Indlela yokufaka nokusebenzisa i-PowerShell ku-Windows 11

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Uma usebenzisa i-Windows 11 nsuku zonke futhi ujabulela ukushintsha uhlelo, ngokushesha noma kamuva uzohlangana ne -PowerShell njenge-console ethuthukisiwe yokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalela , ukuphatha amakhompyutha, kanye nokuvula izici ezingabonakali ngisho naku-interface yesithombe. Inkinga iwukuthi, ngisho naku-Windows 11, okufakwayo kusenesikhathi yi-Windows PowerShell 5.1, inguqulo endala engaphumeleli uma iqhathaniswa namakhono e-PowerShell 7.

Kulesi sihloko, uzobona, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo nangemininingwane eminingi, ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 usebenzisa zonke izindlela ezisemthethweni (i-WinGet, i-MSI, i-MSIX, i-ZIP, kanye ne-.NET Global Tool), ukuthi ungayibuyekeza kanjani, uyikhiphe kanjani, uhlole izinguqulo, ufake i-PowerShell ISE, ngisho nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ekubhaleni, ukuzenzekela, nokuthi ihluke kanjani ku-CMD. Konke kuchazwa ngesiSpanishi esicacile nesifinyelelekayo (esivela eSpain), ngaphandle kokushiya noma yiziphi izinketho ezibalulekile.

Iyini i-PowerShell, yiziphi izinguqulo ezikhona, futhi zisebenza kanjani ndawonye ku-Windows 11?

I-PowerShell iyi- interface yomugqa womyalo kanye nolimi lokubhala oluthuthukisiwe oludalwe yi-Microsoft ukuphatha i-Windows (futhi manje i-Linux kanye ne-macOS). Yasungulwa yi-.NET Framework, kodwa i-PowerShell 7 manje isekelwe ku-.NET kanye ne-C#, iyi-cross-platform, futhi ingumthombo ovulekile, okuye kwayivumela ukuthi iguquke ngokushesha kakhulu kunenguqulo yakudala efakiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Windows.

I-Windows 11 iza ne- Windows PowerShell 5.1 efakwe ngaphambilini , esenamandla kakhulu futhi eyanele kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi basekhaya. Kodwa-ke, isiye yahlala isikhathi eside: ayisatholi izici ezintsha, ithola kuphela ama-patches okuphepha. Ngakho-ke, i-Microsoft ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe -PowerShell 7 njengenguqulo yesimanje futhi eshintsha njalo , esatshalaliswa njengohlelo lokusebenza oluzimele.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: I-PowerShell 7 Ayithathi indawo yeWindows PowerShell 5.1Ifakwe kufolda ehlukile futhi inefayela layo elisebenzisekayo.pwsh.exe) futhi ingahlala ndawonye ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngenguqulo yakudala (powershell.exeLokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole izikripthi, ujabulele izici ezintsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uqhubeke nokusebenzisa amamojula amadala asebenza kuphela ne-5.1.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo oyisebenzisayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo kukhonsoli futhi uzobona inguqulo ye-PowerShell host oyilayishile:

Get-Host | Select-Object Version

Lokhu kuhlola kuwusizo kakhulu uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PowerShell 7 ifakwe kahle ku-Windows 11 noma hlola ukuthi usesenguqulo engu-5.1 efakwe ngaphambilini.

Izici ezintsha nezinzuzo ze-PowerShell 7 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Windows PowerShell 5.1

Nakuba iWindows PowerShell 5.1 isenamandla kakhulu, iPowerShell 7 yethula izithuthukisi ezenzelwe abaphathi besistimu nabasebenzisi abathuthukile abasebenza ngezikripthi eziyinkimbinkimbi, amaseva amaningi, noma idatha eningi.

Esinye sezici zayo ezivelele yi -Pipeline Parallelism . Ngenxa yalesi sici, ungacubungula amakhulu amafayela noma uphathe amaseva amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, unciphise imisebenzi eyayithatha amahora amaningi ibe yimizuzu embalwa. Iwusizo kakhulu ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokuphatha esindayo ngokuzenzakalela.

Ihlanganisiwe futhi opharetha abasha abavumela ukubhala ikhodi ehlanzekile neyinkimbinkimbi, esikhundleni samabhulokhi amade ohlobo if/else ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo ezifundeka kalula, ezinomugqa owodwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza izikripthi zibe zinhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha futhi kusiza ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside.

