- I-China ikwazile ukugcina i-plasma ezinzile imizuzwana engu-1.066 kureactor yayo yase-East.
- Lesi sinyathelo esiyingqopha-mlando simele isinyathelo esibalulekile esibheke emandleni okuhlanganisa ezentengiselwano neziqhubekayo.
- Iphrojekthi yase-East isebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlola se-ITER nolunye ucwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
- Amandla e-Fusion athembisa ukuhlanzeka, cishe angenamkhawulo kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.
IShayina ibeke irekhodi elisha lesayensi emzamweni wayo wokuqonda ukuhlanganiswa kwenyukliya. Nge-Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) yayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi 'ilanga lokwenziwa', isizwe sase-Asia sikwazile ukugcina i-plasma ezinzile imizuzwana eyi-1.066 , impumelelo engakaze ibonwe kulobu buchwepheshe. Lokhu kuphumelela akugcini nje ngokuqinisa isikhundla seShayina njengomholi ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlanganiswa kwenyukliya kodwa futhi kumelela isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile , ophephile, futhi ongapheli.
'Ilanga lokwenziwa' laseShayina lilingisa izinqubo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-nyukliya ezenzeka ngaphakathi eLangeni, lapho ama-athomu alula ehlangana khona ukuze akhe ama-athomu asindayo, akhiphe amandla amaningi kakhulu. Lesi sinyathelo sidlula kakhulu irekhodi langaphambilini lemizuzwana engu -403 , elifinyelelwe yi-EAST ngo-2023. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le ntuthuko isondeza isintu ekuguqukeni kwamandla okungaguqula indlela esikhiqiza futhi sisebenzise ngayo ugesi.
Yini eyenza i-East isungule izinto ezintsha?
I-EAST ivelele njenge- reactor yokuqala esebenza ngokugcwele emhlabeni ye-superconducting , eyenzelwe ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-fusion. Selokhu yasungulwa ngo-2006 eHefei, i-reactor isebenze njengeplatifomu yokuhlola ehlanganisa ososayensi baseShayina nabamazwe ngamazwe. Isakhiwo sayo sihlanganisa izici ezihlukile, njengezibuthe ze-superconducting kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa amanzi, ezivumela ukuhlolwa ngezilungiselelo ze-plasma ezizinzile.
Ngokungafani ne-ITER—iphrojekthi yamazwe ngamazwe eyakhiwayo eFrance—i-EAST incane kodwa iguquguquka kalula ekuhlolweni, okwenza kube indawo efanele yokuhlola. Ngokusho kukaGong Xianzu, umqondisi wokusebenza kokuhlola we-reactor, izinguquko zakamuva zenze uhlelo lokushisa olunamandla alingana nama-microwave asekhaya angu-70.000 , okuyisici esibalulekile empumelelweni yalo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenyukliya yinqubo enika amandla izinkanyezi, okuhlanganisa neLanga lethu. Le ndlela incike ekuhlanganisweni kwama-nuclei akhanyayo, njenge-hydrogen, ukuze kwakheke ama-nuclei asindayo, njenge-helium, ikhiphe amandla amaningi . Ngokungafani nokuqhekeka kwenyukliya, okuhlukanisa ama-athomu futhi kukhiqize imfucuza enemisebe ehlala isikhathi eside, ukuhlanganiswa kuhlanzekile kakhulu futhi kuphephile.
Ukukhanga kokuhlanganiswa kulele emandleni ayo okunikeza amandla angenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi okushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-deuterium ne-tritium, ama-isotope e-hydrogen adingekayo njengophethiloli, atholakala eMhlabeni ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, ukudala kabusha izimo ezidingekayo zokuhlanganiswa—amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-degree Celsius kanye nokuzinza isikhathi eside—kuyinselele enkulu.
Umzamo ohlangene ogxile e-Chinese
I-China ayigcini nje ngokuhola iphrojekthi yayo yokuhlanganisa i-nuclear kodwa futhi iyisidlali esibalulekile ku-International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Lo msebenzi omkhulu, lapho i-China ithatha khona u-9% wemithwalo yemfanelo, uhlose ukukhombisa ukusebenza kwamandla okuhlanganisa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha ekhiqizwe yi-EAST isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ITER kanye nezinye i-reactor zesikhathi esizayo, njenge-China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR).
E-Hefei, lapho lesi sikhungo sikhona, kwakhiwa ingqalasizinda entsha yokuhlola ukuze kuqhutshekwe phambili ucwaningo lokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi. Lezi zinhlelo zigcizelela ukuzibophezela kweShayina ekusaseni eliqhubekayo kanye nesikhundla sayo njengomholi kwezobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe.
Izinselelo ezizayo
Naphezu kwentuthuko, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nyukliya kuyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe . Ukufinyelela ibhalansi yamandla enhle, lapho amandla akhiqizwayo edlula amandla asetshenziswayo, kusalokhu kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwezinto ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokwakha yizindawo ezidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Ingqophamlando efinyelelwe yi-East akungabazeki ukuthi ibalulekile, kodwa kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukudayiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungathatha amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwenuzi kube umthombo wamandla ovamile kumagridi ethu kagesi.
Ngentuthuko ngayinye, amandla e-fusion avela njengesixazululo esingenakugwenywa sokubhekana nenkinga yamandla kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Impumelelo ye-reactor yasempumalanga iqinisa ithemba lokuthi, ngokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, leli phupho lamandla lingaba ngokoqobo ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva.