Indlela yokuxhuma i-node ye-LoRaWAN ku-TTN isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

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Uma usufike lapha, kungenxa yokuthi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani i-node ye-LoRaWAN ku-TTN kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni , ungashiyi lutho: amasango, ama-node, izinzwa, imitapo yolwazi, okhiye, kanye nokucushwa kwenethiwekhi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe wezokuxhumana; ngomhlahlandlela ohlelekile kahle kanye nokubekezela okuncane, ungazilungiselela inethiwekhi yakho ye-LoRaWAN esebenzayo ngokushesha.

Kule migqa elandelayo, uzobona, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuthi ungayisetha kanjani isango, ulibhalise ku-The Things Network, ungeze izinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi okugcina, bese uhlela ama-node e-LoRaWAN asekelwe kumabhodi e-ESP32 noma e-Arduino, kanye nezibonelo ngezinzwa zezentengiselwano (i-SenseCAP, i-Decentlab, i-Dragino, i-Tabs Browan). Sizophinde simboze imininingwane ewusizo engatholakali njalo ezincwadini: izinkinga ezivamile eziyinhloko, ukukhethwa kwemvamisa, ukuxhumeka kwephini ngokomzimba, kanye namaqhinga okuqinisekisa ukuthi konke empeleni kuxhumana ne-TTN.

Yini i-LoRa ne-LoRaWAN, futhi kungani kusetshenziswa i-TTN?

I-LoRa ne-LoRaWAN ziyimiqondo emibili ehlobene, kodwa ayifani . I-LoRa iyi-modulation yemvamisa yomsakazo ebanga elide, enamandla aphansi ephathelene ne-Semtech. I-LoRaWAN iyi-protocol yenethiwekhi ethembele ku-LoRa ukuphatha ukuthi amadivayisi okugcina (ama-node) axhumana kanjani namasango kanye neseva yenethiwekhi.

Kunethiwekhi evamile ye-LoRaWAN, kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: amasango nama-node . Amasango asebenza "njengamabhuloho" phakathi komhlaba we-LoRa (umsakazo) nomhlaba we-IP (i-inthanethi), adlulisela amaphakethe kuseva ye-LoRaWAN. Ama-node ayizinzwa noma ama-actuator athumela futhi amukele ulwazi esebenzisa i-LoRa ukuya nokubuya kulawa masango.

Ukuze uxhume konke lokhu, udinga iseva ye-LoRaWAN. Ungakhokhela isevisi yangasese (opharetha abanjengoMovistar, iVodafone, noma amapulatifomu afana neLoriot, i-Actility, iKerlink) noma uhambe ngendlela yomphakathi usebenzisa i-The Things Network (TTN), okuyinethiwekhi yomphakathi evulekile enakekelwa umphakathi.

I-TTN inenzuzo yokuhlonipha ukuphathwa kwedatha, ukungathathi hlangothi, nokukuvumela ukuthi unikele ngamasango kunethiwekhi . Emadolobheni amaningi, abantu bafaka amasango ngokwabo, futhi noma ubani angazuza kulokhu kuvikelwa mahhala ngaphandle kwehadiwe yama-node.

Amaza, Iziteshi, kanye Nemikhawulo ye-LoRaWAN

Ngaphambi kokuthenga noma iyiphi idivayisi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvamisa ye-LoRa iyahambisana nesifunda sakho . Ukusebenza eYurophu akufani nokusebenza e-United States noma e-Asia; uma ukhetha ibhendi engalungile, idivayisi ingase ingasebenzi noma ingabi semthethweni.

EYurophu, ibhendi engu-868 MHz (EU868) isetshenziswa kakhulu . E-United States, ibhendi evamile ingu-915 MHz (US915). Abathengisi baseShayina banikeza izinhlobo eziningi zamamojula angu-433 MHz, okungase kube okukhangayo ngenxa yentengo yawo, kodwa awahambisani njalo ne-LoRaWAN noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwezwe lakini.

Ngaphezu kwemvamisa, i-LoRaWAN ihlelwe ngeziteshi, i-spreading factor (SF), kanye nezinhlelo zemvamisa . I-SF ichaza ijubane kanye nobubanzi: i-SF ephezulu isho ububanzi obukhulu kodwa futhi nesikhathi esiningi emoyeni, okudla amandla amaningi futhi kuthathe isikhala esikhulu sesiteshi.

