Indlela yokuvuselela i-BIOS ngokuphephile futhi ngaphandle kokumangala

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Ukuvuselela i-BIOS ye-PC sekuyinto ephoqelekile kubasebenzisi abaningi, ikakhulukazi ngokufika kwe-Windows 11, izinkinga zakamuva ngamaphrosesa e-Intel esizukulwane se-13 nese-14, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha ezintsha. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengomsebenzi obucayi, ngolwazi olucacile kanye nezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha, ungakwenza ekhaya ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kule migqa elandelayo, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele ngesiSpanishi (eSpain) ohlanganisa ulwazi oluvela kubakhiqizi abakhulu (i-ASUS, i-Dell, i-HP, i-GIGABYTE, i-ASRock, i-GEEKOM, njll.), kanye neseluleko esiwusizo sokuthi kufanele sibuyekezwe nini, ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani, yiziphi izingozi ezihilelekile, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okungahambi kahle. Umgomo uwukuthi uqedele lesi sihloko wazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ngokusekelwe kukhompyutha yakho ethile nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze lapho ushintsha i-BIOS.

Iyini ngempela i-BIOS (futhi kungani manje ibizwa ngokuthi i-UEFI njalo)

I-BIOS "ubuchopho" obuncane obuqala ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho ngaphambi kokuthi iWindows, iLinux, noma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luqale. Isifinyezo sayo simele i-Basic Input/Output System, futhi yi-firmware yayo egcinwe ku-chip kubhodi lomama esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwehadiwe (i-CPU, i-RAM, amadiski, ihluzo, njll.) kanye nohlelo lokusebenza.

Uma ucindezela inkinobho yokuvula , into yokuqala eqalayo yi-BIOS: ithola i-CPU, i-chipset, imemori, abalawuli, kanye nama-drive esitoreji, bese isebenzisa i-power-on self-test (POST). Uma kukhona into ebalulekile ehluleka, uhlelo luyama, lukhale, lubonise amakhodi amaphutha, noma luze luvale ukuze luzivikele.

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, i-BIOS yakudala ithathelwe indawo yi-UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). Noma kunjalo, cishe wonke umuntu usayibiza ngokuthi "i-BIOS" ngoba imfushane futhi sesisebenzise lelo gama iminyaka eminingi. I-UEFI inikeza isikhombikubona sesimanje, ukwesekwa kwegundane, izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, kanye nezici ezintsha zokuphepha.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-BIOS ne-UEFI ukuthi i-disk boot iphathwa kanjani: i-BIOS yendabuko isebenzisa i-MBR (Master Boot Record), kuyilapho i-UEFI isebenzisa i-GPT (GUID Partition Table), evumela amadiski amakhulu kakhulu; uma udinga ukufuduka, ungaguqula idiski ye-MBR ibe yi-GPT.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-BIOS kanye nomehluko nge-UEFI

Ngaphezu kokuqalisa kabusha i-PC, i-BIOS inikeza imenyu yokucushwa ovame ukuyifinyelela ngokucindezela u-F2, u-Delete, u-F10, noma ukhiye ofanayo lapho uvula ikhompyutha. Ukusuka lapho, ungashintsha i-oda lokuqalisa, usuku nesikhathi, uphathe izilungiselelo zamandla, unike amandla noma ukhubaze amadivayisi angaphakathi, ulungiselele amaphasiwedi, nokunye okuningi.

Umsebenzi we-BIOS POST uhlola ukuthi ihadiwe eyisisekelo iyasebenza yini. Uma uthola inkinga, ikwazisa ngemisindo, amakhodi ezinombolo esikrinini, izibani ezikhanyayo, noma imiyalezo yamaphutha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingase inqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze ivimbele umonakalo owengeziwe kubhodi lomama noma ukunikezwa kwamandla.

I-UEFI ikhula kakhulu kulowo mqondo wakudala : ifaka phakathi isikhombikubona sezithombe esinokusekelwa kwegundane, amamenyu anethebhu, amathuluzi okuvuselela i-firmware avela ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS uqobo, izinsiza zokuhlola imemori, kanye nokuqalisa inethiwekhi okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenzisa i-Secure Boot ukuvimba isofthiwe enonya ekuqaleni.

