- I-DNS inquma kakhulu isivinini, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthembeka kokuxhumeka kwakho.
- I-Google DNS kanye ne-Cloudflare zihamba phambili ekusebenzeni komhlaba wonke, kodwa i-DNS yenkampani, njenge-Digi's, ingashesha ezindaweni ezithile.
- Kukhona amaseva e-DNS agxile kubumfihlo, ukulawula kwabazali, noma ukuvikelwa kwe-malware okungangena esikhundleni salawo anikezwa umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi.
- Ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router noma kumadivayisi akho kulula futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise uxhumano nezidingo zakho zesivinini kanye nokuphepha.
Abasebenzisi abaningi bahlangabezana nokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi okuhamba kancane noma amawebhusayithi athatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha, kodwa inkinga ayikho nge-Wi-Fi noma uxhumano lwe-fiber optic, noma izilungiselelo zomhlinzeki we-inthanethi , kodwa ngento engabonakali kakhulu: amaseva e-DNS. Ukushintsha izilungiselelo zakho ze-DNS kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuphequlula okuhamba kancane kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okusheshayo, okuphephile, nokungaphazanyiswa.
Uma siqhathanisa i-Google DNS vs. Digi, esikufunayo ngempela ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi i-resolver enikeza i-ping engcono, ukuzinza okukhulu, kanye nobumfihlo noma ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe . Impendulo ayilula njengokukhetha i-Google njalo: ezivivinyweni zangempela ezivela eMadrid, isibonelo, amaseva e-DNS e-Digi abelokhu ephumelela kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuphendula ezigciniwe, kuyilapho emhlabeni jikelele, i-Google ne-Cloudflare zivame ukubusa amazinga esivinini.
Ayini amaseva e-DNS futhi kungani enomthelela omkhulu kangaka ekuxhumaneni kwakho?
I-Domain Name System (DNS) uhlelo oluhumusha amagama esizinda okulula ukuwakhumbula (njenge-example.com) abe amakheli e-IP ezinombolo asetshenziswa amakhompyutha ukuxhuma. Ngaphandle kwalo, kuzodingeka ubambe ngekhanda ukulandelana okude kwezinombolo njalo uma ufuna ukufinyelela iwebhusayithi.
Ngobuchwepheshe, i-DNS iyisizindalwazi esikhulu, esisatshalaliswe, nesihlelekile esisakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Igcina ulwazi oluhlobene namagama ezizinda: amakheli e-IP amaseva ewebhu, indawo yamaseva eposi, amarekhodi ezinsizakalo ezithile, njalo njalo. Uma isiphequluli sakho sibuza ngesizinda, i-DNS resolver iqala ukusesha okuphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho ithola ikheli le-IP elifanele.
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko "ukuhumusha" igama libe yi-IP , kodwa lokho kuhumusha akuthathi hlangothi: indawo yeseva ye-DNS, indlela egcina ngayo ulwazi, umthwalo walo, noma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzisayo kuthinta ngqo ukubambezeleka nokuthembeka kokuphequlula kwakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke idivayisi kanye ne-router igcina inqolobane encane yezimpendulo zakamuva ze-DNS. Uma ikheli olicelayo likhona, isixazululo sicishe sibe khona ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, iseva elungiselelwe (umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi noma yomphakathi njenge-Google) iyabuzwa, futhi yilapho ukukhetha iseva ye-DNS efanele kungena khona.
Empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, asikwazi konke lokhu , kodwa ikhasi ngalinye olivakashelayo lingabandakanya izicelo eziningi ze-DNS (izikripthi, izithombe, izikhangiso, ama-CDN, njll.). Uma i-DNS yakho inenkinga, uzoyibona kumawebhusayithi ahlala isikhathi eside, imidlalo eku-inthanethi ebambezeleka kakhulu, noma ukuphazamiseka lapho ufinyelela izinsizakalo ezithile.
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa amaseva e-DNS ahlukene
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokushintsha i-DNS yakho ivame ukuba isivinini. Isixazululi esisendaweni ekahle esinengqalasizinda enhle siphendula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emibuzweni engakafakwanga ku-cache. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sisekela ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Anycast noma i-EDNS Client Subnet, sikuyisa kuseva yokuqukethwe eseduze, okubalulekile ekusakazeni nasekudlaleni imidlalo.
Elinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuzinza . Amanye amaseva e-ISP DNS aba nokugcwala ngokweqile ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu noma abhekane nokuphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ekutheni amawebhusayithi angaxazululeki, noma ngabe uxhumano olungokoqobo lusebenza kahle. Amaseva e-DNS avela kubahlinzeki abakhulu (i-Google, i-Cloudflare, i-OpenDNS, i-Quad9, njll.) ngokuvamile anokuphindaphindeka okwengeziwe, izikhungo zedatha eziningi, kanye nesikhathi esingcono sokusebenza.
Ukuphepha nakho kuyabandakanyeka . Abanye abaxazululi, ngaphezu kokuhumusha izizinda, bahlola uhlu olumnyama lwe-malware, i-phishing, ama-botnet, noma izizinda ezisolisayo. Bavimba ukulungiswa kwala makheli futhi bakuvimbele ekufikeni kumawebhusayithi azama ukweba iziqinisekiso noma ukufaka isofthiwe enonya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi olungajabulisi kangako, kukhona ubumfihlo . Umhlinzeki wakho we-DNS ubona zonke izicelo zakho, noma ngabe okuqukethwe kubethelwe nge-HTTPS. Abanye abahlinzeki bathembisa ukungabhalisi ama-IP noma ukususa ama-log ngemva kwamahora angu-24 noma angu-48; abanye bawasebenzisela ukuhlaziya kwangaphakathi, noma ungagcina uneseva ye-DNS enonya ekuqondisa kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu.
Okokugcina, ukushintsha izilungiselelo zakho ze-DNS kungakuvumela ukuthi udlule amabhlogo . Uma umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi evimbe isizinda ezingeni le-DNS (okuvamile kumasayithi okulanda, amasayithi okugembula, njll.), ukusebenzisa isixazululi senkampani yangaphandle esingasebenzisi lokhu kuhlunga kuzobuyisela ukufinyelela kwakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungasebenzisa futhi i-DNS enezilawuli zabazali ukuze ukhawulele okuqukethwe kwabantu abadala noma izigaba ezithile.
I-Operator DNS vs i-DNS yomphakathi: icala likaGoogle vs i-Digi
Uma sikhuluma nge-Google DNS vs Digi, empeleni siqhathanisa izindlela ezimbili: i-DNS "ejwayelekile" yenkampani enkulu yomhlaba wonke uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululi ezithile zomqhubi okungenzeka ukuthi unamaseva akhe aseduze kakhulu nekhaya lakho.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela okuvela eMadrid kuveze imiphumela ethokozisayo : kuma-benchmarks enziwe ngokwezifiso, amaseva e-DNS e-Digi (abonakala "njengomnikazi ongaziwa" kwamanye amathuluzi) anikeze izikhathi zokuphendula eziphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwimibuzo egciniwe, evame kakhulu uma uphequlula. Lokhu kusondela kwengqalasizinda kusebenza kahle kuwo.
Okwamanje, amaseva e-DNS e-Google (8.8.8.8 kanye no-8.8.4.4) , avame ukuba phakathi kwezisheshayo emhlabeni jikelele. I-Google inezikhungo zedatha ezisakazeke emhlabeni wonke kanye nenethiwekhi ye-Anycast ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, yingakho inezikhathi ezinhle zokuphendula, ukuthembeka, kanye nenzuzo yokuba lula kakhulu ukuyikhumbula.
Ngokuphathelene nobumfihlo, i-Google Public DNS isusa ikheli le-IP eliyisiqalo ngemva kwamahora angu-48 futhi ithi ayixhumanisi izicelo ne-akhawunti yakho ye-Google, kodwa iqoqa imethadatha ethile ukuze ihlaziywe. I-Digi, njengama-ISP amaningi, isebenzisa kakhulu amaseva ayo e-DNS ukuhlinzeka ngensizakalo nokuphoqelela izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi (ukuvimba okusemthethweni, i-DNS evikelekile, njll.), ngezinqubomgomo zokungena ngemvume ezingacacile kumsebenzisi wokugcina.