Ukuphathwa kwamaphutha kuthatha igxathu elikhulu phambili nge-cmdlet Get-Errorekhombisa ulwazi olunemininingwane noluhlelwe kahle mayelana nokwehluleka. Esikhundleni sokuhamba ezingodweni ezididayo, ungaxilonga izinkinga ngokushesha okukhulu, unciphise isikhathi esichithwa ekulungiseni amaphutha ezikripthi kanye nokwenza okuzenzakalelayo okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Kanye nalezi zici, i-PowerShell 7 iletha ama-cmdlet amasha, ukubukwa okufana ne-ConciseView , izaziso zokuvuselelwa kwenguqulo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, izendlalelo zokuhambisana zokusebenzisa amamojula e-Windows kumaseshini angacacile, kanye nekhono lokubiza izinsiza ngqo kusuka ku-console ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

Ngamafuphi, uma usebenzisa i-PowerShell ngobungcweti, uphatha amaseva, noma uzenzela ngokuzenzakalela izinqubo, ukuthuthukela ku-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 cishe kuyimpoqo ; uma uyivula ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ngomyalo othize, ungaphila kahle nenguqulo 5.1, kodwa uzophuthelwa izinto eziningi ezilula.

Izindlela ezisemthethweni zokufaka i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11

I-Microsoft inikeza izindlela eziningana ezisemthethweni zokufaka i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 , ngayinye eyenzelwe isimo esihlukile: ideskithophu yasekhaya, indawo yebhizinisi, ukuthunyelwa kwenqwaba, izindawo ze-ARM, njll. Zonke izindlela ozozibona lapha zisekelwa yi-Microsoft, ngokungafani nabanye abafaki bezinkampani zangaphandle abangase babe khona.

Izindlela zokufaka ezisekelwayo yilezi:

• WinGetLena indlela enconywayo kumakhompyutha eklayenti le-Windows 11, elula futhi esheshayo kusuka kulayini womyalo.
• Iphakheji ye-MSI: ilungele izindawo zebhizinisi, amaseva kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa ezilawulwayo.
• Iphakheji ye-MSIX/Microsoft Store: kulula kakhulu kubasebenzisi abavamile, ngezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, yize kunemikhawulo ebalulekile.
• Iphakheji ye-Zip: yenzelwe izimo ezithuthukisiwe, izinguqulo eziningi ezihambisanayo, noma izinhlelo ze-Server Core, i-Windows IoT, kanye nemishini ye-ARM.
• Ithuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke: iwusizo kakhulu kubathuthukisi be-.NET asebevele bephatha amathuluzi omhlaba wonke kusukela ku-SDK.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kwendlela ngayinye kuvame ukuba nezinguqulo eziningana: inguqulo ezinzile (Ukukhishwa) kanye nenguqulo yokubuka kuqala (Ukubuka kuqala) . Indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu yendawo yokukhiqiza ukufaka ukukhishwa kwakamuva okuzinzile bese ubhuka ukubuka kuqala kokuhlolwa noma ezindaweni zelebhu.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 nge-WinGet (indlela enconyiwe)

I-WinGet iyimenenja yephakheji ye-Windows ehlanganiswe ne-Windows 11 (njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-App Installer). Iyithuluzi lomugqa wemiyalo elikuvumela ukuthi uthole, ufake, ubuyekeze, futhi ususe izinhlelo ngokushesha, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukuphatha i-PowerShell 7 ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kokulandwa ngesandla.

Okusetshenziswayo winget Ingaqaliswa kusuka kunoma iyiphi ikhonsoli: cmd.exe, iWindows PowerShell 5.1 noma iPowerShell 7 uqobo Uma usufakiwe. Ukuze uthole inguqulo yakamuva ye-PowerShell etholakalayo, sebenzisa:

winget search --id Microsoft.PowerShell --exact

Lapho uzobona inguqulo yamanje eqinile eshicilelwe endaweni yokugcina ye-WinGet. Kusukela ngephakheji ye-PowerShell 7.6.0, i-WinGet ifaka iphakheji ye-MSIX ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuthi ucacise okunye.

Ukuze ufake uhlelo lwe-MSIX lwe-PowerShell 7 oluvela ku-WinGet, ungasebenzisa:

winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell --source winget

Uma ukhetha ukuphoqa ukufakwa usebenzisa iphakheji ye-MSI esikhundleni sephakheji ye-MSIX , isibonelo endaweni yenkampani enezinqubomgomo ezithile, ungacacisa uhlobo lomfaki:

winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell --source winget --installer-type wix

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi, kusukela ezinguqulweni ezithile zokubuka kuqala (isibonelo, kusukela kuphakheji 7.7.0-preview.1), i-MSI ayitholakali njalo futhi i-WinGet ingafaka kuphela i-MSIX yokwakha kuqala.