Izinzuzo ezisebenzayo ze-UEFI kune-BIOS endala ziyabonakala ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke: izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, ukuphathwa okulula ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa igundane, ukuhambisana namadiski amakhulu, kanye nemisebenzi yokutakula ephelele uma kukhona okungahambi kahle nge-firmware.

Kunini lapho kufanele ubuyekeze i-BIOS (nokuthi ungayithinti nini)

Umthetho wokuqala nge-BIOS ucacile : uma ikhompyutha yakho isebenza kahle futhi ungadingi lutho olusha, ungayibuyekezi ngokushesha. Ukukhanyisa i-BIOS kuhlale kunengozi, yize izinqubo zithuthuke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningana lapho kunconywa khona kakhulu.

Ukuhambisana nama-CPU e-Windows 11 namadala kungenye yezizathu ezivame kakhulu. Amakhompyutha amaningi anamaprosesa e-Intel noma e-AMD Ryzen 2000 esizukulwane sesi-9 adinga inguqulo yakamuva ye-BIOS ukuze anike amandla futhi asekele izici ezifana ne-TPM 2.0 kanye ne -Secure Boot , okuyizidingo ezibalulekile zokufaka i-Windows 11 ngokusemthethweni.

Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokubuyekeza ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha . Abakhiqizi bakhipha izinguqulo ze-BIOS ezilungisa ubuthakathaka obukhulu (njenge-Spectre, i-Meltdown, nezinye izinsongo ezifanayo), ziqinisa i-secure boot, futhi zilungise amaphutha angadalula idatha yakho noma avumele ukuhlaselwa okuphansi kakhulu.

Isibuyekezo se-BIOS singathuthukisa nokuzinza nokusebenza : ukuhambisana ne-RAM esheshayo, ukuziphatha kwe-CPU okulungisiwe, ukuphathwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo kancane. Ngeke uthole i-FPS eyi-100 emangalisayo, kodwa uzobona uhlelo oluzinzile kakhulu olungasheshi kakhulu ukuphahlazeka.

Okokugcina, uma ushintshe ihadiwe (i-CPU entsha, amamojula ememori ahlukene, amadrayivu amasha e-NVMe , njll.), ngezinye izikhathi ibhodi lomama lidinga inguqulo ethile ye-BIOS ukuze libone kahle lezo zingxenye futhi lisebenzise ngokugcwele yonke imisebenzi yazo.

Izingozi zangempela lapho kubuyekezwa i-BIOS kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile

Ukuvuselela i-BIOS kuwumsebenzi obucayi ngoba ubhala kabusha i-firmware evumela uhlelo ukuthi luqale. Uma kukhona okonakalayo phakathi nenqubo, ikhompyutha ingase ingaqali. Akwenzeki nsuku zonke, kodwa kufanele uqaphele kakhulu.

Isitha esikhulu ngesikhathi se-flash ye-BIOS ukucima kukagesi . Uma ugesi ucima noma ukhipha ikhompyutha ngesikhathi kubhalwa i-chip ye-BIOS, ungenza i-motherboard ingasebenzi. Kuma-laptop, le ngozi iyancipha uma ibhethri lishajwe ngokugcwele futhi ishaja ixhunyiwe; kuma-desktop, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) uma indawo yakho ihlangabezana nokucima kukagesi njalo.

Enye ingozi evamile izinkinga zokuhambisana : ukulanda ifayela le-BIOS elingahambisani kahle nemodeli yakho yebhodi le-motherboard, ukusebenzisa idrayivu ye-USB ngefomethi engalungile (lapho umenzi edinga i-FAT32), noma ukubuyekeza kusuka kusofthiwe engekho emthethweni. Konke lokhu kungagwenywa ngokulanda njalo i-BIOS kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni nokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi.