Empeleni, kumsebenzisi we-Digi fiber optic eSpain, indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu ukulinganisa. Amaseva e-DNS opharetha angase anikeze i-ping engcono kusuka kunethiwekhi yawo ngenxa yokusondela kwawo, kuyilapho ukushintshela ku-Google, Cloudflare, noma i-Quad9 kuzohlinzeka ngezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kanye nobumfihlo. Ngakho-ke, mane usebenzise ibhentshimakhi efana ne-DNS Benchmark, DNS Perf, noma i-NameBench bese uqhathanisa imiphumela esimweni sakho esithile.
Zisebenza kanjani izinhlelo “ze-DNS ezivikelekile” zabaqhubi?
Ama-router amaningi anikezwa yi-ISP afika nento ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Secure DNS" noma uhlelo olufanayo oluvuliwe. Kumamodeli e-Vodafone (njenge-H500) kanye namanye ama-Movistar/O2 HGU, lesi sici sivimba zonke izicelo ze-DNS ezidlula ku-router, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaseva e-DNS owawamisile kudivayisi.
Inhloso eyinhloko ukuvimba uhlobo oluthile lwe-malware olwathandwa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule: uhlobo olushintshe i-DNS yakho yendawo noma imibuzo entshontshiwe ukuze ikuqondise buthule ezinguqulweni ezingamanga zamawebhusayithi asebhange, ama-portal okungena ngemvume, njll. Okwamanje, amanye amawebhusayithi axazululwe kahle ukuze ungasoli lutho.
Nge-"Secure DNS," i-router ayinaki izinguquko ezinonya futhi iphoqa konke ukuhumusha kwamagama ukuthi kudlule ezixazululweni ze-ISP. Ngale ndlela, noma ngabe i-malware izama ukukhomba enye yamaseva e-DNS e-ISP, isicelo sihlala ku-router futhi asifinyeleli lapho siya khona.
Abasebenzisi abathuthukile bavame ukukhubaza lesi sici kuzilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-router yabo , becabanga ukuthi kunengozi futhi bathole ukulawula okugcwele ukuthi yimaphi amaseva e-DNS okufanele bawasebenzise. Nokho, kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile wasekhaya, le mininingwane ivame ukungabalulekile, futhi uhlelo luhlinzeka ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngaphandle kokudinga noma yikuphi ukungenelela.
Namuhla, i-malware yanamuhla cishe ingasebenzisa i-DoH (DNS kune-HTTPS) ukuze igweme lezi zinyathelo, kodwa umqondo ongemuva kokuthi "i-DNS evikelekile" usafana: ukuvimbela othile ukuthi aguqule ukuhumusha kwamagama ngasese.
Amanye amaseva e-DNS: omphakathi, angasese, amahhala futhi akhokhelwe
Ngaphandle kwamaseva e-DNS ahlinzekwa yi-ISP ne-Google, kunesistimu enkulu yabaxazululi be-DNS bomphakathi nabangasese abancintisana ngesivinini, ukuphepha, ubumfihlo, kanye nezici ezengeziwe. Singawahlukanisa kabanzi ngezigaba ezintathu: okunye okunikezwa yi-ISP, mahhala noma okukhokhelwayo, kanye nomphakathi noma okuyimfihlo.
Izinsizakalo ze-DNS ezihlukile zenkampani yangaphandle (i-Google, i-Cloudflare, i-OpenDNS, i-Quad9, njll.) zivame ukwaziwa ngokuthembeka kwazo okukhulu, isikhathi esifushane sokuphumula, ukubambezeleka okungcono, kanye nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe (i-DNSSEC, ukuhlunga okuqukethwe, ukuvikelwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, njll.). Zikuvumela futhi ukuthi udlule imikhawulo ebekwe yi-ISP yakho ezizindeni ezithile.