EYurophu, umthetho owaziwayo "we-1%" uyasebenza : idivayisi ngayinye ingahlala kuphela esiteshini somsakazo ngephesenti elincane lesikhathi, ngokuvamile cishe u-1%. Lokhu kukhawulela ukuthi ungathumela kangaki idatha, futhi kungenye yezizathu ezenza ukuthi izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN zidlulise njalo ngemizuzu embalwa, hhayi njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Amalungiselelo nokukhethwa kwehadiwe yesango nama-node

Ukuze usethe inethiwekhi esebenzayo, uzodinga okungenani isango elilodwa le-LoRaWAN kanye ne-node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (izinzwa) . Ungahlanganisa ihadiwe evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene, inqobo nje uma ihambisana nezinga le-LoRaWAN futhi isebenza kubhendi efanayo yemvamisa.

Enye imodeli ethandwayo yesango langaphakathi yi- Dragino LPS8 , ehlanganisa i-SX1308 concentrator futhi isekela iziteshi ezifika kweziyi-10 ezihambisanayo. Iza ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngezinhlelo zemvamisa ezahlukene kuye ngezwe, futhi eYurophu, isebenza ku-868 MHz. Inikwa amandla yi-5V nge-USB-C futhi ixhuma kunethiwekhi ye-IP nge-RJ-45 noma i-Wi-Fi.

Ezinye izibonelo zamasango asebenza kahle ne-TTN zifaka phakathi i- RAK7289 (engaphandle, eqinile, futhi enenketho ye-LTE/4G) noma amasango asemthethweni e-TTN-GW-868 MHz, aklanyelwe ukufaka ukumbozwa emadolobheni noma kumaphrojekthi e-Smart City. Kungenzeka futhi ukwakha isango leseli elilodwa ngebhodi le-ESP32 kanye nemodyuli ye-SX1262 LoRa , njengoba kwenziwa ngekhithi ye-Wio-SX1262 kanye ne-Xiaomi ESP32S3.

Njengama-node unezinketho ezimbili: sebenzisa izinzwa zezentengiselwano esezilungele i-LoRaWAN (i-SenseCAP S210x, i-Tabs Browan TBHH100, i-Dragino TrackerD, i-Decentlab, njll.) noma wakhe ama-node akho ngamabhodi okuthuthukisa njenge-TTGO LoRa32 V2.0, i-ESP32 + RMF95, i-Arduino + LoRa module, njll.

Lungiselela isango le-LoRaWAN bese ulixhuma ku-TTN

Isinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu kule phrojekthi ukuqalisa isango nokusebenza bese kuvela "Okuxhunyiwe" ku-TTN . Nakuba umenzi ngamunye enedeshibhodi yakhe, izinyathelo zomqondo zifana kakhulu.

Nge-Dragino LPS8, isibonelo, ungayiphatha nge-SSH noma i-HTTP . Uma uyixhuma ngekhebula le-RJ-45, kuzodingeka uthole ikheli le-IP elinikezwe yiseva ye-DHCP (usebenzisa iskena se-IP noma nge-router yakho). Uma ukhetha ukusetha kokuqala nge-Wi-Fi, i-LPS8 idala inethiwekhi yayo ene-SSID efana ne-“dragino-xxxxx” kanye nephasiwedi ezenzakalelayo efana ne-“dragino+dragino”. Ukufinyelela ikheli le-IP 10.130.1.1 kuzokuyisa kuphaneli yewebhu, lapho igama lomsebenzisi lokuqala kanye nephasiwedi ngokuvamile kuba “admin/dragino”.

Uma ungena, uzobona imenyu enezingxenye eziningana, futhi ezinye izinketho zingase zibe nesiphambano esibomvu esibonisa ukuthi ukucushwa akukho . Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lwemvamisa yendawo yakho kuthebhu ye-LoRa; eYurophu, lokhu yi-EU868 (cishe i-868 MHz).