Ukulahleka kwedatha nakho kuyingozi engaqondile . Ukwehluleka kokubuyekeza kuhlanganiswe nokubethela njenge-BitLocker kungashiya uhlelo lungafinyeleleki uma ungenalo ukhiye wokutakula. Yingakho kubalulekile ukulungiselela ama-backups afanele nokuphatha ukubethela ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubuyekeza, kungumqondo omuhle ukwenza ukuhlola okuningana : yenza isipele samafayela akho abalulekile, hlola inguqulo yakho yamanje ye-BIOS, ubhale phansi izilungiselelo zakho zamanje, hlola isimo se-BitLocker, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela lokubuyekeza lifana ncamashi nemodeli yakho yebhodi lomama noma yekhompyutha.

Amalungiselelo abalulekile ngaphambi kokubuyekeza i-BIOS

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho ebalulekile: amadokhumenti, izithombe, amavidiyo, izilungiselelo zohlelo olubalulekile, ulwazi lwe-imeyili, kanye namabhukhimakhi esiphequluli. I-hard drive yangaphandle noma ifu kuyizinketho ezinhle zokuba sohlangothini oluphephile.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlonza ngokucacile ibhodi lakho lomama noma imodeli yekhompyutha . Ku-PC yedeskithophu, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi anjenge-CPU-Z ukubuka izingxenye ze-PC yakho . Kuma-laptops anamagama kanye nama-PC amancane (i-Alienware, i-Dell, i-ASUS, i-HP, i-GEEKOM, njll.), mane uhlole ilebula elingezansi, ibhokisi lokuqala, noma ulwazi lwesistimu ku-Windows.

Ukuze uthole inguqulo yakho yamanje ye-BIOS ku-Windows , cindezela u-Windows + R, thayipha u-msinfo32, bese ucindezela u-Enter. Efasiteleni Lolwazi Lwesistimu, uzobona insimu ebizwa ngokuthi "Inguqulo/Usuku lwe-BIOS" lapho ungabona khona ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyifakile nokuthi nini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola isimo se-BitLocker noma ukubethela kwedivayisi . Uma ukubethela kuvuliwe (okuvamile kuma-laptop anamuhla), kungumqondo omuhle ukukukhubaza okwesikhashana noma, okungenani, qiniseka ukuthi ukhiye wakho wokutakula ugcinwe ngokuphephile. Kuvamile ukuthi i-Windows icele lo khiye ekuqaleni ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-BIOS.

Okokugcina, hlola izilungiselelo zamandla kanye nokulala . Ku-laptop, qiniseka ukuthi inamandla ebhethri anele, ixhunyiwe, nokuthi imodi yokulala ikhutshaziwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ku-desktop computer, hlola ukuthi izintambo zikagesi ziphephile futhi ugweme ukuhlela isibuyekezo ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu.

Ukuphathwa kwamandla kanye nabashayeli: okungafanele ukukushaye indiva

Amandla abalulekile kuma-laptop : gcina idivayisi ixhunyiwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungenani ibhethri lishaje okungenani u-50%, futhi ukhubaze noma yiziphi izindlela "zokonga amandla okunamandla" ezingase zizame ukumisa uhlelo phakathi nenqubo. Gwema ukuyihambisa noma ukuyiphatha ngokweqile ngenkathi ibuyekeza.

Kuma-PC edeskithophu, umkhuba omuhle ukusebenzisa i-UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) uma unayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi usesimweni esihle. Hlola ukuthi inkinobho yokuvula ngemuva kogesi iphephile nokuthi intambo kagesi ayikhululekile endaweni yokukhipha.

Kunconywa kakhulu futhi ukuthi ulungiselele noma yimaphi abashayeli ongase ubadinge ngemuva kokubuyekezwa kwe-BIOS: i-chipset, ihluzo, inethiwekhi, kanye nabashayeli besitoreji. Zilande kuwebhusayithi yomenzi bese uzilondoloza uma kwenzeka udinga ukuzifaka kabusha ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngemva kokukhanyisa.

Ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile sesimo samanje sesistimu yakho , ungavula i-Windows Device Manager bese uthatha isithombe-skrini esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuzokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izinguqulo zomshayeli ozifakile futhi kwenze kube lula ukubuyela esimweni esifanayo uma kukhona okungalungiselelwanga kahle.