Ukuze ufake inguqulo yakamuva yokubuka kuqala evela ku-WinGet, ungaqala:

winget install --id Microsoft.PowerShell.Preview --source winget

Le ndlela ithakazelisa kakhulu ngoba kwenza kube lula izibuyekezo zesikhathi esizayoKamuva uzokwazi ukusebenzisa winget upgrade ukuze uthuthukele enguqulweni elandelayo ye-PowerShell 7 ngaphandle kokulanda noma yini ngesandla.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 usebenzisa iphakheji ye-MSI ku-Windows 11

Uma ufuna ukulawula okwengeziwe izinketho zokufaka, ikakhulukazi endaweni yobungcweti, umkhuba ojwayelekile ukulanda isifaki se-PowerShell 7 MSI kusuka ku-GitHub bese usiqhuba njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo.

Kusukela ekhasini elisemthethweni lokukhishwa kwe-PowerShell, uzohlala uthola inguqulo yakamuva (yokukhishwa) kanye nezinguqulo zokubuka kuqala. Landa iphakheji ye-MSI ehambisana nokwakheka kwakho (x64 noma i-ARM64), futhi uma usunayo kukhompyutha yakho, chofoza kabili kuyo bese ulandela i-standard installation wizard.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, ungakhetha izinketho ezifana nokudala izinqamuleli, ukumisa i-PATH variable, noma ukuvumela ukuxhumana okukude . Uma ungenazo izidingo ezikhethekile, ungasebenzisa izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, eziphephile futhi ezifanele abasebenzisi abaningi.

Uma i-wizard isiqedile, uzobe ufake i-PowerShell 7 endleleni evamile. C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7 (ngezinguqulo ezizinzile) noma ...\7-preview Uma kwenzeka izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala, kuzongezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-variable PATH ukuze ngikwazi ukufona pwsh kusuka kunoma iyiphi ikhonsoli.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 MSI ngezinketho ezithuthukisiwe ngomugqa womyalo

Ezindaweni lapho i-PowerShell 7 idinga ukusetshenziswa kumakhompyutha amaningi, umkhuba ojwayelekile awukona ukuchofoza ngesandla, kodwa ukusebenzisa i-Msiexec enamapharamitha ukwenza inqubo isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ulungise zonke izakhiwo zokufaka kusuka kulayini womyalo.

Isifaki se-PowerShell 7 MSI siveza izici eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa:

• USE_MULokhu kulawula ukuthi umkhiqizo uzohlanganiswa yini ne-Microsoft Update, i-WSUS, noma i-Configuration Manager. Kungaba yi-1 (okuzenzakalelayo, ukukhetha ukuthola izibuyekezo) noma i-0 (ukungahlanganyeli kuzibuyekezo nge-MU).
• ENABLE_MU: kuthinta inketho yokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-Microsoft Update kusuka ku-interface yezilungiselelo.
• ENABLE_PSREMOTING: inquma ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-PowerShell okude kuvuliwe yini ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
• I-REGISTER_MANIFEST: Kubonisa ukuthi i-manifest yelogi yomcimbi we-Windows ilogiwe yini.
• ADD_PATH: Inika amandla noma ikhubaza ukungeza i-PowerShell ku-Windows PATH environment variable.
• KHUBAZA_I-TELEMETRY: ivumela ukukhubaza i-PowerShell telemetry ngokusetha i-environment variable POWERSHELL_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT.
• IFOLDER YOKUFAKWA: ichaza isiqondisi sesisekelo lapho i-PowerShell izofakwa khona (ngokuzenzakalelayo, $Env:ProgramFiles\PowerShell\, lapho kudalwe khona ifolda engaphansi 7 o 7-preview (kuye ngohlobo lwenguqulo).