Okulandelayo, thepha ithebhu ethi LoRaWAN noma i-Network Server . Lapho uchaza ukuthi iyiphi iseva ye-LoRaWAN isango elizoxhuma kuyo. Ku-TTN, khetha u-"TTN" njengomhlinzeki bese ufaka ikheli leseva yaseYurophu (isibonelo, i-eu1.cloud.thethings.network), ugcine amachweba e-UDP (ngokuvamile angu-1700 kokubili ukulayisha nokulanda). Kuleyo ngxenye efanayo, uzobona i-Gateway ID noma i-EUI, esizoyidinga kamuva ku-TTN.

Esigabeni seNethiwekhi, ulungiselela indlela isango elixhuma ngayo kwi-inthanethi : i-LAN, i-WAN, noma i-Wi-Fi WAN. Kwi-interface ye-WAN, ungakhetha ikheli le-IP elingaguquki noma i-DHCP; noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ikheli le-IP elingaguquki ngaphezu kokuxhumeka okunezintambo liyanconywa ukuze kube nokuxhumeka okuzinzile nokufinyelela okulula kokuphatha. Isigaba se-LAN sivame ukusetshenziselwa inethiwekhi yangaphakathi yephuzu lokufinyelela lesango; kungcono ukungashintshi lesi silungiselelo ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele okwenzayo, njengoba kungaba ukusindisa impilo uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Esigabeni se-WiFi, ungalungisa kokubili indawo yokufinyelela ekhiqizwe yisango ngokwalo kanye nokuxhumeka kwayo kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi yangaphandle . Ukuze kuvikelwe, kunconywa ukushintsha i-SSID ezenzakalelayo kanye nephasiwedi yendawo yokufinyelela evela efektri.

Kumasango e-RAK7289, inqubo iyafana: finyelela iphaneli yewebhu, lungiselela ikheli le-IP (elimile noma i-DHCP) nge-Network → WAN Interface , bese kuthi, ku-LoRa Network → Network Settings → Packet Forwarder, faka imininingwane yeseva ye-TTN bese ubhala i-Gateway EUI ukuze uyibhalise ne-TTN kamuva. Uma usemuva kwe-router enikeza i-DHCP, ungathola ikheli le-IP lesango ngokubheka ithebula lesivumelwano sokuqasha (ngegama lomphathi, isibonelo, "RAK7289") noma usebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-nmap.

Ukubhaliswa kwesango ku-The Things Network

Uma isango selinokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi, udinga ukulibhalisa ne-TTN . Uma ungenayo i-akhawunti, qala ubhalise kuwebhusayithi ye-Things Network bese ufinyelela i-Console esifundeni esifanele (isibonelo, https://eu1.cloud.thethings.network/).

Ngaphakathi kwekhonsoli, khetha isigaba se-Gateways bese uchofoza ku-“Register gateway” . I-TTN izocela i-Gateway ID (igama elihlukile ngaphakathi kwe-akhawunti yakho) futhi, kuye ngohlobo lwe-gateway, i-Gateway EUI. Kumasango e-Dragino LPS8 asebenzisa i-packet forwarder yakudala, kufanele ukhethe inketho ethi “Ngisebenzisa i-legacy packet forwarder”.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzocacisa uhlelo lwemvamisa (i-EU868 yeYurophu) , isifunda noma i-router ehambisanayo, futhi ngokuzithandela, indawo (izixhumanisi, zangaphakathi/zangaphandle, njll.). Kuma-gateway afana neleseli elilodwa eline-XIAO ESP32S3 kanye ne-Wio-SX1262, i-firmware ngokwayo ingabonisa i-Gateway ID nge-serial port lapho iqala; mane uyikopishe bese uyisebenzisa efomini lokubhalisa.

Ngemva kokuqeda lolu lwazi nokubhalisa isango, i-TTN izobonisa isihloli sesimo (“Kuxhunyiwe” noma “Kunqanyuliwe”) kanye nesigaba “seTrafikhi” lapho ungabuka khona ukugeleza kwephakethe ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma konke kulungiselelwe kahle kokubili kusango kanye ne-TTN, kufanele ukubone kushintshela ku-“Kuxhunyiwe” kungakapheli umzuzu noma emibili bese uqala ukubona ithrafikhi lapho ama-node edlulisa khona.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingqalasizinda (isango + iseva) isiyasebenza manje . Kusukela lapha, ukucushwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza namadivayisi okugcina kuyaqala ukusebenza.