Ngokuphathelene nezinketho zamahhala uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhokhelwayo , iningi labasebenzisi basekhaya likhetha izixazululo zamahhala, ezivame ukumboza izidingo eziyisisekelo. Izixazululo ezikhokhelwayo, ezivamile emabhizinisini, zengeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile, amadeshibhodi okuphatha, izinqubomgomo ezihlanganisiwe, ukuloba okuthuthukisiwe, ama-SLA aqinile, kanye namakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso amakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-DNS yomphakathi neyangasese ubalulekile futhi: amaseva e-DNS omphakathi afinyeleleka kunoma ubani futhi ngokuvamile anikezwa ama-ISP noma abahlinzeki abakhethekile; amaseva e-DNS angasese asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano ukuxazulula amagama angaphakathi nokunikeza ukufinyelela okuphephile kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iseva ye-DNS esolisayo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlola idumela layo. Ukulungiswa kwe-DNS kuyiphuzu elibalulekile kulolu chungechunge: uma uthemba iseva enonya, ingakuqondisa noma kuphi ngaphandle kokuqaphela, ikopishe amawebhusayithi asemthethweni ukuze antshontshe iziqinisekiso noma afake i-malware.
Ukubekwa kwamaseva e-DNS amahle kakhulu kanye namaseva anconyiwe aphezulu
Uma sibheka ukuqhathanisa okungathi sína njenge-DNSPerf , sibona ukuthi unyaka nonyaka iphethini efanayo iyaphindwa: I-Cloudflare DNS (1.1.1.1) kanye ne-Google Public DNS (8.8.8.8 / 8.8.4.4) zishintshana indawo yokuqala neyesibili emhlabeni jikelele, kulandelwe izinsizakalo ezifana ne-CloudDNS, i-Quad9 noma i-OpenDNS.
I-Cloudflare (izinguqulo 1.1.1.1 kanye ne-1.0.0.1) ibilokhu yaziwa ngokubambezeleka kwayo okuphansi kakhulu ngenxa yenethiwekhi yayo enkulu yeseva kanye nengqalasizinda ye-Anycast. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithembisa ukungathengisi idatha yakho nokususa amalogi zingakapheli amahora angama-24, igxile kakhulu kubumfihlo.
I-Google Public DNS isebenzisa inethiwekhi enkulu yezikhungo zedatha ze-Google, inikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ezincintisanayo kakhulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kanye nokuphathwa kwememori okuphumelelayo. Amalogi ayo e-IP ayasuswa ngemva kwamahora angu-48, futhi idatha isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi kuphela, ngaphandle kokuhlotshaniswa ne-akhawunti yakho.
I-CloudDNS, yize ingaziwa kakhulu ngumphakathi jikelele , ibonakala isendaweni enhle kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokusebenza, ngokukhula okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje futhi igxile kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ochwepheshe nawebhizinisi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi ziqhwaga, kunohlu olude lwabahlinzeki be-DNS abanconyiwe ngo-2025 ongazama kuye ngezinto eziza kuqala kuwe: isivinini esimsulwa, ukuhlunga, izilawuli zabazali, noma ukungaziwa. Ezinye zezinketho ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Verisign – 64.6.64.6 / 64.6.65.6. Isivinini esihle, ukugcizelela okuqinile ekuzinzeni, ubumfihlo, kanye nokungabikho kwe-adblock eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- Mahhala – 37.235.1.174 / 37.235.1.177 (kanye namanye ama-node). Azikho izingodo zomsebenzi, akukho akhawunti edingekayo, kodwa akukho ukuhlunga iwebhusayithi okunonya.
- Okulandelayo – I-IPv4 Eyinhloko 45.90.28.0, I-IPv6 Eyinhloko 2a07:a8c0::. Ilungiseka kahle kakhulu, ilungele ukuvimba ama-tracker, i-malware, kanye nokulawula kwabazali okuhlanganisiwe.
- I-AdGuard DNS – 94.140.14.14 / 94.140.15.15. Yakhelwe ukuvimba izikhangiso kanye nama-tracker ezingeni le-DNS, ilungele uma ubumfihlo buyinto oyithandayo.
