Uma ukhathele ukuhlatshwa ngezikhangiso ngenkathi uphequlula i-inthanethi, ukusetha iseva yokuhlunga kuyisisombululo esiphelele. I-Raspberry Pi Zero iyigugu lalokhu, njengoba incane , isebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu , futhi yenza umsebenzi ongcolile wokuhlanza inethiwekhi yakho ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.
I-Pi-hole empeleni "iyindawo emnyama" yezikhangiso; ivimba izicelo ze-DNS futhi ivimbele izizinda ezinonya noma zokukhangisa ngaphambi kokuba zifike kudivayisi yakho. Iyithuluzi elilula kakhulu ongalishiya lisebenza ekhoneni lendlu yakho bese ulikhohlwa ngokuphelele.
Yini okudingeka uyiqale?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ihadiwe. Nakuba isofthiwe ilula kakhulu, udinga ikhompyutha ekwazi ukuyiphatha. I-Pi-hole idinga okungenani i-RAM engu-512 MB kanye nesikhala sediski esingaba ngu-2 GB, yize i-4 GB ingaba ngcono ukuze kube nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe. Uma usebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi Zero 2W, sincoma kakhulu ukusebenzisa i -Ethernet HAT ukuze uthole uxhumano oluzinzile, njengoba i-Wi-Fi ngezinye izikhathi ingase ingathembeki.
Ngokuphathelene namandla, umbuzo ovamile uphakama mayelana nokuthi angasebenza yini nge-USB port ye-router. Impendulo iwukuthi, nakuba amanye ama-router evumela lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i -wall outlet ethembekile ukuze ugweme ukuqala kabusha okungalindelekile noma ukungazinzi kohlelo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwayo
Akuyona nje noma iyiphi inguqulo yesofthiwe ezokwenza. Ukuze konke kusebenze kahle, udinga ukufaka i-distribution esebenzisa i-systemd noma i-sysvinit . Nazi izinketho ezithembeke kakhulu:
- I-Raspberry Pi OS: Izinguqulo ze-Buster ne-Bullseye zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM.
- I-Debian: Ihambisana ngokugcwele nezinguqulo 10, 11 kanye no-12.
- Ubuntu: Kusukela ku-20.x kuya ku-23.x, kokubili ku-ARM kanye naku-x86_64.
- Ezinye izinketho: I-Armbian OS, i-Fedora (36-38) kanye ne-CentOS Stream (8/9).
Qaphela lokhu: uma uzama ukuyifaka ezinguqulweni zakamuva kakhulu noma ezingasekelwa (njengezinye izakhi ze-Raspbian 12 kumamodeli amadala), ungase uhlangabezane namaphutha okuhambisana akuvimbela ukuthi uthuthuke.
Ukucushwa Kwenethiwekhi Nezimbobo
Ukuze uvimbele inethiwekhi yakho ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle, iseva ye-Pi-hole kumele ibe nekheli le-IP elingaguquki . Uma ungafuni ukumisa ikheli le-IP ngesandla ku-Raspberry Pi, ungasetha ukubhukha kwe-DHCP ku-router yakho ukuze ihlale ithola ikheli elifanayo.
Ngokuphathelene namachweba, udinga ukuqaphela ukugwema izingxabano. I-Port 53 (TCP/UDP) iyisizinda se-DNS ; uma unesinye iseva ye-DNS efana ne-BIND, kuzodingeka uyikhubaze. Ukuphathwa kwewebhu kusebenzisa i-port 80 (HTTP) , ngakho-ke uma usuvele uneseva ye-Apache, kuzodingeka ushintshe i-port ye-lighttpd. Uma unesifiso sokusebenzisa i-Pi-hole njengeseva ye-DHCP, kuzodingeka uvule amachweba 67 no-547. Ekugcineni, injini ye-FTL API ilalela ku-port 4711, kodwa endaweni kuphela.
Umhlahlandlela wokufaka wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Indlela esheshayo nelula kakhulu ukufaka okuzenzakalelayo. Mane nje ungene ngemvume nge-SSH (usebenzisa i-PuTTY, isibonelo) bese usebenzisa lo myalo: curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash
Uma ukhetha ukungasebenzisi izikripthi ngqo kusuka kuwebhu, unayo ezinye izindlela ezenziwe ngesandlaUngalanda i-executable nge wget -O basic-install.sh https://install.pi-hole.net bese uyiqhuba nge sudo bash basic-install.shEnye indlela iwukwenza i-repository esemthethweni ye-GitHub usebenzisa git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/pi-hole/pi-hole.git Pi-hole bese ufaka ifolda yokufaka okuzenzakalelayo ukuze uqalise iskripthi.
Ukuthunyelwa kusetshenziswa i-Docker
Kulabo abathanda izitsha, i-Docker iyindlela enhle kakhulu. Indlela elula ukudala ifayela docker-compose.ymlKuleli fayela kufanele uchaze isithombe pihole/pihole:latest bese uhlela amachweba angu-53, 67, kanye no-80. Kubalulekile ukwengeza i-cap_add: NET_ADMIN Uma uzophatha i-DHCP futhi ulungiselele amavolumu ukuze uhlu lwakho olumnyama lungasuswa lapho isitsha siqala kabusha.
Uma iseva isivuliwe futhi ubona isikrini sokugcina esinemininingwane yakho yokungena, isinyathelo sokugcina ukulungiselela i-DNS kumadivayisi akho noma ngqo ku-router yakho. Ngale ndlela, yonke ithrafikhi evela ekhaya lakho izohlungwa, futhi uzovalelisa kuma-banner acasulayo.
Ukusetha i-Pi-hole ku-Raspberry Pi Zero kuguqula ulwazi lwakho lokuphequlula ngokususa ukukhangisa ezingeni lenethiwekhi, okudinga ihadiwe encane, ikheli le-IP elingaguquki, kanye nokufakwa okungenziwa ngokuzenzakalela kusetshenziswa izikripthi noma iziqukathi ze-Docker, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amachweba e-DNS kanye ne-HTTP amahhala ukuze kusebenze kahle.