Ukudalwa kwesicelo kanye nokubhaliswa kwama-node ku-TTN

Ku-TTN, amadivayisi awabhaliswanga ngqo empandeni ye-akhawunti, kodwa ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza . Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlanganisa i-node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezithumela idatha ehlobene, isibonelo, zonke izinzwa zemvelo esakhiweni, noma ama-GPS tracker amaningana kuphrojekthi yezemfundo.

Ku-console ye-TTN, iya esigabeni sezinhlelo zokusebenza bese udala uhlelo lokusebenza olusha . Lunike i-ID ehlukile, incazelo ongayikhetha, bese ukhetha isifunda esifanele. Ngaphakathi kwalolo hlelo lokusebenza, uzobhalisa i-node ngayinye ye-LoRaWAN ngeziqinisekiso zayo (i-DevEUI, i-JoinEUI/AppEUI, kanye ne-AppKey noma ezinye izinkinobho kuye ngendlela yokusebenzisa).

Kuma-sensor ezentengiselwano afana nama-sensor okushisa nomswakama e-Browan TBHH100-868 , ilebula ene-DevEUI, i-AppEUI, kanye ne-AppKey ivame ukunamathiselwa. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa indlela ye-OTAA (Over-The-Air Activation), ekhiqiza amaseshini ayisihluthulelo ngokujoyina ngakunye kwenethiwekhi, okwenza iphephe kakhulu kune-ABP.

Nge-OTAA, ku-TTN ukhetha ukubhalisa idivayisi entsha yokugcina, ufake i-JoinEUI (AppEUI), i-DevEUI, kanye ne-AppKey , uqinisekise idatha, bese uqinisekisa. Uma isilondoloziwe, uma i-node ihlelwe kahle futhi ingaphakathi kwebanga lesango, izobona ama-beacon enethiwekhi, yenze inqubo yokujoyina, futhi uzoqala ukubona imiyalezo ye-uplink enezilinganiso zayo kukhonsoli.

Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-sensor afana nama-Decentlab level kanye nama-temperature sensors : umenzi unikeza i-ID, i-DevEUI, i-AppEUI, kanye ne-AppKey, kodwa akazi kusengaphambili ukuthi uzosebenzisa yiphi iseva. Unesibopho sokubhalisa lolu lwazi ne-TTN (noma enye iseva) ukuze i-sensor ibhaliswe. Amadivayisi amaningi e-Decentlab abhaliswa kusengaphambili ne-TTN uma uyicela, okwenza inqubo ibe lula nakakhulu.

Ilungiselela izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN zezentengiso

Ake sibheke izibonelo ezithile eziqondile zendlela yokulungiselela nokubhalisa izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN zezentengiselwano ezizoxhumana ne-TTN ngesango lakho.

Kububanzi be-SenseCAP S210x (isibonelo, izinzwa zemvelo), indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-SenseCraft lomkhiqizi . Okokuqala, ulanda uhlelo lokusebenza, uvule inzwa ngenkinobho (ngokuyibamba imizuzwana embalwa kuze kube yilapho i-LED ikhanya njalo ngomzuzwana), bese kuhlelo lokusebenza, ukhetha okuthi "Skena" ukuze ufunde ikhodi ye-QR yedivayisi.

Ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, kunemodi ethi "Ukucushwa Okuthuthukisiwe" lapho ukhetha khona "Inethiwekhi Yezinto" njengeplatifomu . Kufanele ukhethe uhlelo olufanayo lwemvamisa njengesango lakho (isibonelo, i-EU868) bese uqinisekisa ukuthi imodi yokujoyina yi-OTAA. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzobonisa i-Device EUI, i-AppEUI (JoinEUI), kanye ne-AppKey; kungumqondo omuhle ukukubhala phansi lokhu ngoba kuzodingeka ukufake ku-TTN lapho ubhalisa idivayisi.