- I-SafeServe (Namecheap) – 198.54.117.10 / 198.54.117.11. Kugxilwe ekuphepheni, ekuvikelweni kwe-MITM kanye nokutholakala okuphezulu, kanye nama-node eYurophu nase-USA.
- I-IBM Quad9 – 9.9.9.9 (kanye no-149.112.112.112). Ukuhlunga okunamandla kwamawebhusayithi ayingozi kusetshenziswa i-AI evela ku-IBM X-Force kanye nezinye izizindalwazi; akugcini amalogi ezicelo.
- I-Cloudflare DNS – 1.1.1.1 / 1.0.0.1. Kugxile esivinini kanye nobumfihlo, ikakhulukazi okunconywayo emidlalweni nasekusakazeni ku-inthanethi.
- I-Comodo Safe DNS – 8.26.56.26 / 8.20.247.20. Igxile ebhizinisini, inobuhlakani bokusongela kanye nokuhlunga izigaba ezingaphezu kuka-80 enguqulweni yayo yamahhala.
- I-CyberGhost DNS – 38.132.106.139 / 194.187.251.67. Inketho enhle uma usuvele usebenzisa i-VPN yabo futhi ufuna ukuqinisa ubumfihlo kanye nokufinyelela kokuqukethwe.
- I-UncensoredDNS – 91.239.100.100 / 89.233.43.71. Iphrojekthi yaseDenmark ihlose ukunikeza i-DNS engakahlolwa ngokusekelwa kwezinqubo zesimanje (i-DNS-over-TLS, i-DoH).
- I-CleanBrowsing – 185.228.168.168 / 185.228.168.169. Yakhelwe njengokulawula kwabazali ezingeni le-DNS, imahhala futhi kulula ukuyilungiselela kuma-router noma kumadivayisi.
- Ikhaya le-OpenDNS – 208.67.222.222 / 208.67.220.220. Iphethwe yiCisco, ngokuhlunga okunezigaba, ukuvikelwa ezizindeni ezisolisayo, kanye nezinketho zokukhokha ezithuthukisiwe.
Uma ufuna ukuhlukahluka okwengeziwe , kukhona nezixazululi ezifana ne-Level3, WATCH, GreenTeamDNS, SafeDNS, OpenNIC, SmartViper, Dyn, Alternate DNS, DNS.Watch, Hurricane Electric, puntCAT, Neustar, UltraDNS, kanye ne-UltraDNS Family. Isihluthulelo ukubahlola ngokuxhumana kwakho, ngoba okusebenza kahle kakhulu kwelinye idolobha kungase kungasebenzi kahle kwelinye.
Izifundo zesivinini: ubani onqoba ngempela kuma-millisecond
Izilinganiso ezizimele ziyasiza ekulinganiseni zonke lezi zithembiso. Ocwaningweni olwenziwe ngezivivinyo ezivela ezindaweni ezingu-18 kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika, cishe bonke abahlinzeki ngaphandle kweYandex banikeze ngaphansi kuka-15 ms eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kodwa bahluleka e-Asia naseLatin America.
I-Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) ibingumholi ongaphikiswana kulokhu kuhlaziya, iziqhenya ngesikhathi sokuphendula esimaphakathi somhlaba wonke (cishe ama-4,98 ms) futhi ishesha kakhulu kuma-72% wezindawo ezivivinyiwe. I-Google ne-Quad9 zalandela, kwathi i-Quad9 yenza kahle kakhulu kune-Google eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kodwa yasala ngemuva e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika.
Ngokuphathelene ne-DNS ngokuhlunga okuqukethwe kwabantu abadala , i-CleanBrowsing ivele njengenketho engcono kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuphendula, okwenza kube ukhetho oluqinile kakhulu lwemindeni nezikhungo zemfundo ezifuna ukulawulwa kwabazali ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini.
Uma sibheka iYurophu kuphela, ezintathu eziphezulu kwakuyi : I-Cloudflare cishe nge-3 ms, ilandelwe eduze yi-Quad9 kanye ne-CleanBrowsing. I-Google, i-OpenDNS, i-Norton, kanye ne-Comodo baqedele uhlu ngokubambezeleka okuphansi ngokulinganayo kokusetshenziswa kwangempela.