Isibonelo esijwayelekile sokufakwa okuthule okunezinketho eziningana ezivuliwe singase sibukeke kanje (kusuka ku-PowerShell):


$msiParams = @(
'/package PowerShell-7.6.1-win-x64.msi',
'/quiet',
'ADD_EXPLORER_CONTEXT_MENU_OPENPOWERSHELL=1',
'ADD_FILE_CONTEXT_MENU_RUNPOWERSHELL=1',
'ENABLE_PSREMOTING=1',
'REGISTER_MANIFEST=1',
'USE_MU=1',
'ENABLE_MU=1',
'ADD_PATH=1'
)
msiexec.exe @msiParams


Lolu hlobo lokufakwa buthule (/quiet) iphelele ku- Yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa kusuka kumaskripthi noma amathuluzi okuphatha njengoMphathi Wokucushwa. Uma ufuna ukubuyekeza wonke amathuba, ungabheka imibhalo esemthethweni ukuthola imingcele ye Msiexec.exe.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 usebenzisa iphakheji ye-ZIP

I-Microsoft iphinde ishicilele amafayela e-ZIP nge-PowerShell 7 binaries , egxile ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe noma ezikhethekile: izinguqulo eziningi ezihambisanayo, i-Windows Server Core, i-Windows IoT, izindawo ezingenayo i-graphical installer, imishini ye-ARM efana ne-Surface Pro X, njll.

Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, landa inguqulo ekhasini lenguqulo esemthethweni. Ifayela le-ZIP elihambisana nesistimu yakho (x64, ARM64, njll.)Kuye ngokuthi uyithola kanjani, kungadingeka uvule ifayela nge-cmdlet Unblock-File ukuze iWindows ingakumaki njengokuqukethwe okuvela kwi-inthanethi ngemikhawulo eyengeziwe.

Bese ukhipha okuqukethwe noma kuphi lapho ufuna khona (kungcono ku- $Env:ProgramFiles\PowerShell\7 noma indawo efanayo) futhi isebenza ngqo pwsh.exe kusuka kuleyo folda. Akukho mfakisi onjaloNgakho-ke, le ndlela ayihloli izimfuneko noma ayilungiseleli ngokuzenzakalelayo i-PATH.

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa izinguqulo eziningi ze-PowerShell 7 ngesikhathi esisodwa , ungakhipha ngayinye uyiyise kufolda ehlukile. Kuleso simo, kuzodingeka udale izinqamuleli kumenyu ethi Qala futhi, uma kudingeka, wengeze ngesandla indlela ehambisanayo ku-PATH environment variable.

Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumana okukude nge-WSMan, kufanele uqinisekise ngokwakho ukuthi zonke izidingo zesistimu ziyahlangatshezwa , ngoba i-ZIP ayilungiseleli lutho ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokungafani ne-MSI.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 njengethuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke

Uma usuvele unayo i-.NET SDK efakiwe kwi-PC yakho, inketho elula kakhulu iwukuthi Faka i-PowerShell 7 njengethuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke, iphethwe ngomyalo dotnet toolLokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu kubathuthukisi asebevele bephatha amanye amathuluzi kusukela lapho.

Umyalo wokuyifaka ulula:

dotnet tool install --global PowerShell

Le nqubo ingeza ifolda ngokuzenzakalelayo $HOME\.dotnet\tools kuya kokuguquguqukayo kwemvelo $Env:PATHukuze ukwazi ukuqala pwsh kusukela kumaseshini amasha ekhonsoli ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lokho kusho ukuthi, Iseshini yamanje ayibuyekezi ngokuzenzakalelayoNgakho-ke, kuzodingeka uvule iwindi elisha le-terminal ukuze izinguquko zibonakale ku-PATH.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ungasebenzisa i-PowerShell 7 njenganoma yiliphi elinye ithuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke, bese ulibuyekeza noma ulikhiphe ngemiyalo efanayo. dotnet toolokuhlanganisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwezindawo zokuthuthukiswa.

Faka i-PowerShell 7 usebenzisa iphakheji ye-MSIX noma kusuka ku-Microsoft Store

I-PowerShell 7 iyatholakala futhi ngefomethi ye-MSIX, kokubili ukuze ilandwe ngqo nange-Microsoft Store . Le fomethi iphawuleka ngobulula bayo kanye nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ezifakwe ku-Windows.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokufaka kusuka ku-Microsoft Store noma nge-MSIX yilezi:

• Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuzihlola ngesandla, njengoba uhlelo ngokwalo lunakekela ukugcina uhlelo lokusebenza lusesikhathini.
• Ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi okuphatha isofthiwe njenge-Intune noma i-Configuration Manager ezindaweni zebhizinisi.
• Ukuhambisana ne- Amaprosesa e-x64 kanye ne-Arm64 ku-Windows 11.