Uma kwenzeka inzwa ye-Tabs Browan TBHH100-868 , okhiye bafika belungiselelwe kusengaphambili bevela efektri. Inzwa ilinganisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, inikwa amandla yibhethri engu-3,6V, futhi idlulisela idatha ngokuya ngale mithetho: njalo ngemizuzu engama-60 uma kungekho shintsho, noma ngokushesha uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngo-±2°C noma umswakama ngo-±5%. Ukuze uyibhalise, vele ufake i-APPKey, i-APPEUI, kanye ne-DevEUI enikezwe umenzi kuseva yakho ye-LoRaWAN (isibonelo, i-TTN). Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nenkinga ngefomethi noma i-byte order (msb/lsb), ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola lokhu uma kungaxhumi okokuqala.

Amadivayisi e-Dragino TrackerD asetshenziswa njenge-GPS trackers enenkinobho yokwethuka. Iyunithi ngayinye inesethi yayo yezinkinobho ze-LoRaWAN. Ku-TTN, lezi zivame ukubhaliswa kuhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo (isb., "ukulandelela inkambo"), futhi idivayisi ilungiselelwe, uma kudingeka, nge-serial port (USB) kusetshenziswa imiyalo ye-AT. Imininingwane yamadokhumenti iyala ukulungisa izinga lokudlulisa, ukuziphatha kwe-alamu, njll. Okubalulekile: Ama-firmware amaningi e-Dragino adinga ukuthi imiyalo ye-AT inamathiselwe ngokugcwele ku-terminal, hhayi uhlamvu oluthayishiwe ngohlamvu.

Kuma-sensor afana nezinga le-Decentlab, ingcindezi, noma izinzwa zemvelo , ifilosofi iyafana: i-DevEUI, i-AppEUI, ne-AppKey zisetshenziselwa ukuzixhumanisa ne-TTN (noma enye inethiwekhi). I-Decentlab ivame ukusetha isikhawu sokudlulisa semizuzu eyi-10 ngoba kuyisivumelwano esiqinisekisiwe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwedatha kanye nesisombululo, yize lokhu kungashintshwa uma kuceliwe noma ngokucushwa. Abasebenzisi bangabuka idatha epulatifomu yamafu yomenzi noma bahlanganise idivayisi kumapulatifomu ezinkampani zangaphandle (i-MyDevices, i-ResIoT, i-WMW, njll.) ngokungeza i-payload decoder efanele.

Yakha i-node yakho ye-LoRaWAN ngehadiwe yomthombo ovulekile

Uma ujabulela ukwenza izinto ezintsha, okujabulisa kakhulu kuvame ukwakha nokuhlela i-node yakho ye-LoRaWAN . Inhlanganisela ethandwa kakhulu ukusebenzisa ibhodi elisekelwe ku-ESP32 eline-LoRa ehlanganisiwe, njenge-TTGO LoRa32 V2.0 868 MHz, bese wengeza inzwa elula, isibonelo, inzwa yokushisa ye-DS18B20.

Le ndlela idinga izingcezu ezine: ibhodi yokulawula (i-ESP32, i-Arduino, njll.), imoduli yomsakazo we-LoRa (isibonelo uhlobo lwe-RFM95 SX1276/78), inzwa ofuna ukuyilinganisa , kanye nokuzikhethela, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifana nesibonisi se-OLED ukukhombisa idatha endaweni.

I-TTGO LoRa32 V2.0 iza ne-transceiver ye-LoRa ehlanganisiwe futhi, kuye ngenguqulo, isibonisi esincane se-OLED. Ngokusekelwe ku-ESP32, inikeza i-WiFi ne-Bluetooth, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ilungele futhi ukwakha isango elincane lesiteshi esisodwa uma lixhunywe kwi-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, kuleli bhodi nakwezinye ezifanayo, ezinye izimpawu ezivela kumojuli we-LoRa (DIO1, DIO2) azixhunywanga kusengaphambili ku-microcontroller , futhi kuzodingeka uzixhume wena.

Isibonelo, i-TTGO LoRa32 V2.0 ivame ukusebenzisa i-pinout elandelayo ye-LoRa: i-SCK ku-GPIO5, i-MISO ku-GPIO19, i-MOSI ku-GPIO27, i-CS ku-GPIO18, i-RESET ku-GPIO14, kanye ne-DIO0 ku-GPIO26 . I-DIO1 kanye ne-DIO2 zivame ukuxhunywa ngokomzimba ku-GPIO33 kanye ne-GPIO32, ngokulandelana, ezitholakala ngqo komunye nomunye emgqeni ophambene, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-jumper eqondile.

Kunezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokwenza lokhu kuxhumana: izintambo ezinamathelayo ngqo eziphinini (zokuhlanganiswa kokugcina), ukusebenzisa izintambo ze-jumper uma ibhodi lisebhodini lokufaka isinkwa , noma ukuhambisa ukuxhumana ku-PCB enikezelwe lapho i-TTGO ixhunywe khona. Inketho ye-jumper ngokuvamile iyona elula kakhulu yokuhlola.

Isofthiwe ye-Node: Umtapo wolwazi we-LMIC, imvamisa kanye nezinkinobho ze-TTN

Ukuze kuhlelwe i-node ye-LoRaWAN ku-Arduino/ESP32, umtapo wolwazi we-MCCI LoRaWAN LMIC usetshenziswa kabanzi , osebenzisa isitaki se-LoRaWAN futhi uphatha konke okuhlobene neziteshi, ukujoyina, ukuzama kabusha, ukwamukela amafasitela, njll.

Okokuqala, faka umtapo wolwazi kusuka kuMphathi Wezincwadi we-Arduino IDE ngokusesha i-"LMIC" bese ukhetha i-"MCCI LoRaWAN LMIC library". Uma isifakiwe, kuba nemininingwane ebalulekile: ngokuzenzakalelayo, ilungiselelwe i-US915 (United States), ngakho-ke uma use-Europe, kufanele uyishintshe ibe yi-EU868.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola ifayela le-lmic_project_config.h ngaphakathi kwefolda yelabhulali (into efana ne-/Arduino/libraries/MCCI_LoRaWAN_LMIC_library/project_config/) bese uhlela izincazelo. Bhala amazwana ku-CFG_us915 ​​​​bese unika amandla i-CFG_eu868, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlobo lomsakazo olufanele luvuliwe (isibonelo, i-CFG_sx1276_radio yamamojula e-SX1276/78). Lolu ushintsho oluvela kanye kuphela olusebenza kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi akho e-LMIC.

Bese uvula esinye sezibonelo ezifakiwe, isibonelo i-ttn-abp , ethumela njalo umlayezo othi “Sawubona, mhlaba!” njengomthwalo okhokhelwayo. Lesi sibonelo sisebenza njengesisekelo sokusivumelanisa nebhodi lakho kanye neziqinisekiso zakho ze-TTN.

Kukhodi, uzobona isakhiwo se-lmic_pinmap esichaza amaphini e-NSS (CS), RST, kanye ne-DIO . Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile simephiwe i-Feather M0 LoRa, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-TTGO LoRa32 V2.0, kuzodingeka ushintshe lesi sakhiwo ukuze usebenzise i-.nss = 18, .rst = 14, kanye ne-.dio = {26, 33, 32} (uma ucabanga ukuthi uxhume i-DIO1 ku-GPIO33 kanye ne-DIO2 ku-GPIO32). Uma ihadiwe yakho ihlukile, kuzodingeka ubheke imibhalo yayo noma uthole isibonelo esithile.

Uma i-pinout isilungile, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa okhiye abakhomba i-node yakho ku-TTN . Esibonelweni se-ttn-abp, iziguquguquko i-NWKSKEY, i-APPSKEY, kanye ne-DEVADDR zivela negama elithi FILLMEIN ukuze ukwazi ukuzigcwalisa ngamanani akho.

Uthola le datha ku-console ye-TTN uma udala idivayisi enokusetshenzwa kwe-ABP. I-TTN ikunikeza i-Network Session Key (NWKSKEY), i-App Session Key (APPSKEY), kanye nekheli ledivayisi (DEVADDR) . Esibonakalayo, okhiye bafihliwe ngezizathu zokuphepha, kodwa ungabenza babonakale futhi, ngendlela ewusizo kakhulu, ukopishe inani ngqo njenge-C array (usebenzisa inkinobho ethi "<>") nge-byte order efanele (msb). Ukuchofoza isithonjana sokukopisha kukopisha i-array ebhodini lokunamathisela, futhi ungamane uyinamathisele kukhodi yakho lapho i-FILLMEIN ngayinye itholakala khona.