Isiphetho esiwusizo: akekho onqobayo oyedwa . I-Cloudflare ne-Google zibusa, yebo, kodwa ukubambezeleka kwakho kwangempela kuncike ekutheni uhlala kuphi, yimuphi umhlinzeki we-inthanethi owusebenzisayo, nokuthi inethiwekhi iqondisa kanjani ithrafikhi yakho. Ngakho-ke, uma uzimisele ngokusebenza, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-DNS Benchmark, i-DNS Jumper, noma i-NameBench kusuka kuxhumo lwakho.
Ukuphepha, ubumfihlo, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-DNS
Ngale kwesivinini, amaseva e-DNS ayisizinda sokuphepha . Ukuhlasela kwe-DNS okwenziwe kahle kungakuqondisa kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu ngaphandle kokuqaphela, kuphazamise i-imeyili yakho, noma kuqede nezinsizakalo ezibalulekile uma umhlinzeki ofanele eqondiwe.
Ukuhlasela okubili okuvamile ukufaka ubuthi ku-cache kanye nokukhwabanisa nge-DNS . Kokuqala, umhlaseli ufaka izimpendulo eziqanjiwe ku-cache yeseva ye-DNS, ukuze lapho umsebenzisi ecela isizinda esisemthethweni, iseva iphendule ngekheli le-IP elinonya. Kokugcina, iklayenti ikhohliswa ukuba ikholelwe ukuthi ixhumana neseva ye-DNS esemthethweni kanti empeleni iphendula kusuka kuseva elawulwa umhlaseli.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, kukhona izandiso ezifana ne-DNSSEC , ezifaka amasignesha e-cryptographic kumarekhodi e-DNS ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpendulo zivela emthonjeni ezithi ziwuwo futhi azikashintshwanga endleleni. Inkinga ukuthi i-DNSSEC ayisetshenziswanga yonke indawo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaba nzima.
Enye indlela ukubethela imibuzo ye-DNS usebenzisa amaphrothokholi afana ne-DNSCrypt, DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH), noma i-DNS-over-TLS (DoT). I-DNSCrypt, ikakhulukazi, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kweklayenti kanye ne-resolver nge-cryptography eqinile futhi ivimbela ukuphamba kwempendulo, yize ingayithathi indawo ye-VPN noma ibethele yonke ithrafikhi.
Amaklayenti e-DNSCrypt namathuluzi afanayo (i-dnscrypt-proxy, i-Simple DNSCrypt, njll.) avame ukwengeza okungeziwe okuwusizo kakhulu: ukuqapha ithrafikhi ye-DNS ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuvimba izikhangiso kanye nama-tracker endawo kusetshenziswa uhlu, ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemibuzo yendawo, noma ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka ngama-cache ahlakaniphile kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-IPv4/IPv6.
Indlela yokukhetha i-DNS engcono kakhulu yezidingo zakho ngamathuluzi akhethekile
Njengoba kunezinketho eziningi kangaka ezitholakalayo, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuthembela kumathuluzi okulinganisa athembekile asehlolwe iminyaka eminingi: I-DNS Jumper, i-DNS Benchmark, i-NameBench, kanye ne-DNSPerf yizibonelo ezinhle kakhulu. Zilinganisa isikhathi sokuphendula samaseva amaningi futhi ziphakamisa esisheshayo sendawo yakho.
Uma uhlola la mathuluzi, ungabheki nje isivinini , kodwa futhi nasezindaweni ezifana nalezi: ukuhambisana nesistimu yakho yokusebenza, ukulula kokusebenzisa (ukuchofoza kabili vs. ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi), ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ukuthi ufuna iwebhu noma inguqulo efakekayo, futhi-ke, ukuthi isofthiwe imahhala noma iyakhokhelwa.
I-DNS Jumper, isibonelo, iyaphatheka futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa . Ungakhetha i-adaptha yakho yenethiwekhi, ukhethe iseva ye-DNS ohlwini lwayo noma uyifake ngesandla, uthole ngokuzenzakalelayo iseva esheshayo, bese usebenzisa izinguquko ngaphandle kokuthinta amamenyu esistimu. Konke kungokwesiSpanishi futhi akudingi ukufakwa.