Izindlela zokuvuselela i-BIOS ku-Windows: i-MyASUS, abafaki, kanye ne-Windows Update

Abakhiqizi abaningi besimanje banikeza izindlela eziningana zokuvuselela i-BIOS ngqo kusuka ku-Windows, ngaphandle kokulungisa ngesandla idrayivu ye-USB. I-ASUS, isibonelo, ihlanganisa umsebenzi kuhlelo lwayo lwe-MyASUS; i-Dell ikwenza ngokusebenzisa ama-executable ayo noma i-SupportAssist; abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-@BIOS (GIGABYTE) noma ama-wizard e-HP uqobo.

Kumadivayisi e-ASUS kanye ne-x86/x64 , ungathola uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-MyASUS kumenyu ye-Windows Start. Uma usufikile, iya ku-"System Update." Uhlelo lokusebenza luzohlola ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga ukubuyekezwa futhi, uma imodeli yakho iyisekela, izobonisa izinto ezifana ne-"BIOS Update for Windows" noma i-"BIOS Installer for Windows." Khetha into efanele, yamukela, ulande, bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze uqedele inqubo.

Uma ikhompyutha yakho ye-ASUS ingabonisi ithebhu yokubuyekeza uhlelo noma ezinye izinketho ze-BIOS ze-Windows, ungakhathazeki: kusho ukuthi kuleyo modeli ethile kuzodingeka usebenzise indlela yakudala yokubuyekeza kusuka ku-BIOS uqobo (EZ Flash) noma ulande ifayela kusuka kuwebhusayithi yokusekela bese ulisebenzisa ngokulandela imiyalelo enikeziwe.

Enye inketho yamadivayisi amaningi ukulanda ifayela ekhasini lokusekela elisemthethweni . Iya kuwebhusayithi yomenzi, faka imodeli eqondile yedivayisi yakho, zulazula uye esigabeni sokulanda noma sokushayela, bese uthola isigaba se-BIOS/firmware. Landa inguqulo enconywayo (ngokuvamile ukukhishwa kwakamuva okuzinzile), khipha amafayela uma kuyingobo yomlando ye-ZIP, bese usebenzisa isifaki se-BIOS uma kuyisibuyekezo se-Windows.

I-Windows Update ingasabalalisa futhi izibuyekezo ze-BIOS kumakhompyutha athile, ikakhulukazi lawo avela kumikhiqizo efana ne-Dell, HP, Lenovo, njll. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala njengezibuyekezo ze-firmware ozikhethelayo noma ezinconywayo. Ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-11, ungazithola ku-Izilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo se-Windows > Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe > Izibuyekezo Ongazikhethela.

Indlela yokuvuselela i-BIOS ngqo kusuka ku-firmware uqobo (i-USB kanye nemodi ye-flash)

Indlela evame kakhulu yokuvuselela i-BIOS ihilela ukulungiselela idrayivu ye-USB enefayela le-firmware nokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuvuselela elihlanganiswe ne-BIOS/UEFI uqobo. Le ndlela ivame kakhulu kumabhodi ebhodi edeskithophu futhi isetshenziswa nakumakhompyutha amaningi aqanjwe ngegama uma umenzi enganikezi isifaki se-Windows.

Inqubo eyisisekelo ifana kakhulu cishe kubo bonke abakhiqizi : okokuqala, lungiselela idrayivu ye-USB efomethwe ku-FAT32 bese ukopisha ifayela le-BIOS kufolda yempande (ngaphandle kwamafolda akhethekile). Bese, qala kabusha i-PC yakho, faka i-BIOS ngokucindezela u-Delete, F2, F10, noma ukhiye ofanele, bese ubheka inketho ebizwa ngokuthi “EZ Flash,” “Instant Flash,” “Q-Flash,” “BIOS Flash Update,” noma into efanayo.

Uma usungene kulolo hlelo lokusebenza, khetha idrayivu ye-USB njengomthombo , khetha ifayela le-BIOS elihambisanayo, bese uqala inqubo yokukhanyisa. Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, okumele ukwenze nje ukungathinti lutho nhlobo: akukho ikhibhodi, akukho mouse, akukho inkinobho yamandla. Ikhompyutha ingase iqale kabusha izikhathi eziningana futhi ibonise imigoqo yokuqhubeka noma izikrini eziphazamisayo, kodwa konke lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo.