Ku-NWKSKEY kanye ne-APPSKEY, uzosebenzisa ifomethi ye-byte array enikezwe yi-TTN , kuyilapho ku-DEVADDR, uzosetha inani le-hexadecimal njengenombolo eyodwa yohlobo lwe-u4_t, isibonelo, `static const u4_t DEVADDR = 0x26011111;`. Ngalokhu, i-node yakho izokwazi ukuqinisekisa nokuhambisa amaphakethe ayo kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-TTN.

Hlanganisa izinzwa kukhodi ye-node

Uma i-skeleton ye-LoRaWAN isisebenza, sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha i-"Sawubona, mhlaba!" ngedatha yenzwa yangempela . Uqhubeka nesibonelo se-TTGO LoRa32 kanye ne-DS18B20, usebenzisa ibhasi le-OneWire kanye nomtapo wezincwadi we-DallasTemperature.

Ekuqaleni komdwebo, faka izihloko bese uchaza iphinikhodi yebhasi: `#include <OneWire.h>`, `#include <DallasTemperature.h>`, kanye `#define ONE_WIRE_BUS X` , lapho u-X kuyiphinikhodi ye-GPIO oxhume kuyo inzwa. Dala into ethi `OneWire` `oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS)` kanye nento ethi `DallasTemperature` `sensor(&oneWire). Uma ungenayo ilabhulali ye-DS18B20 efakiwe, yengeze kusuka kumphathi welabhulali.

Kumsebenzi we-setup(), uqala i-sensor nge -sensor.begin() futhi, uma ufuna, usethe i-resolution (isibonelo, i-sensor.setResolution(11)) . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-sensor ilungele ukufunda izinga lokushisa uma ulidinga.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ku-LMIC wokuthumela idatha uthi `do_send(osjob_t* j)`. Ngaphakathi, uzobona isheke lokudlulisa okuqhubekayo (`OP_TXRXPEND`). Uma kungekho, ubiza `sensor.requestTemperatures()`, uthole inani nge `sensor.getTempCByIndex(0)`, bese uligcina ku-`mydata` array. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa `mydata[0] = (uint8_t)sensor.getTempCByIndex(0);` ukuthumela kuphela ingxenye ephelele.

Bese ushayela i- LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata), 0) , lapho ipharamitha yokuqala kuyi-port ye-LoRaWAN (1 kulokhu), eyesibili iyi-buffer, eyesithathu ingusayizi, kanti eyokugcina ikhombisa ukuthi umlayezo uyavunywa (1) noma awuvunywa (0). Umtapo wolwazi ube usuhlela ukudluliselwa endaweni elandelayo etholakalayo.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthuthuka ezingaba khona: ukwandisa umthwalo ukuze ufake idatha yedesimali, ukwengeza ezinye izinzwa, ukupakisha idatha ngefomethi ye-binary esebenza kahle , njll. Kodwa ngisho nakulolu hlobo olulula, usuvele une-node ethumela izilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela ku-TTN ngezikhathi ezithile, ebonakala kukhonsoli futhi elungele ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo.

Ukusebenza kwe-OTAA, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo

Kuze kube manje sesixoxe kakhulu nge-ABP ngezibonelo zekhodi, kodwa ekukhiqizweni, kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-OTAA (Over-The-Air Activation) . I-OTAA yindlela esetshenziswa, isibonelo, izinzwa ze-Decentlab kanye nezinzwa eziningi ze-SenseCAP, ngoba ithuthukisa ukuphepha.

Nge-OTAA, iseshini ye-LoRaWAN ixoxiswana ngayo "emoyeni" isikhathi ngasinye lapho idivayisi ijoyina inethiwekhi . Uma i-node ivuliwe, iqala kabusha, noma ilahlekelwa uxhumano, okhiye beseshini abasha bayakhiqizwa ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ijoyina, okwenza kube nzima ngomuntu ukukopisha idivayisi ngokukopisha okhiye abangaguquki.

Ku-console ye-TTN, uma ukhetha i-OTAA yedivayisi, esikhundleni se-NWKSKEY engaguquki kanye ne-APPSKEY, uzoba ne -DevEUI, i-JoinEUI/AppEUI, kanye ne-AppKey . Izinkinobho zeseshini zakhiwa isikhathi ngasinye kusukela kula manani kanye nokushintshana neseva, futhi uzobona kuphela izinkinobho ezithathwe isikhathi eside seseshini.

