Umlando Wobunjiniyela Besoftware

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Ukuhlola umlando wobunjiniyela besofthiwe kuwukuqala uhambo oluthakazelisayo oluqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhompyutha kuya emkhakheni oyinkimbinkimbi noguquguqukayo okuyiwo namuhla. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokujulile intuthuko, izinselele, kanye nabantu ababalulekile ababumbe ubunjiniyela besofthiwe, okunikeza umbono ophelele wokuthi buthuthuke kanjani eminyakeni edlule.

Umlando Wobunjiniyela Besoftware: Izinsuku Zokuqala Zekhompyutha

UCharles Babbage kanye Nemvelaphi Yamakhompiyutha

Ngekhulu le-19, u-Charles Babbage wabeka izisekelo zekhompuyutha yesimanje nge-Difference Engines and Analytical Engines, izandulela zamakhompyutha anamuhla.

Ukuzalwa Kobunjiniyela Besoftware

Onjiniyela bakudala besayensi yamakhompiyutha abanjengoGrace Hopper noMargaret Hamilton bangenise ushintsho olukhulu endleleni okwakucatshangwa ngayo isoftware, bethula izilimi zokuhlela nezindlela ezizoguqula umkhakha.

1950s: Transistors kanye Microprocessors

Izinguquko Ezimqoka Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-transistor kanye ne-microprocessor kwaphawula ukuguqulwa, i-miniaturizing kanye nokusheshisa amakhompiyutha, okwavumela ukuvela kwezilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

1960s: Ukwenza ngokusemthethweni kanye Nezinhlekelele

Uhlamvu lwemali Lwegama elithi “Software Engineering”

UMargaret Hamilton waba nesandla ekwenzeni inkambu ibe semthethweni, ethula igama elithi "software engineering."

Inkinga Yesoftware

Ukwanda kobunzima kuholele “enkingeni yesoftware,” okugqamisa isidingo sezindlela ezihlelekile kakhulu nezinqubo ezichaziwe.

1970s: Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-C ne-Unix

Izinguquko Ezibalulekile

UDennis Ritchie noKen Thompson bethule i-C kanye ne-Unix, izinsika ezimbili eziyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe yesimanje .

Ukuvuthwa Kobunjiniyela Besoftware

Naphezu kwezinselelo zokuqala, ishumi leminyaka libone ukusungulwa kwezindlela ezisemthethweni ezifana ne-Waterfall kanye nokuvela kwamathuluzi okuqala e-CASE.

1980s: Incazelo kanye Nokwanda

Intuthuko Ebalulekile

Iminyaka yawo-1980 yabona ukuhlanganiswa kobunjiniyela besoftware njengesiyalo esizimele, nokuvela kwezilimi ezifana nePascal neSmalltalk, kanye nokuqiniswa kwezindlela zobunjiniyela.

Izinselele Eziphikelelayo

Kodwa-ke, izinselelo ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi yesofthiwe kanye nesidingo sokwenza kube semthethweni okwengeziwe emisebenzini yokuhlela kusalokhu kuyindikimba eyinhloko.

1990s: I-inthanethi kanye ne-Open Source Era

Izinguquko Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukufinyeleleka kwe-inthanethi kanye nokwanda kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yentando yeningi yomthombo ovulekile , kuyilapho i-C++ izibeka njengolimi oluyinhloko.

Izindlela ze-Agile

Izindlela ze-agile zavela njengempendulo yemikhawulo yezindlela zendabuko ezengeziwe, ezigcizelela ukuguquguquka nokuvumelana nezimo.

2000s: I-Professionalization of Software Engineering

Umthelela Womthombo Ovulekile

Umthombo ovulekile uqhubekile nokuguqula isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ukhuthaza ukubambisana nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

Ukuqashelwa Kobunjiniyela Besoftware Njengomsebenzi Wobungcweti

Ubunjiniyela besofthiwe basungulwa njengomsebenzi , kugxilwe kakhulu ekuqinisekisweni kanye nemfundo ehlelekile.

2010s: Intuthuko kanye namathrendi asafufusa

Inkathi Yokuthuthukiswa Kweselula kanye Nefu

Ngokusabalala kwemishini ephathwayo kanye nokuthandwa kwe-cloud computing, onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza babhekane nezinselele ezintsha namathuba. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezisombululo ezisekelwe emafini zaba yizinto ezibalulekile, eziqhuba izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe nezindlela zokuthunyelwa.

Idatha Enkulu Nokufunda Ngomshini

Iminyaka yowezi-2010 iphinde yaphawula ukukhuphuka kwe-Big Data nokufunda komshini. Lobu buchwepheshe buguqule indlela yobunjiniyela besofthiwe, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya idatha namandla okufunda ajulile kube izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, kusukela ezincomweni eziqondene nawe kuye kumasistimu azimele.

2020s: Ngasesikhathini Esizayo Sobunjiniyela Besoftware

I-Artificial Intelligence kanye ne-Automation

Ukuthuthuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye ne-automation kubunjiniyela besoftware kuye kwaphawuleka. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amakhono okuthuthukisa isofthiwe kodwa futhi buguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa Okusimeme Nokuziphatha

Ukukhathazeka ngentuthuko esimeme kanye nezinqubo zokuziphatha sekuzuze umhlabathi kubunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kubandakanya ukugxila kubumfihlo bedatha, i-cybersecurity, kanye nesibopho senhlalo nemvelo ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngomlando Wobunjiniyela Besoftware

Yini Ubunjiniyela Besoftware?

Ubunjiniyela besofthiwe isiyalo sesayensi yekhompiyutha esibhekene nokuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, ukugcinwa, nokuhlolwa kwesofthiwe.

Ubani owaqamba igama elithi “Software Engineering”?

UMargaret Hamilton waqamba igama elithi "ubunjiniyela besofthiwe" ngawo-1960.

Yayiyini “Inkinga Yesoftware”?

"Inkinga yesofthiwe" ibhekisela esikhathini lapho amaphrojekthi esofthiwe evame ukudlula khona isabelomali kanye nezinsuku zokugcina ngenxa yobunzima bawo obukhulayo kanye nokuntuleka kwezindlela ezihlelekile.

I-inthanethi ibe nomthelela kanjani kwi-Software Engineering?

I-inthanethi iguqule ubunjiniyela besofthiwe ngokwenza intando yeningi ukufinyelela olwazini, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kanye nomthombo ovulekile.

Yiziphi izindlela ze-agile?

Izindlela ze-Agile ziyiqoqo lezindlela zobunjiniyela besoftware ezikhuthaza ukuguquguquka, ukubambisana, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo enqubweni yentuthuko.

Yini ukubaluleka kokuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha nokusimeme kubunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza?

Ukuthuthukiswa okunokuziphatha okuhle nokusimeme kubunjiniyela besofthiwe kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumfihlo bedatha, ukuphepha kwe-cybersecurity, kanye nesibopho senhlalo nemvelo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe.

Isiphetho Somlando Wobunjiniyela Besoftware

Umlando wobunjiniyela besofthiwe uyindaba yokusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo, izinselele ezinqotshiwe, kanye nokuvela kwemvelo okushintshe umhlaba. Simema abafundi ukuthi babelane ngalesi sihloko ukuze basakaze ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubunjiniyela besofthiwe bube yilokho obuyikho namuhla.