenye inquma ukuthi iyiphi i-core thread ngayinye esebenza kuyo nokuthi umthwalo womsebenzi usatshalaliswa kanjani phakathi kwama-core atholakalayo.
Ku-Windows, ishejuli ivame ukuhambisa izintambo phakathi kwazo zonke i-unparked cores ezitholakalayo , ngisho noma kungekho sizathu esiqinile sokwenza kanjalo, inqobo nje uma i-candidate cores ikhululekile. Lokhu kunemiphumela ewusizo: uhlelo olune-single-threaded (1T), isibonelo, lungagcina lusebenza ngokushintshana kuma-cores amabili noma ngaphezulu asebenzayo uma engapakiwe, esikhundleni sokunamathela kweyodwa kuphela.
Abanye abasebenzisi abaye bazama ukulungisa indawo yokupaka eyinhloko baye baphawula ukuthi, ngisho nasezilungiselelweni ezinamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi ngaphansi kwemithwalo elula umgogodla owodwa kuphela ohlala ungapaki , uhlelo lubhekana nokukhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile lapho umgogodla wesibili "ungapaki," futhi ingxenye yomthwalo igxuma isuka komunye umgogodla iye komunye ngaphandle kwesidingo sangempela.
Umbono jikelele ukuthi i-algorithm yokupaka/yokususa ukupaka, kuhlanganiswe nomhleli, ivame ukuhlala ingemuva kwemicimbi yangempela . Ngenxa yokuthi isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi esidlule hhayi emthwalweni osuzofika, ihlala "idlala ngokubamba": isabela sekwephuzile futhi ivame ukukhokha ngokweqile, okuholela ekuziphatheni okungazinzile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amapharamitha angaphakathi anikeza i-algorithm awabonakali elinganiswe kahle ezimweni ezithile , okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufeza umphumela onembile futhi obikezelwayo ngempela. Yingakho abathandi abaningi bebheka ukusetshenziswa kweMicrosoft, okungenani, njengokungathuthukiswa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo, i-Linux ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iphatha lezi zimo ngendlela eqhubekayo nangendlela ephumelelayo . Lapho, uma uhlelo olungaphansi olufana nomhleli wezinhlelo lungasebenzi kahle ngokwanele, umphakathi uphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa noma ukushintshwa, okuvivinywa kahle, futhi uma kunikeza izinzuzo ngempela, kuyahlanganiswa. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokwehla kokusebenza okukhulu futhi kusho ukuthi izinguquko ngokuvamile ziholela ekuthuthukisweni kwabasebenzisi abaningi.
Nokho, ohlelweni lwe-Windows, kunomkhuba omkhulu wokugcina imikhuba ethile emidala ngezizathu zokuhambisana . Isibonelo, kusolwa ukuthi iMicrosoft iyaqhubeka nomkhuba wokusabalalisa umthwalo womsebenzi kuwo wonke ama-core atholakalayo ngoba ezinye izinhlelo ze-OEM zingase zithembele kule ndlela yokuphatha ukushisa kwazo. Nakuba lokhu kuthinta kabi ukusebenza kokucushwa okuningi, ingozi yokuphula okuthile ezinhlelweni ezithile zezentengiselwano idlula noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezingaba khona.
Umthelela wendawo yokupaka eyinhloko ekusebenzeni, emidlalweni, kanye nasezilinganisweni
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ukuthi ngabe ukukhubaza i-core parking kuyayithuthukisa yini i-FPS kanye nokuzinza emidlalweni . Impendulo emfushane ithi: kuncike kumdlalo, ihadiwe, kanye nendlela uhlelo oluhlelwe ngayo. Asikho isisombululo esifanelana konke.
Kunezimo ezibhaliwe lapho umehluko kuma-benchmark okwenziwa uncane kakhulu , okulingana no-1-2% ezivivinyweni ezifana ne-3DMark06, futhi ngokuvamile kuphela ekucushweni okuthile okuthile. Ezindaweni zanamuhla, ngezinguqulo ezintsha zama-benchmark noma imidlalo elungiselelwe kahle ukucubungula ama-multi-core, lo mehluko uvame ukuba mncane noma ungabi khona nhlobo.
Into exakayo ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla kunemidlalo, ikakhulukazi eminye iminyango engacwebezeli kahle, lapho ubuchwepheshe bokukhubaza njenge-Hyper-Threading (HT) bungabangela i-FPS encane engcono . Ngokwethiyori, i-HT akufanele ibe yimbi kakhulu ekusebenzeni: okubi kakhulu, akufanele ibe nomthelela. Kodwa kuye kwabonwa izimo, kokubili kumaprosesa amadala njenge-Pentium 4s yokuqala ene-HT, kanye nakwihadiwe yesimanje kakhulu, lapho eminye imidlalo isebenza kabi kakhulu nge-HT evuliwe.
Kwenzeka into efanayo nge-core parking: emidlalweni ethile noma ezinjinini ezingalungiswanga kahle, inhlanganisela ye-Hyper-Threading, i-core parking, kanye ne-scheduler kungaveza imiphumela engemihle . Lokhu kuhumusha, isibonelo, kube ukungingiza okuncane noma ukushintshashintsha okungajwayelekile komthwalo we-CPU okuthinta ubuncane be-FPS.
Kuye kwaphawulwa nokuthi amanye ama-benchmark amadala awakhuli kahle ngama-cores amaningi noma ukucushwa kwe-multi-GPU , futhi angenza kabi kakhulu uma uhlelo lunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo. Lokhu kuyaxaka, kodwa kubonisa izinga lapho isofthiwe idinga ukwakhiwa kahle khona ukuze isebenzise ngempela ama-CPU anamuhla.
Uma ucabanga ngakho konke lokhu, iseluleko esiwusizo ngokuvamile ukuzama: ohlelweni lwakho oluthile, nge-CPU yakho kanye nemidlalo yakho evamile , ukukhubaza indawo yokupaka eyinhloko kungenza umehluko omncane, noma ungase uqaphele ukuthuthuka okuncane ekuzinzeni kwe-FPS. Kodwa ungalindeli izimangaliso: ngokuvamile umehluko uzoba mfushane futhi uncike kakhulu esimweni.
Shintsha indawo yokupaka ephakathi usebenzisa iRegistry, izinhlelo zikagesi, namathuluzi
Ngokomthetho, i-Windows inikeza ukulawula okuthile endaweni yokupaka ephakathi ngokusebenzisa izinketho zohlelo lwamandla oluthuthukisiwe . Kodwa-ke, eziningi zalezi zinketho azibonakali ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kufanele uhlele i-Windows Registry ukuze uziveze noma uphoqe ukuziphatha okuthile.
Ngokulungisa lezi zinketho, ungachaza ukuthi zingaki izinhlayiya okufanele zihlale zisebenza , iphesenti eliphezulu lezinhlayiya ezingapakwa, nokuthi uhlelo kufanele lusabele kanjani ezinguqukweni zomthwalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyalulekwa futhi ukubuyekeza i-BIOS ngokuphephile . Lezi zinhlayiya zivumela abasebenzisi abathuthukile ukuthi benze ngokwezifiso kakhulu indlela yokupaka eyinhloko.
Ngaphezu kwendlela yokwenza ngesandla, kunezinsiza ezithile ezifana neParkControl ezenza yonke le nqubo ibe lula futhi ifinyeleleke kalula. I-ParkControl uhlelo oluklanyelwe ngqo ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza ukupaka kwe-CPU ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqala kabusha ikhompyutha noma ukungena kwiRegistry.
Ngalezi zinhlobo zamathuluzi ungashintsha ngokushesha amanani ahlobene nokupaka okuyinhloko kanye namaza e-CPU , okwenza kube lula ukuhlola izinhlanganisela ezahlukene bese ubona ukuthi zithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke.
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi, esikhundleni sokulwa nezinkinobho eziyimfihlo kanye nama-GUID angenamkhawulo ku-Registry, une -interface ecacile yokuvumela noma ukukhubaza ukupaka okuyinhloko ohlelweni ngalunye lwamandla , ukulungisa amaphesenti amancane/aphezulu ama-core asebenzayo, kanye nokuzama amaphrofayili ahlukene (ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukulinganisela, ukonga amandla, njll.).
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulungisa la mapharamitha ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele umsebenzi wawo kungaba nemiphumela emibi : ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, amafeni aphezulu, noma ngisho nokusebenza okuncishisiwe ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi. Akuyona imilingo; kumane kungenye indlela yokulungisa ukuziphatha kwe-CPU kanye nohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinto eziwusizo ezicatshangelwayo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi
Uma une-PC yesimanje eneprosesa efana ne- Intel Core i9-13900 (engeyona i-K) noma enye iprosesa yesizukulwane esisha , kuvamile ukuzibuza ukuthi kunengqondo yini ukukhubaza indawo yokupaka ukuze uthole ukuzinza emidlalweni noma ukunciphisa ukungingiza okuncane ku-FPS.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwedeskithophu okuvamile, ukuphequlula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi, noma ngisho nokudalwa kokuqukethwe okulula, ngokuvamile kungcono ukushiya indawo yokupaka eyinhloko kuzilungiselelo zayo ezizenzakalelayo . Ama-algorithms esimanje e-Windows enza umsebenzi ofanele wokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuphendula kwesistimu, ikakhulukazi kuma-CPU anamandla kakhulu lapho izinsiza zingalinganiselwe khona.
Kubadlali abafuna kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abafuna ukwandisa ukuzinza kwe-FPS nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka , ukubuyekeza ukulungiswa kwe-PC yokudlala kungaba usizo, futhi kunengqondo kakhulu ukuzama ukucushwa okunye. Kulezi zimo, ukuvimbela kancane noma ngokuphelele ukupaka okuyinhloko ohlelweni lwamandla olusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokudlala kungaba usizo kwezinye izihloko, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kumaseva noma izindawo zokusebenza ezikhiqizwa njalo, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa i-Windows Server 2012 noma kamuva , futhi uhlelo lukhubaze indawo yokupaka eyinhloko yeprosesa yakho, ukulandela izincomo ze-Microsoft nokungaphoqeleli izinguquko ngokuvamile kuyindlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu yokwenza. Ukulungiswa okuncane, okungakahlelwanga kahle kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo, okuphambene nalokho okufunayo.
Kunoma yisiphi isimo esibucayi, uma udinga ukwesekwa okusemthethweni, iMicrosoft incoma ngisho nokuqoqa ulwazi lokuxilonga ngamathuluzi athile afana ne-TSS ezinkingeni zokufakwa, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukudlala ngamapharamitha abucayi njengokupaka okuyinhloko wedwa.
Singasho ukuthi indawo yokupaka ephakathi iyithuluzi eliwusizo kodwa elibucayi : lingakunika amandla engeziwe okusebenza kahle noma ukuzinza uma ulihlela kahle, kodwa futhi kungaba yisithiyo uma i-algorithm yesistimu ingahambisani kahle nehadiwe yakho noma izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezithile.
Indawo yokupaka ephakathi ingenye yalezo zici zeWindows ezibonisa ubunzima bokuphatha amaprosesa esimanje e-multi-core: isenzo sokulinganisela njalo phakathi kokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuhambisana . Ukuqonda ukuthi yenzani, ukuthi isebenzisana kanjani nesheduli yenqubo, kanye nethuba langempela lokuthuthuka ngokushintsha amapharamitha ayo kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukucindezela i-FPS embalwa emidlalweni yakho, ukugcina iseva yakho izinzile, noma umane uvumele uhlelo lokusebenza luyiphathe bese ukhohlwa ngayo.