Amanye ama-BIOS anamuhla afaka "imodi ye-flash" ethile etholakala kuthebhu ethi Amathuluzi noma imenyu ethuthukisiwe. Lapho, ubhala uhlu lwama-drive axhunyiwe, ukhethe i-USB drive kanye nefayela le-BIOS, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ufuna ukuqala isibuyekezo. Kungcono njalo ukusebenzisa ama-port e-USB angemuva kumakhompyutha edeskithophu futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa ama-hub.

Uma inqubo iqeda ngempumelelo , umlayezo wokuqinisekisa uvame ukuvela obonisa ukuthi isibuyekezo sesiqediwe futhi uhlelo luzoqala kabusha. Ngemva kokuqalisa kokuqala, kuvamile ukuthi i-BIOS ibonise umlayezo mayelana nezilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo ezibuyiselwayo noma ikucele ukuthi uqinisekise amanye amapharamitha.

Izinqubo ezithile kuye ngomkhiqizi (i-ASUS, i-GIGABYTE, i-ASRock, i-Dell, i-HP, i-mini PC, njll.)

Uhlobo ngalunye lunezincazelo zalo ezicashile , ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukwazi izisekelo zalezo ezivame kakhulu. Nakuba umqondo ufana, amagama ezinsiza kanye nemininingwane yokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ifayela le-BIOS kuyahlukahluka.

Kumabhodi e-ASUS , ungabuyekeza kusuka ku-Windows usebenzisa i-MyASUS noma ngqo kusuka ku-UEFI usebenzisa ithuluzi le-EZ Flash. Kule ndlela yokugcina, fometha idrayivu ye-USB njenge-FAT32, faka i-BIOS usebenzisa i-Delete noma i-F2, zulazulela kunketho ye-EZ Flash (ngokuvamile kuthebhu ethi "Amathuluzi"), bese ukhetha ifayela le-BIOS kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB. I-ASUS iphinde inikeze izindlela ezithile zokubuyekeza i-Windows zezakhiwo ze-ARM namaphakheji e-BSP afaka i-BIOS nabashayeli.

Kumabhodi e-ASRock, ithuluzi libizwa ngokuthi i-Instant Flash. Ufinyelela i-BIOS ngokucindezela u-Delete ekuqaleni, uye esigabeni esifanele, bese uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo luthola amafayela e-BIOS asebenzayo kudrayivu ye-USB (FAT32). Vele ukhethe inguqulo efanele bese uqalisa inqubo, ehambisana ne-USB 2.0 kanye ne-3.0.

I-GIGABYTE isebenzisa i-Q-Flash , efinyeleleka kalula kusuka ku-BIOS ngokucindezela inkinobho noma kusuka kumenyu uqobo. Idrayivu ye-USB efomethwe njenge-FAT32 enefayela kufolda yempande nayo iyanconywa. Uma usuyi-Q-Flash, khetha okuthi "Buyekeza kusuka kufayela," zulazula uye kwimemori, bese uqinisekisa i-flash.

I-Dell inikeza izinketho eziningana : ungalanda i-BIOS esebenzisekayo kwiwebhusayithi yabo yokusekela bese uyisebenzisa ku-Windows, noma usebenzise inketho ethi "BIOS Flash Update" evelayo uma ucindezela i-F12 ngesikhathi sokuqalisa bese ufaka imenyu yokuqalisa yesikhathi esisodwa. Esimweni sokugcina, ukhetha ifayela le-BIOS kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB bese ulandela imiyalelo esesikrinini.

I-HP ivame ukuvumela izibuyekezo kokubili ngaphakathi kwe-Windows isebenzisa umsizi wayo wesofthiwe kanye ne-BIOS uqobo ngokucindezela i-F10 bese ukhetha umsebenzi wokubuyekeza. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga idrayivu ye-USB efomethwe njenge-FAT32, okungcono kube engenalutho, futhi amamodeli amaningi ancoma ukusebenzisa ama-port angemuva.