Ukuze ufake ngesandla iphakheji ye-MSIX elandiwe kusuka ku-GitHub, mane uchofoze kabili kufayela. .msixbundle noma sebenzisa lo myalo ovela ku-PowerShell:

Add-AppxPackage -Path ".\PowerShell-7.6.1.msixbundle"

Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lokufakwa lunemikhawulo ebalulekile okufanele uyicabangele uma uthembele kuzici ezithuthukisiwe:

• Ukufakwa okusekelwe eSitolo se-Microsoft Kungomsebenzisi oyedwa kuphela.Ayikwazi ukuthunyelwa kubo bonke abasebenzisi bethimba kusukela kuphakheji uqobo.
• Amaphakheji e-MSIX asebenza ku- indawo engayodwa (sandbox) okwenza ingxenye yesistimu yamafayela kanye nerejista ibe yi-virtual, futhi ivimbele izinguquko kufolda yempande yohlelo lokusebenza ($PSHOME).
• Ayisekelwe Ukuxhumana kwe-PowerShell okukude kwezinga lesistimu ne-WSMan, ngoba izinguquko ku $PSHOME Zivinjiwe.
• Akunakwenzeka ukudala noma ukuguqula amaphrofayela abo bonke abasebenzisi abagcinwe ku- $PROFILE.AllUsersAllHosts o $PROFILE.AllUsersCurrentHostKutholakala amaphrofayili omsebenzisi wamanje kuphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiyalo eminingana edinga ukubhalwa $PSHOME Azisebenzi ekufakweni kwe-Microsoft Store, isibonelo:

• Register-PSSessionConfiguration
• Update-Help -Scope AllUsers
• Enable-ExperimentalFeature -Scope AllUsers
• Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope LocalMachine

Ngamafuphi, iphakheji ye-MSIX/Store ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ukuhlala benenguqulo yakamuva ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi abangadingi ukulawula okukude okuthuthukisiwe noma ukwenza ngokwezifiso zomhlaba wonke. Uma udinga ukulawula okuphelele phezu kwemvelo, i-MSI noma i-ZIP ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono.

Ungayiqala kanjani i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 bese uhlola ukuthi ifakiwe kuphi

Uma usuyifakile i-PowerShell 7 usebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla, ungayiqalisa ngezindlela eziningana . Okuqondile kakhulu ukuvula imenyu ethi Qala, thayipha "PowerShell 7," bese uchofoza okufakiwe okuhambisanayo. Ngokuvamile uzobona okufakiwe okuthi "PowerShell 7-preview" uma unenguqulo yokubuka kuqala efakiwe.

Enye indlela ukuvula noma iyiphi ikhonsoli (kufaka phakathi neyakudala). cmd.exe noma iWindows PowerShell 5.1) bese uthayipha nje:

pwsh

Uma ukufakwa kufake ngempumelelo indlela eya ku-PATH, umyalo uzoqalisa i-PowerShell 7 efasiteleni elifanayo noma elisha, kuye ngokuthi uyilungiselele kanjani indlela enqamulelayo.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inguqulo ezinzile ifakiwe ku- $Env:ProgramFiles\PowerShell\7 kanye nezinguqulo zokubuka kuqala ku- $Env:ProgramFiles\PowerShell\7-previewKumenyu ethi Qala uzobona okufakiwe okuningana: okubili okuhambisana ne-Windows PowerShell 5.1 (kufaka phakathi i-Windows PowerShell ISE) kanye nokunye okuqondene ne-PowerShell 7.

Uma uke waba nokungabaza Ifakwe kanjani inguqulo ye-PowerShell oyisebenzisayo?Ungahlola okuguquguqukayo $PSHOMEokuhlala kukhomba kuhlu lwemibhalo oluyisisekelo lwe-executable kuseshini yamanje. Ezinye izinkomba ezivamile yilezi:

• Si $PSHOME es $HOME\.dotnet\tools, yafakwa njengethuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke.
• Uma kufanelekile $Env:ProgramFiles\PowerShell\7Cishe ifakwe ngephakheji ye-MSI (uzoyibona futhi ku-"Izinhlelo Nezici").
• Uma uqala ngokuthi $Env:ProgramFiles\WindowsApps\, ivela kuphakheji ye-MSIX / Microsoft Store.
• Uma kungenye indlela eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, mhlawumbe ukufakwa ngu Ifayela le-ZIP elivuliwe.

Buyekeza i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 ibe yinguqulo yakamuva

I-PowerShell 7 yakhelwe ukuthola izibuyekezo zesici kanye nokuphepha eziqhubekayo . Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlala usesikhathini: sebenzisa i-Microsoft Update (uma uyivulile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-MSI) noma ukuphinda indlela efanayo owayisebenzisa okokuqala (i-WinGet, i-MSI, i-MSIX, i-ZIP, noma ithuluzi le-.NET).