Empeleni, abasebenzisi abaqala ekuqaleni nge-LoRaWAN bathole ukuthi ngesango elibhaliswe nge-TTN kanye nenzwa ye-OTAA elungiselelwe kahle, inqubo yokubhalisa ingaba lula kakhulu : dala i-akhawunti ku-TTN, yenza kusebenze isango, ubhalise inzwa ngezihluthulelo ezinikezwe umenzi, bese ngemizuzu embalwa ubuke idatha epulatifomu yewebhu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-Decentlab uqobo, i-SenseCAP, noma amadeshibhodi eqembu lesithathu).

Izici ezifana nendawo yebhokisi le-LoRa lenzwa (elingcono kakhulu endaweni eqondile, elithanda iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yangaphakathi) , indawo yomsakazo, kanye nokuphakama kwesango kuthonya kakhulu ukumbozwa kwangempela, kodwa ukugeleza kokusetha kuyinto ehlelekile uma sekuqondwa.

Kusukela ku-TTN kuya kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza: ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo

Njengoba ama-node manje elayisha idatha ku-TTN, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuletha lolo lwazi ezinhlelweni zakho zokusebenza, kumadeshibhodi, noma emisebenzini yokuzenzakalela . I-TTN inikeza ukuhlanganiswa okunamandla kanye ne-API yalokhu.

Indlela evame kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Node-RED ukuthola idatha evela ku-TTN bese uyicubungula njengoba kudingeka . Ulungiselela uxhumano lwe-MQTT noma lwe-HTTP ngeziqinisekiso zakho zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-TTN, unqume umthwalo okhokhelwayo (ngokuya ngefomethi yezinzwa zakho), futhi kusukela lapho ungenza noma yini: londoloza kudathabheyisi, amagrafu okubonisa, izexwayiso ze-trigger, njll.

Enye inketho ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu ezinkampani zangaphandle asevele ehlanganiswe ne-TTN , njenge-Datacake, i-MyDevices, i-ResIoT, i-WMW, namanye. Amaningi alawa mapulatifomu asevele enamathempulethi athile amadivayisi afana nezinzwa ze-Decentlab noma amanye amamodeli e-Dragino, ngakho-ke udinga nje ukukhetha uhlobo lwedivayisi, uluxhumanise nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-TTN, bese uqala ukubuka idatha kumadeshibhodi asebenziseka kalula.

Kumaphrojekthi ezemfundo, isibonelo, i-TTN isetshenziswe ngokubambisana nama -RAK7289 gateways kanye nama-Dragino TrackerD tracker ukuthola abantu noma izimoto. Ukuhamba komsebenzi kungokulandelayo: kubhalisiwe isango, ama-trackers abhalisiwe ku-TTN, idatha ibukwa kukhonsoli, bese iboniswa ngesikhathi sangempela kudeshibhodi yomphakathi ye-Datacake enamamephu namagrafu abonisa indawo, izinga lebhethri, njll.

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi i-TTN isebenza njengesendlalelo senethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN kanye ne-data router ; unquma isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuboniswa: kusukela kuskripthi se-Python esisebenzisa i-API kuya kupulatifomu yedatha ye-IoT yezimboni.

Ngamafuphi, ukuxhuma i-node ye-LoRaWAN ku-TTN kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana (imvamisa efanele, isango elilungiselelwe kahle, ukubhaliswa kwe-TTN, okhiye be-node, ukusebenza kwe-OTAA noma i-ABP, isofthiwe yedivayisi, kanye, uma kufiswa, ukuhlanganiswa okulandelayo), kodwa ingxenye ngayinye ingalawuleka ngisho nangaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini uma kulandelwa iziqondiso ezifanele. Uma ukusethwa kokuqala sekuqediwe, ukufaka ama-node noma amasango amaningi kuba inqubo ephindaphindwayo kakhulu futhi ekhuliswayo, ephelele kumaphrojekthi ezinzwa ezinkulu, izinhlelo ze-Smart City, noma nje yokufunda nokuzama nge-IoT yebanga elide.