Indlela ye-GEEKOM kuma-PC amancane icacile impela . Ngokuvamile anikeza izibuyekezo ezintsha ze-BIOS kuphela uma kutholakale inkinga ethile, ngakho-ke uma i-PC yakho encane isebenza kahle, ukubuyekeza akukhuthazwa. Uma udinga ukubuyekeza, landa ifayela le-BIOS kuwebhusayithi yokusekela esemthethweni, ulikopishele ku-FAT32 USB drive (ifayela kuphela, akukho okunye okuqukethwe), faka i-BIOS usebenzisa ukhiye we-Delete, khubaza i-Secure Boot, londoloza, qala kabusha, sebenzisa i-F7 ukufinyelela imenyu yokuqalisa, bese ukhetha i-USB drive; isibuyekezo sizoqala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma usuqedile, faka kabusha i-BIOS ukuze uphinde uvule i-Secure Boot.

Isibuyekezo se-BIOS kuma-processor e-Intel esizukulwane se-13 nese-14 kanye namanye amacala akhethekile

Muva nje, izixwayiso zivele emidlalweni efana ne-World of Warcraft lapho kutholakala khona amakhompyutha anama-Intel CPU esizukulwane se-13 noma se-14 angenazo izibuyekezo ze-BIOS ezidingekayo ukulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle kweprosesa. Uma ubona umlayezo oncoma kakhulu isibuyekezo se-BIOS, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uwulandele.

Kumakhompyutha adumile njenge-Alienware, i-Dell XPS, i-Inspiron, i-Vostro, i-G Series, noma i-Dell workstations , inketho ephephile ukuya ngqo ekhasini lokusekela le-Dell, ufake imodeli noma inombolo ye-serial, bese ulanda inguqulo yakamuva ye-BIOS enconyiwe. Amaningi alawa makhompyutha akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise isibuyekezo kusuka ngaphakathi kwe-Windows usebenzisa ifayela elisebenzisekayo eliphatha konke.

Uma usebenza endaweni yebhizinisi noma usebenzisa ama-laptop ochwepheshe (i-Latitude, i-Precision, njll.), umenzi uvame ukuncoma izinhlobo ezithile ze-BIOS ukuze abhekane nokuzinza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, noma izinkinga zokuhambisana nezinguqulo ezintsha ze-Windows. Landela njalo amanothi abo okukhululwa, njengoba bevame ukucacisa ukuthi isibuyekezo sibalulekile noma simane singakhethwa.

Kuma-CPU amadala adinga ukuhambisana ne-Windows 11 (isizukulwane sesi-9 se-Intel, i-Ryzen 2000, njll.), hlola amanothi okukhishwa kwe-BIOS ebhodi lakho le-motherboard. Abakhiqizi abaningi basho ngokucacile ukuthi "Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuhambisana kwe-Windows 11," "Ukunika amandla kwe-TPM 2.0," noma okufanayo, ukuze wazi ukuthi yisiphi isibuyekezo okudingeka usifake.

Kumadivayisi e-ASUS ARM (amapulatifomu e-Qualcomm, isibonelo), inqubo yokuvuselela i-BIOS kanye ne-firmware ivame ukwenziwa ngamaphakheji e-MyASUS noma e-BSP afaka izingxenye ezahlukene: i-BIOS, uhlelo, i-multimedia, ama-peripherals, kanye nabashayeli bokuxhumana. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukulandela umhlahlandlela othize we-ARM futhi ungasebenzisi izindlela ezenzelwe i-x86/x64.

Icala elithile le-Windows 11: i-TPM, i-Secure Boot, i-BitLocker kanye ne-Windows Update

Ukufika kwe-Windows 11 kubeke i-BIOS endaweni evelele ngenxa yezimfuneko zayo zokuphepha: i-TPM 2.0, i-Secure Boot ivuliwe, kanye nezinga elithile lokusekelwa kwe-firmware kwezinqubo zesimanje zokuqalisa. Isibuyekezo se-BIOS singabaluleka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zimfuneko.