Uma ihlanganiswe ne-Microsoft Update, i-PowerShell 7 ingabuyekezwa nge-Windows Update for Business, i-WSUS, noma i-Configuration Manager , njenganoma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo we-Microsoft. Lena indlela elula kakhulu uma uphatha amakhompyutha amaningi.

Uma ufuna ukuhlala uphambili kulokho okunikezwa yi-Microsoft Update futhi uhlale unenguqulo yakamuva ngokushesha nje lapho ikhishwa, kufanele usebenzise indlela efanayo yokufaka yokuqalaUma uyifakile nge-MSI, faka i-MSI entsha; uma bekuyi-WinGet, sebenzisa winget upgradeUma bekuyifayela le-ZIP, ulanda bese ushintsha ifayela le-ZIP, njalo njalo. Izinguqulo ezintsha ezizinzile zithatha indawo yezinguqulo zangaphambilini ezizinzile, kuyilapho izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala zibuyekeza izinguqulo zokubuka kuqala zangaphambilini, kodwa njalo... Ziyaqhubeka nokufakwa ngokuhambisana nenguqulo eqinile.

Ngokukhethekile, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-WinGet ukuhlola ukuthi inguqulo entsha iyatholakala yini, ungagijima:

winget list --id Microsoft.PowerShell --upgrade-available

Uma kukhona isibuyekezo, uzobona inguqulo yakamuva ekuphumeni. Ukuze uyisebenzise:

winget upgrade --id Microsoft.PowerShell

I-WinGet izozama ukugcina uhlobo olufanayo lwephakheji owalisebenzisa ekuqaleni (i-MSI noma i-MSIX), uma nje kukhona inketho yenguqulo entsha. Uma ingatholakali, kuzodingeka usebenzise enye indlela, njengokulanda ngesandla kusuka ku-GitHub.

Buyekeza ngesandla kusuka ku-PowerShell usebenzisa iskripthi esisemthethweni se-Microsoft

Uma ukhetha ukungavuli isiphequluli sakho noma ukuzulazula ku-GitHub njalo, ungabuyekeza i-PowerShell 7 ngqo kusuka kukhonsoli usebenzisa iskripthi esisemthethweni esilanda futhi sifaka inguqulo yakamuva ezinzile ngefomethi ye-MSI.

Vula i-PowerShell ngamalungelo okuphatha (ngaphandle kwalokho umyalo uzohluleka) bese usebenzisa:

iex "& { $(irm https://aka.ms/install-powershell.ps1) } -UseMSI"

Lesi sikripthi silanda i-MSI yakamuva kumaseva asemthethweni e-Microsoft , sisebenzise isifaki, futhi sikuqondise nge-wizard. Uma usuqedile, uzoba nenguqulo yakamuva efakiwe ngaphandle kokuyifuna ngesandla. Awudingi ukuqala kabusha i-Windows ukuze uqale ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphandle kokuthi unezinqubo ezithile ezivimba amafayela.

Khipha i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 usebenzisa indlela esetshenzisiwe

Ukukhipha i-PowerShell 7 kuncike ekutheni yafakwa kanjani ekuqaleni . Ayikho indlela eyodwa esebenza kuzo zonke izimo, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi wenzeni ekuqaleni:

• Uma uyifakile nge WinGetUngayisusa nge:
  winget uninstall --id Microsoft.PowerShell
• Uma usebenzise i Iphakheji ye-MSIIya ku-Control Panel > Izinhlelo kanye nezici bese uyikhipha njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza.
• Uma ukhethe i- Iphakheji ye-ZIPMane nje ususe ifolda lapho ukhiphe khona amafayela (futhi, uma ufuna, hlanza izinqamuleli kanye nokufakwa kwe-PATH okungenzeka ukuthi ukulungiselele ngesandla).
• Uma uyifakile kusuka ku- Isitolo MicrosoftVula imenyu ethi Qala, sesha i-"PowerShell 7", chofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha okuthi "Khipha".
• Uma unayo njengoba ithuluzi le-.NET lomhlaba wonke, isebenzisa:
  dotnet tool uninstall --global PowerShell

Khumbula ukuthi i-Windows PowerShell 5.1 iyingxenye yesistimu yokusebenza futhi ayisuswa uma ukhipha i-PowerShell 7. Izohlala itholakala kumamojula nezikripthi ezisebenza kuphela ngaleyo nguqulo.