Ku-Android unezinye izindlela ezifana ne-DNS Changer noma i-Nebulo , ezikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe i-DNS ngaphandle kwempande, uvivinye isivinini, usebenzise uhlu olulungiselelwe kusengaphambili noma ulungiselele izixazululi ze-IPv4/IPv6 ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwa kwe-DoH/DoT.
Uma ufuna okuthile okubanzi , izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neBlokada zihlanganisa ukushintsha kwe-DNS nezikhangiso, i-malware, kanye nokuvimba kwe-tracker kusetshenziswa umhubhe ofana ne-VPN (i-WireGuard), okuvikela amadivayisi amaningi ngaphandle kwemingcele ye-bandwidth.
Shintsha i-DNS kumakhompyutha, amaselula, ama-consoles kanye nama-routers
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukushintsha i-DNS yakho akukubi kangako kunalokho okubonakala: ezinhlelweni eziningi, kuthatha ukuchofoza okune kuphela. Ungakwenza ezingeni ledivayisi noma ezingeni le-router ukuze kuthinte wonke amadivayisi kunethiwekhi.
Ku-Windows, mane nje uye ku-Izilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi, bese uthi "Shintsha izinketho ze-adaptha," vula izakhiwo zakho zokuxhumeka, bese uhlela i-Internet Protocol Version 4 (kanye nenguqulo 6 uma uyisebenzisa). Nika amandla okuthi "Sebenzisa amakheli eseva ye-DNS alandelayo" bese ufaka, isibonelo, u-1.1.1.1 no-1.0.0.1, noma u-8.8.8.8 no-8.8.4.4, bese uchofoza u-Kulungile.
Ku-macOS , iya ku-System Preferences > Network, khetha i-interface yakho, chofoza okuthi Advanced, bese uya kuthebhu ye-DNS. Ukusuka lapho, ungangeza izixazululi ozifunayo usebenzisa inkinobho ethi + bese usebenzisa izinguquko.
Ku-Linux inqubo iyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo ezungezile , kodwa ngokuvamile uzoya ku-System > Preferences > Network Connections, ukhethe uxhumano lwakho, uluhlele ngesithonjana segiya bese ushintsha mathupha amakheli e-DNS esigabeni se-IPv4 (kanye ne-IPv6 uma kusebenza).
Kulula futhi kuma-smartphone . Ku-iOS, iya kuzilungiselelo > i-Wi-Fi, thepha u-"i" eduze kwenethiwekhi yakho, iya ku-Lungisa i-DNS, shintsha kusuka ku-Automatic kuya ku-Manual, engeza amaseva amasha, bese ulondoloza. Ku-Android, iya kuzilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > i-Wi-Fi, thepha bese ubamba inethiwekhi yakho, khetha Hlela inethiwekhi, vumela izinketho ezithuthukisiwe, shintsha izilungiselelo ze-IP zibe yi-static (kuye ngenguqulo), bese ushintsha i-DNS 1 ne-DNS 2.
Ezingeni le-router, izinto ziyashintsha kancane , kodwa kusalawuleka. Finyelela isikhombikubona sewebhu (ngokuvamile i-192.168.0.1, 192.168.1.1, noma i-192.168.2.1), ngena ngemvume, thola isigaba sezilungiselelo ze-inthanethi noma ze-DNS, bese ushintsha amaseva anikezwe yi-ISP yakho ngalawo ofuna ukuwasebenzisa. Londoloza, qala kabusha uma kudingeka, futhi yonke inethiwekhi yakho izosebenzisa lawo maseva e-DNS.
Icala elikhethekile: I-DNS kuma-consoles nokusebenza kwemidlalo
Uma ungumdlali wegeyimu, izinkinga ze-DNS ziyakuthinta kakhulu . Isixazululi esihamba kancane noma esibekwe kabi singangeza ama-millisecond kuxhumano ngalunye, sandise ukubambezeleka kokwenza ama-matchmaking, noma sibangele amaphutha angahleliwe lapho sixhuma kumasevisi aku-inthanethi.
Ku-PlayStation 5 ungashintsha i-DNS ngokuya kuzilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi > Izilungiselelo > Lungiselela uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, uye kuzinketho ezithuthukisiwe bese umaka i-DNS njenge-Manual ukuze ufake okuyinhloko nokwesibili njengoba ufisa.
Ku-Nintendo Switch, wenza lokhu kusukela kuzilungiselelo zesistimu > i-inthanethi > izilungiselelo ze-inthanethi, ukhethe inethiwekhi yakho, ushintshe izilungiselelo, bese ubeka i-DNS kumodi yesandla ukuze uhlele okuyinhloko nokwesibili.
Ku-Xbox , cindezela inkinobho ye-Xbox, iya ku-Profile & system > Izilungiselelo > Okuvamile > Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi > Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe, bese ushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS kusuka ku-Automatic kuya ku-Manual ukuze ufake amakheli owathandayo.
Kodwa-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola kahle ngaphambi kokusetha i-DNS engaguquki kukhonsoli yakho . Hlola i-ping yakho ngesikhathi sokufana, ukuzinza kokwenza ama-matchmaking, kanye nokufinyelela kumasevisi afana ne-PSN, i-Xbox Live, noma i-Nintendo eShop, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi i-DNS esebenza kahle kwi-PC yakho ayifanele imizila esetshenziswa ama-console.
Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kokushintsha i-DNS
Uma usushintshe i-DNS yakho, ungacabangi nje ukuthi "kubonakala sengathi isebenza kangcono ." Kuyasiza ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo: phinda izivivinyo zesivinini, ulinganise ukubambezeleka emidlalweni, zama ukusakaza ngesisombululo esiphezulu, bese uhlola ukuthi awekho amawebhusayithi aqinile noma ahlulekayo ukuxazulula.
Uma ufuna ukuphepha okwengeziwe, cabanga ngokungeza i-DNSCrypt noma i-DoH/DoT kumadivayisi okhathazeke kakhulu ngawo (i-laptop, ideskithophu, idivayisi yeselula eyinhloko). Lokhu kuzokuvikela ekuqotheni nasekufinyeleleni okungafuneki kumanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-Fi.
Ungathatha futhi leli thuba ukuqinisa ukuvimba kwezikhangiso kanye ne-tracker ngokusebenzisa izixazululi ezifana ne-AdGuard, i-NextDNS, i-CleanBrowsing, noma ngokuhlanganisa uhlu lokuvimba lwasendaweni kumakhasimende afana ne-dnscrypt-proxy. Ukonga idatha kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kuvame ukuba yinto ebalulekile.
Okokugcina, qapha isimo izinsuku ezimbalwa . Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile (ukuqondisa kabusha okusolisayo, ukuhamba kancane okuvamile, amaphutha esitifiketi), buyela kumaseva e-DNS aziwayo noma lawo anikezwa yi-ISP yakho bese uhlola ukuthi yisiphi isisombululo osikhethile. Ngokuthile okubucayi njenge-DNS, kungcono ukwenza iphutha eceleni kokuqapha.
Impi phakathi kwe-Google ne-Digi DNS — noma phakathi kwanoma yimuphi umqhubi kanye namaseva amakhulu e-DNS omphakathi — inqotshwa ngokwesimo ngasinye: linganisa kusukela ekuxhumekeni kwakho, hlola ukuthi ubumfihlo bubaluleke kangakanani kuwe, ukuthi udinga ukuhlunga noma izilawuli zabazali, bese unquma ukuthi ukhetha yini ukuthola okuningi emishinini ye-ISP yakho noma uthembele ezingqalasizinda zomhlaba wonke njenge-Google, i-Cloudflare, i-Quad9, noma i-OpenDNS; ukutshala imizuzu eyishumi ekuhloleni nasekulungiseni izilungiselelo ze-DNS kuvame ukuhunyushwa ekuphequluleni okusheshayo nokuphephile okuhambisana kangcono nezidingo zakho zangempela.