Ngemva kokubuyekeza, hlola isimo se-TPM kanye ne-Secure Boot ngokufaka kabusha i-BIOS/UEFI. Ngezinye izikhathi, izilungiselelo zibuyela kumanani azenzakalelayo, futhi i-TPM noma i-Secure Boot ingase ikhutshazwe. Ukuze ugcine ukuhambisana kwe-Windows 11 kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu, qiniseka ukuthi uyazinika amandla kabusha.

I-BitLocker ivame ukuba yinkinga ebucayi . Ushintsho lwe-BIOS lungabangela i-Windows ukuthi icabangele indawo eshintshiwe bese ikucela ukuthi uthole ukhiye wokutakula. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuwugcina kusengaphambili (ku-akhawunti yakho ye-Microsoft, kufayela, kuphrintiwe, njll.) bese ucabanga ukuthi kuyalulekwa yini ukukhubaza okwesikhashana ukubethela ngaphambi kokukhanyisa.

Ngokuphathelene ne-Windows Update, kuvamile ukuthi ezinye izibuyekezo ze-BIOS zifike ngokuzenzakalelayo ngalolu hlelo, ikakhulukazi kuma-laptops nama-desktops adumile. Uma ikhompyutha yakho isekelwa kahle, uzobona lezi zibuyekezo zibhalwe njenge-firmware noma i-BIOS ohlwini lwama-patches atholakalayo.

Uma uzothuthela kusuka ku-Windows 10 uye ku-Windows 11 , kungumqondo omuhle ukubuyekeza i-BIOS kuqala (ulandela njalo izincomo zomenzi) futhi, uma usuqinisekisile ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle nokuthi uhlelo luyayibona i-TPM 2.0 kanye ne-Secure Boot, qala isibuyekezo sesistimu yokusebenza.

Imiyalezo yamaphutha evamile lapho kubuyekezwa i-BIOS nokuthi ungasabela kanjani

Nakuba izibuyekezo eziningi ziphela ngaphandle kwezinkinga , amaphutha okuhambisana, amaphutha okubhala, noma ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani lezi zinkinga kukusiza ugweme ukwethuka futhi wenze ngokuhlakanipha.

Uma ubona imilayezo efana nokuthi “Iphutha Lokuhambisana” noma “Iphutha Lokuqinisekisa ,” kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ifayela le-BIOS alifani ncamashi nemodeli yebhodi lakho le-motherboard noma lonakele ngesikhathi sokulanda. Hlola imodeli yekhompyutha yakho, buyela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, landa ifayela futhi, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi igama nenguqulo kufana nolwazi olunconyiwe.

I-"Write Error" ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa ingabonisa inkinga yokubhala ku-chip ye-BIOS noma ukwehluleka kwesikhashana ukufunda kusuka ku-USB drive. Kulesi simo, zama ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho njengoba kuyalelwe yi-utility, ulungise kabusha i-USB drive ibe yi-FAT32, futhi, uma kungenzeka, zama i-USB drive ehlukile.

Uma inqubo iphazamiseka ngokungalindelekile (ithuluzi liyavalwa, liyeke, livale), qala uqinisekise ukuthi ugesi uzinzile, shiya ikhompyutha ivaliwe imizuzu embalwa, bese uzama inqubo futhi, ulandela imiyalelo ngqo. Uma i-BIOS ifaka izindlela zokutakula ngokuzenzakalela, ingase izisebenzise ekuqaliseni okulandelayo.

Uma kwenzeka iphutha eliqhubekayo noma elingajwayelekile (imiyalezo engaveli kumadokhumenti noma izikrini ezimnyama ezinde ngaphandle kwempendulo), isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ukuyeka, hhayi ukuphikelela ngokungaboni, bese uthintana ngqo nosekelo lobuchwepheshe lomkhiqizi, unikeze izithombe-skrini zemiyalezo uma unayo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ikhompyutha yakho ingaqali ngemuva kokuzama ukuvuselela i-BIOS

Uma ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuhlulekile i-PC iziphatha njengetshe (akukho okukhipha ividiyo, akukho ukubhonga, kungadluli imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala), usenezinketho eziningana ngaphambi kokuyeka ukusebenzisa i-motherboard, yize kufanele uqaphele kakhulu.