Izinguqulo zeWindows ezisekelwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zeDocker

I-Microsoft isekela i-PowerShell 7 uma nje inguqulo ye-PowerShell kanye nohlelo lwe-Windows zihlala ngaphakathi komjikelezo wazo wokuphila osemthethweni . Ngokuvamile, uma i-Windows 11 yakho isesikhathini futhi isekelwa, kufanele ukwazi ukusebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva eqinile ye-PowerShell 7 ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ze-.NET SDK Docker zifaka inguqulo yakamuva ye-PowerShell . Lezi zisatshalaliswa kusuka ku-Microsoft Artifact Registry futhi ziwusizo kakhulu ekuhlolweni nasezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa ezifakwe ezitsheni. Kodwa-ke, zingase zingafaki izibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha zesistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo, ngakho-ke i-Microsoft itusa ukubuyekeza amaphakheji esistimu ngaphakathi kwesithombe uma uhlela ukuwasebenzisela noma yini ngaphandle kokuhlola.

Uma udinga isithombe se-Docker esiqinisekisiwe ukuze ukhiqizwe, kungcono ukuthi udale isithombe sakho esenziwe ngokwezifiso kusuka endaweni esemthethweni, usigcine sinolwazi olusha ngezibuyekezo ezidingwa yindawo okuyo.

Indlela yokufaka i-PowerShell ISE ku-Windows 11 Pro

Nakuba iMicrosoft ikhuthaza i-Visual Studio Code ngesandiso se-PowerShell njengendawo enconywayo, i-PowerShell ISE isatholakala ku-Windows 11 Pro njengesici sokuzikhethela. Uma ukhetha le ndawo yakudala yokubhala nokulungisa amaphutha ezikripthi, ungaqhubeka nokuyifaka ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.

Ukuze unike amandla i-Windows PowerShell ISE kusuka kuzilungiselelo ze-Windows 11 Pro, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Chofoza inkinobho ethi Qala bese uthayipha "Izici ozikhethela zona".
2. Vula uhlelo lokusebenza "Izici ozikhethela zona - Izilungiselelo zesistimu".
3. Chofoza inkinobho ethi "Buka imisebenzi".
4. Enjinini yokusesha, thayipha u-"ISE" bese uhlola ibhokisi "IWindows PowerShell ISE".
5. Chofoza "Okulandelayo" bese "Faka."

Uzobona inqubekela phambili yokufaka esigabeni esithi "Izenzo Zamuva", futhi uma sekuqediwe, kuzovela njengokuthi "Kufakiwe." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, umhleli we-PowerShell ISE uzotholakala kumenyu ethi Qala , ulungele ukusetshenziswa ne-Windows PowerShell 5.1.

Kubaphathi besizinda kanye nezindawo zeseva, i-PowerShell ISE ingasebenza futhi nge -RSAT kanye ne-ServerManager module . Indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza kungaba ukufaka amathuluzi e-RSAT adingekayo, ukungenisa i-module nge:

Install-Module ServerManager -Verbose -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
Import-Module ServerManager -Verbose -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -WarningAction SilentlyContinue

Ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa ama-cmdlets afana Get-WindowsFeature ukuphatha izici, yize ku-Windows 11 indlela evame kakhulu kusewukusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esithi "Izici Ezingakhethwa" noma ukwenza igxathu eliqondile ku Ikhodi ye-Visual Studio enesandiso se-PowerShellokuyindlela enconyiwe yesikhathi eside.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-PowerShell ne-CMD ku-Windows 11

Abasebenzisi abaningi basalokhu benamathele ku-Command Prompt (CMD) yakudala ngenxa yomkhuba, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi i-PowerShell isesimweni esihlukile ngokwamandla nokuguquguquka . I-CMD iyinzalo ye-MS-DOS futhi ihlale ingashintshi amashumi eminyaka, yenzelwe imiyalo eyisisekelo kanye nezikripthi ezilula.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PowerShell yakhelwe ku-.NET futhi isebenza ngezinto esikhundleni sezintambo zombhalo . Lokhu kuvumela ukufinyelela ezakhiweni zesistimu eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuphathwa kolwazi oluhlelekile, kanye nokuhlunga nokuguqula idatha ngendlela ecebile kakhulu kunamapayipi ombhalo alula e-CMD.

I-PowerShell ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe cishe zonke izici ze-Windows , kusukela kumasevisi nezinqubo kuya kurejista, i-Active Directory, i-Exchange, i-SQL Server, i-IIS, neminye imikhiqizo ye-Microsoft, ngenxa yamamojula ayo akhethekile. Iphinde ikuvumele ukuthi uhlanganise imiyalo, wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi uhlele yonke imisebenzi ngezikripthi ezimbalwa eziklanywe kahle.

