- I-UML iwulimi lokumodela olubonakalayo lokuklama nokuhlela amasistimu.
- Kunemidwebo yesakhiwo, yokuziphatha kanye neyokusebenzelana.
- Isetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware ukuthuthukisa ukuklama nokuxhumana.
- Amathuluzi afana ne-Lucidchart ne-StarUML akwenza kube lula ukwakha imidwebo.
Kusukela yasungulwa ngawo-90 nguGrady Booch, u-Ivar Jacobson, noJames Rumbaugh, i-UML ishintshe yaba yindinganiso embonini yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe; umlando wobunjiniyela besofthiwe ubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwasungulwa kanjani ekusebenzeni kobungcweti. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kokubili ekwakhiweni kwesofthiwe kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubo yebhizinisi.
Iyini i-UML futhi isetshenziselwa ini?
I-UML ulimi lokumodela olunezithombe oluvumela ukumelwa okubonakalayo kokwakhiwa, ukwakheka, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zesofthiwe. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa kwayo ukwenza lula izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa imidwebo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlaziywa nokuklama kwazo.
Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezinikezwa yi-UML zifaka:
- Ukucaca ekwakhiweni: kulinganisa indlela amasistimu amelelwe ngayo, kugwenywe ukungaqondakali.
- Ukuxhumana okungcono: kusiza ukuqonda phakathi kwamaqembu omsebenzi ahlukene, okuhlanganisa abahleli bezinhlelo, abahlaziyi namakhasimende.
- Ukwehliswa kwephutha: Ngokuhlela ngokubuka uhlelo ngaphambi kokulusebenzisa, ukwehluleka nezinkinga zesikhathi esizayo kuyancishiswa.
- Ukuzimela kolimi lokuhlela: Ingasetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe obuhlukene ngaphandle kokuboshelwa kobuthile.
Izinhlobo zemidwebo ye-UML
I-UML inezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidwebo ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko : imidwebo yesakhiwo kanye nemidwebo yokuziphatha , ngokusho kwezindlela zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe zakudala.
Imidwebo yesakhiwo
Zimelela ukuhlelwa kanye nesakhiwo sesistimu, zibonisa izakhi ezingaguquki kanye nobudlelwano bazo.
- Umdwebo wekilasi: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-UML. Ibonisa izigaba zohlelo, izibaluli zazo, izindlela nobudlelwano.
- Umdwebo wento: kufana namakilasi, kodwa ngezimo ezithile ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.
- Umdwebo wengxenye: imele izingxenye ezahlukene zesistimu nokuncika kwazo.
- Umdwebo wokusetshenziswa: ichaza ukusatshalaliswa ngokomzimba kwesoftware kuwo wonke ama-hardware node ahlukene.
- Umdwebo wephakheji: hlela amakilasi abe ngamaqembu ukuze aphathe kangcono ukwakheka kwawo.
- Umdwebo wesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela: ikhombisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi sekilasi nokusebenzisana kwalo phakathi kwezingxenye zangaphakathi.
Imidwebo yokuziphatha
Le midwebo ikhombisa ukugeleza kwezinqubo ngaphakathi kwesistimu nokuthi izakhi zayo ezahlukahlukene zixhumana kanjani.
- Umdwebo womsebenzi: imele ukuhamba komsebenzi ngaphakathi kwesistimu, kungaba sezingeni lenhlangano noma lesofthiwe.
- Sebenzisa umdwebo wecala: ichaza indlela abasebenzisi (abalingisi) abahlanganyela ngayo nesistimu.
- Isimo somdwebo: ikhombisa ukuthi isimo sento sishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphendulwa izehlakalo.
Imidwebo yokusebenzisana
Imidwebo yokuxhumana iyingxenye yemidwebo yokuziphatha, kodwa igxila ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwezinto.
- Umdwebo wokulandelanisa: imele ukuhleleka nokushintshisana kwemiyalezo phakathi kwezinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Umdwebo wokuxhumana: igqamisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto nemiyalezo ezishintshana ngayo.
- Umdwebo wesikhathi: kufana nokulandelana, kodwa kugxile ekushintshashintsheni kwesikhashana kwezakhi.
- Umdwebo wokusebenzelana komhlaba wonke: Bahlanganisa ulwazi oluvela kweminye imidwebo ukuze banikeze umbono ophelele wokusebenzelana ohlelweni.
Ukusebenzisa i-UML ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe
I-UML iyithuluzi elibalulekile ezigabeni ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe , kusukela ekuhleleni nasekuklameni kuya ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni :
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezimfunekoImidwebo yesimo sokusetshenziswa isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza imisebenzi ebalulekile yesistimu.
- Umklamo: Ikilasi, into kanye nemidwebo yengxenye kwakhiwa ukuze kuchazwe i-architecture yesofthiwe.
- Ukuqaliswa: Imidwebo iyasiza abahleli bohlelo ukuhlela ikhodi kahle.
- Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha: I-UML ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imodeli yezimo zokuhlola futhi uhlaziye ukuziphatha okuxakile.
Amathuluzi okusebenza nge-UML
Kunamathuluzi amaningi akuvumela ukuthi udale futhi uphathe imidwebo ye-UML, okwenza kube lula ukubhala nokuxhumana kwezinhlelo.
- Lucidchart
- Inkanyezi
- I-Visual Paradigm
- Umakhi Wezinkampani
- I-IBM Rational Rose
- I-ArgoUML
- Draw.io
Ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi, ungakhetha amathuluzi alula wemidwebo eyisisekelo noma amapulatifomu athuthukile wokumodela isoftware.
I-UML ibonakale iyithuluzi eliyisihluthulelo kubunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza, isiza ukuklanywa nokubhala imibhalo yezinhlelo ngendlela ecacile nephumelelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo akusakazekile nje kuphela emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware, kodwa nasekuphathweni kwezinqubo zenhlangano. Ngezinhlobo zayo eziningi zemidwebo kanye nokusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene elikunikezayo, izimise njengezinga eliyisisekelo ekumeleleni okubonakalayo kwezinhlelo.