Qala njalo ngezinto eziyisisekelo : khipha ikhebula lamandla, ubambe inkinobho yamandla cishe imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuze ukhiphe noma yimaphi amandla asele, hlola i-RAM (susa bese ushintsha amamojula), qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zangaphakathi zixhunywe kahle, bese uzama ukuqala kabusha ngenani elincane kuphela (i-CPU, imojula eyodwa ye-RAM, ihluzo ezihlanganisiwe uma zikhona).

Ama-motherboard amaningi afaka indlela yokusetha kabusha i-BIOS : lokhu kungaba i-jumper yokusula i-CMOS, inkinobho ebonakalayo ku-motherboard, noma ukususa ibhethri le-CMOS okwesikhashana imizuzu embalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma une- password lock ye-BIOS, ngokuvamile kuneziqondiso ezitholakalayo zokuyivula . Bheka incwadi yakho ye-motherboard ukuze uthole inqubo eqondile bese uyilandela ngokunembile.

Amanye amamodeli ebhodi lomama kanye namakhompyutha anegama lomkhiqizo afaka umsebenzi wokubuyisa i-BIOS osebenza lapho uqala ngenhlanganisela ethile yokhiye noma ngokuxhuma idrayivu ethile ye-USB. Le modi izama ukubuyisela i-firmware esebenzayo kusuka kufayela eliphuthumayo.

Kumabhodi omama asezingeni eliphezulu ane-Dual BIOS , une-BIOS eyinhloko kanye ne-BIOS eyisipele. Uma i-BIOS eyinhloko yehluleka, ibhodi lomama lingazama ukuqala kabusha kusuka ku-BIOS eyisipele ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ngeswishi noma i-jumper. Uma usukwi-BIOS eyisipele, ungaphinda ulayishe i-BIOS eyinhloko ngefayela elifanele.

Uma konke okunye kwehluleka futhi idivayisi ingasabeli , sekuyisikhathi sokuxhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe olusemthethweni. Gwema ukuzama okwengeziwe uma ungaqiniseki, njengoba lokhu kungenza umonakalo ube mubi kakhulu noma kubeke engcupheni ukulungiswa kwewaranti.

Indlela futhi nini ukuthembela ekusekelweni komkhiqizi

Nakuba izibuyekezo eziningi ze-BIOS zingenziwa wedwa , kunezimo lapho kungcono khona ukucela usizo kumenzi ngqo, ikakhulukazi uma imishini ingaphansi kwewaranti noma kuyindawo yobungcweti lapho ungakwazi khona ukukhokhela amaphutha.

Kufanele ucabangele ukuxhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe lapho uhlelo lwehluleka ukuqala ngemva komzamo wokuvuselela, uhlelo lokutakula lungaphenduli, ubona amaphutha angajwayelekile noma aphindaphindayo, noma ubona iphunga elingajwayelekile, izinhlansi, noma ukuziphatha okungase kubonise umonakalo ongokwenyama ebhodini lomama.

Ngaphambi kokushaya ucingo noma ukuvula ithikithi lokusekela , lungisa ulwazi olufana nemodeli eqondile yekhompyutha yakho, inombolo yochungechunge, inguqulo ye-BIOS obunayo, inguqulo obuzama ukuyifaka, izinyathelo ozilandelile, nanoma yimiphi imiyalezo yamaphutha oyitholile. Uma unikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, kulapho bangakusiza khona ngokushesha.

Uma i-PC yakho ingaphansi kwewaranti , abakhiqizi abaningi bazokhokhela ukulungiswa noma bashintshe idivayisi uma inkinga ibangelwa ihadiwe noma i-firmware enephutha. Yingakho kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxazulula izinkinga ezengeziwe eziyingozi ngokwakho uma usola ukuthi inkinga isibe nkulu kakhulu.

Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-BIOS iyisici esibalulekile sokuphila kwekhompyutha yakho, kodwa ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, isipele esihle, kanye nokulandela iziqondiso ezisemthethweni, ungayibuyekeza ngokuphephile ukuze uthole ukuhambisana, ukuzinza, kanye nokuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside.