Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekuke kwenzeka kuwe ngaphambili: uvula ikhompyutha yakho egcwele injabulo bese ngokuzumayo ubhekene nesikrini esimnyama kanye nomyalezo oyimfihlo okutshela ukuthi umphathi we-boot we-GRUB ushonile . Mhlawumbe ubulokhu udlala ngama-disk partitions, ufake i-Windows ngemuva kwe-Linux futhi yasusa umkhakha we-boot, noma isibuyekezo sesistimu asihambanga kahle.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukungesabi, ngoba noma kungabonakala sengathi ikhompyutha yakho ifile, idatha yakho isaphelele . I-GRUB imane nje iyisango lokungena ohlelweni, futhi noma umnyango uphukile, indlu isekhona. Kuye ngokuthi yini onayo etholakalayo, kunezindlela eziningana zokulungisa lokhu kuphazamiseka, kusukela ekusebenziseni ikhonsoli ye-GRUB uqobo uma isaphendula, kuya ekusebenziseni i -USB ebukhoma ye-Ubuntu noma i-Debian ukwenza ushintsho oluphelele.
Ukubuyiselwa okuqondile kusuka ku-GRUB console
Uma unenhlanhla yokuthi ikhompyutha yakho ngeke iqalise kodwa usengakwazi ukufinyelela umugqa womyalo we-GRUB (ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi 'c' ekuqaleni), ungazama ukuqala uhlelo ngaphandle kwedrayivu ye-USB yangaphandle. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze thola ukuthi amafayela akho atholakala kuphi isebenzisa umyalo lsokuzokukhombisa amadiski nama-partition atholakalayo, njenge (hd0,msdos1).
Uma usuyitholile idiski, kufanele ubheke ifolda boot ukuhlola ukwahlukaniswa nge ls (hd0,1)/Uma uthola ofanele, kufanele lungiselela umzila wesiqalo kanye nempande yesistimu kusetshenziswa imiyalo set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub y set root=(hd0,1)Okulandelayo, thola i-kernel etholakalayo kufolda yokuqalisa bese uyilayisha usebenzisa umyalo linux, ecacisa i-root partition (isibonelo, root=/dev/sda1), ukuze ekugcineni kusebenze initrd bese uvula injini.
Uma usungene ngemvume ngempumelelo esimisweni sakho somsebenzisi, ungakhohlwa lungisa unomphela isiqalisiVula i-terminal njengempande bese uqalisa grub-install /dev/sda seguido de update-grub2 y update-initramfs -u ukuze inkinga ingaphindi lapho iqala kabusha.
Ukufakwa kabusha kusetshenziswa i-Live USB (Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Manual kanye ne-Chroot)
Uma i-GRUB ingekho nhlobo, ikhambi elithembeke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i -Live USB yanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian (njenge-Ubuntu noma i-Linux Mint). Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-Live USB (AMD64 noma i-i386) kufane nokwesistimu yakho efakiwe ukuze ugweme amaphutha lapho kwenziwa inqubo yempande noma ye-chroot.
Inqubo iqala ngokuhlonza izingxenye nge sudo fdisk -lKubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi iyiphi i-root partition (/) nokuthi unayo yini i-/boot partition ehlukile. Ukuze uqhubeke, kumele faka i-root partition ku-/mnt futhi, uma ikhona, eyokuqala ku /mnt/bootUkuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle ngaphakathi kwendawo ebukhoma, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa okuxhunyiwe yezinkomba ezibalulekile zesistimu yokusebenza esebenza sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/devfuthi ngoba /dev/pts, /proc y /sys.
Uma konke kuhlanganisiwe, sisebenzisa umyalo sudo chroot /mntLokhu kufana nokwenza iqhinga lomlingo: sitshela ikhompyutha ukuthi Impande manje isiyi-hard drive yethu hhayi i-USB. Kusukela lapha, sifaka kabusha umphathi nge grub-install /dev/sda futhi sibuyekeze izilungiselelo nge grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg o update-grubEkugcineni, sahamba exit futhi saqala kabusha.
Izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinye izindlela ezisheshayo
Uma ungakhululekile ukuzulazula ku-terminal noma uthola inqubo inzima kakhulu, kukhona ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Boot-Repair elisindisa impilo. Ukuze ulisebenzise, qalisa kusuka ku-Ubuntu Live USB, vula i-terminal, bese ufaka ithuluzi kusuka ezindaweni zalo ezisemthethweni. Uma selisebenza, mane ukhethe inketho yokulungisa enconywayo , futhi uhlelo luzokwenzela wonke umsebenzi, luthole izinhlelo zokusebenza bese lufaka kabusha i-GRUB ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ezimweni ezilula, lapho sidinga ukufaka kabusha i-GRUB kuphela ngaphandle kokwenza i-chroot ephelele, singafaka ukwahlukanisa okuqukethe isiqondisi sokuqalisa kufolda yesikhashana efana /tmp/part bese ugijima sudo grub-install --root-directory=/tmp/part /dev/sda. Lokhu kuyasiza uma Sifuna umzila oqondile kakhulu futhi siyazi kahle ukuthi ishaja yokuqalisa ikuphi.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa imiyalo ebhalwe ngesandla kukhonsoli ye-GRUB, indlela ye-chroot ene-USB drive ebhuthwayo, noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi azenzakalelayo njenge-Boot-Repair, isihluthulelo sisekuhlonzeni kahle izingxenye zediski nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhakha wokuqalisa we-MBR noma i-EFI uxhunywe kahle ku-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza efakiwe.