I-CMD isasebenza emisebenzini elula kakhulu, kodwa uma udinga ukuya phambili - isibonelo, ukuxhumanisa ama-backups, ukufaka izilungiselelo ngobuningi, noma ukuphatha ipulazi leseva - i-PowerShell 7 iyithuluzi elikunikeza ngempela ukulawula okuhlanganisiwe ohlelweni lokusebenza.

Sebenzisa amafayela e-batch kanye nezikripthi kusuka ku-PowerShell

Enye yezinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 ukuthi Awulahlekelwa ukuhambisana namafayela amadala e-batch (.CMD o .BAT) oye waqoqa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eqinisweni, ungavula lawo mafayela kusuka ku-PowerShell usebenzisa imiyalo efana Invoke-Expression.

Isibonelo, uma unefayela softzone.cmd Ku-drive E: ngemiyalelo eminingana ye-batch, ungayiqhuba kusuka ku-PowerShell kanje:

Invoke-Expression -Command "E:/softzone.cmd"

Lo myalo usebenzisa uhlelo noma iskripthi esicacisiwe ohlelweni lwendawo ngqo ngaphakathi kweseshini ye-PowerShell. Ungasihlanganisa futhi nezikripthi zakho ze-PowerShell ukuze uhlanganise imisebenzi ye-.CMD yendabuko kanye nokuzenzakalelayo okusha okusekelwe ku-cmdlet.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-PowerShell ne-CMD azihumushi yonke imiyalo ngendlela efanayo , ngakho-ke uma unezikripthi eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-CMD, indlela ehlanzekile kakhulu esikhathini esimaphakathi ivame ukuyithuthela ku-PowerShell emsulwa, sisebenzisa ama-cmdlet ayo, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha, kanye nemodeli yezinto.

Ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi nge-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11

Amandla eqiniso e-PowerShell 7 ayabonakala uma uyisebenzisa ukuze wenze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo isebenze ngokuzenzakalela ku-Windows 11. Ungahlela izikripthi ukuze uphathe ama-backups, ukuhlanza ama-disk, ukufaka izilungiselelo, ukuphatha abasebenzisi, ukuqapha izinsizakalo, ukuqalisa izibuyekezo, nokunye okuningi, ngaphandle kokuchofoza ku-interface yesithombe.

Cabanga, isibonelo, ukuthi ufuna ukudala amakhophi avamile efolda ebalulekile . Ungachaza iskripthi esincane esinjengalesi (esifanelaniswe nesakhiwo sefolda yakho):


$source = "C:\Ruta\CarpetaOrigen\"
$destination = "D:\Backup"
$date = Get-Date -Format "MM-dd-yyyy"
$backupFolder = "$destination\Backup_$date"
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $backupFolder
Copy-Item -Path $source* -Destination $backupFolder -Recurse


Lesi sibonelo sakha ifolda yokusekelayo enosuku egameni futhi siphinda konke okuqukethwe yifolda yomthombo kuleyo ndlela oya kuyo. Ngokuhlela lesi skripthi nge-Windows Task Scheduler, ungaba nama-backups nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umunwe.

Futhi lokhu kumane nje kuyiphuzu elibalulekile: nge-PowerShell ungaphatha amanethiwekhi, izizindalwazi, izinsizakalo ezikude , uqalise imiyalo kumakhompyutha akunethiwekhi efanayo usebenzisa i-remote noma i-SSH, noma uhlele ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma usebenzisa i-PowerShell 7 kakhulu, kulapho inzuzo enkulu ekutshalweni kwemali ekongeni isikhathi.

Uma usebenza ngezikripthi, khumbula ukunaka iNqubomgomo Yokusebenzisa kanye nezici zokuphepha: ungasebenzisi izikripthi ezivela emithonjeni engabazekayo futhi ugcine imikhuba emihle yokusayina nokulawula imithombo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.

Ekugcineni, ukufaka i-PowerShell 7 ku-Windows 11 kuvula izinga lokulawula kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela elidlula kakhulu lokho uhlelo olukunikezayo ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna nje ukugcina ikhonsoli yesimanje isesikhathini noma uphathe amakhulu amakhompyutha, ukuqonda ukuhlanganiswa kwe-WinGet, MSI, MSIX, ZIP, .NET, amathuluzi afana ne-PowerShell ISE kanye ne-Visual Studio Code, kanye namakhono okubhala kuzohlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuphatha i-Windows 11 ngobuchwepheshe nangokusebenza kahle.