Umkhakha wezokuxhumana uyimakethe eshintshayo nencintisana kakhulu, lapho izinkampani ezimbalwa ziqhudelana ngamakhasimende. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani zazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani ezikhona kulo mkhakha. Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile ama-opharetha, izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ebonakalayo yokuthutha izwi nedatha yedatha. Abasebenzisi basebenza ngokuyinhloko njengabalamuli phakathi kwabaqhubi benethiwekhi namakhasimende abo, okungamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Igama elithi “umthwali” lisetshenziswa ngoba lezi zinkampani zithutha idatha ukusuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni B; Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi babizwa nangokuthi abahlinzeki besevisi noma abahlinzeki bezokuxhumana (ama-TSP). Ama-opharetha ngokuvamile asebenza ezweni elilodwa, kodwa amanye anikezela ngezinsizakalo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Iyini Inkampani Yenethiwekhi kwezokuxhumana?
Ingqalasizinda ebonakalayo yokuthutha izwi nethrafikhi yedatha.
Abaqhubi yizinkampani ezihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ebonakalayo yokuphatha ithrafikhi yezwi nedatha. Bangaba yizinkampani zokuxhumana noma abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi (ama-ISP), besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne -WiMAX.
Izinkampani zokuxhumana zihlinzeka ngocingo, ithelevishini kanye nezinsiza zomsakazo ngenethiwekhi yazo, kuyilapho ama-ISP edlulisela kuphela amaphakethe edatha phakathi kwamanethiwekhi.
Izinkampani zenethiwekhi zisebenza njengabalamuli
Abathwali basebenza ngokuyinhloko njengabalamuli phakathi kwabaqhubi benethiwekhi namakhasimende abo, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Babophezelekile nengqalasizinda ebonakalayo ephethe izwi nedatha yethrafikhi, kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi (QoS) nezintengo. Umkhakha wezokuxhumana wenze izinguquko ezimbalwa ezibalulekile emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, okuhlanganisa ukuchithwa kwezimakethe, ukukhululeka kwemithetho yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwenziwa kwangasese kwezinkampani zikahulumeni (ama-SOE).
Lezi zinguquko ziye zaholela ekwandeni kokuncintisana phakathi kwabaqhubi kwamanye amazwe, kodwa hhayi kwamanye; Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna u-opharetha ezweni elithile noma kwelinye, noma ngisho noma ucabanga ukuzisethela wena, kufanele wazi ukuthi u-opharetha wenzani ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.
Igama elithi "umthwali" lisetshenziswa ngoba lezi zinkampani zihambisa idatha ukusuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni B.
Igama elithi "opharetha" lisetshenziswa ngoba lezi zinkampani zithutha idatha kusukela endaweni A kuya endaweni B. Abaqhubi bangabaxhumanisi phakathi komsebenzisi wokugcina kanye nomqhubi wenethiwekhi. Banesibopho sengqalasizinda ebonakalayo ethwala ithrafikhi yezwi nedatha, njengemibhoshongo yomakhalekhukhwini noma izintambo ze-fiber optic.
Ama-opharetha angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: iselula kanye ne-fixed (inezintambo), futhi isigaba ngasinye siphinde sihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo ezinikezwa opharetha abahlukene ngaphakathi kwabo.
Ama-opharetha eselula ahlanganisa i-Sprint, i-Verizon Wireless ne-T-Mobile US; Phakathi kwemigqa emisiwe, i-AT&T Inc, i-CenturyLink Inc, i-Frontier Communications Corp, i-Windstream Corp, i-Frontier Communications Corp, i-Windstream Corp, i-Mediacom Communications Corp. Izwe ngalinye linabahlinzeki balo bezokuxhumana.
Izinkonzo zamazwe ngamazwe
Ama-operators yizinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxhumana ngocingo. Ngokuvamile zisebenza ezweni elifanayo, kodwa ezinye futhi zinikeza izinsizakalo zamazwe ngamazwe. Igama elithi “inkampani yenethiwekhi” livela embonweni wokuthi lezi zinkampani zithutha idatha ukusuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni engu-B, njengoba nje inkampani yenethiwekhi yenza kubantu noma izimpahla.
Abathwali bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ezihleliwe kanye neselula (noma iselula). I-Fixed ibhekisela ezinsizeni zocingo lwasendlini, njenge-inthanethi ye-DSL noma i-cable TV; Iselula ibhekisela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesevisi engenantambo, njengokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okungenantambo kwe-3G noma i-4G LTE ku-smartphone yakho, ithebhulethi, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, noma enye idivayisi ephathekayo.
Isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yesevisi ngamanani ancintisanayo
Abathwali yizinkampani ezihlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ebonakalayo yokuthutha izwi nethrafikhi yedatha. Basebenza njengabaxhumanisi phakathi kwama-opharetha enethiwekhi namakhasimende abo, bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nezingcingo zamabanga amade noma ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi.
Imakethe yezokuxhumana yamanje ibuswa abaqhubi, abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa isevisi yekhwalithi ngamanani ancintisanayo, kodwa futhi abasebenzisa amandla okubusa ezindaweni ezithile zendawo noma emikhakheni ethile (ngokwesibonelo, ucingo oluphathwayo). Inani elikhulayo lama-opharetha asebenza kwamanye amazwe, ahlinzeka ngamasevisi emazweni ahlukene noma izifunda.
Imisebenzi esemqoka Yenkampani Yenethiwekhi
Igama elithi "inkampani yenethiwekhi" kwezokuxhumana libhekisela enkampanini yezokuxhumana noma umhlinzeki wesevisi ohlinzeka ngoxhumo olusezingeni eliphezulu ukudlulisa idatha, izwi nolunye uhlobo lolwazi ngezingqalasizinda zokuxhumana.
Eminye yemisebenzi esemqoka yenkampani yenethiwekhi kwezokuxhumana yilezi:
Nikeza ngoxhumo lwenethiwekhi
Izinkampani zenethiwekhi zinesibopho sokusungula nokugcina amanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana avumela ukudluliswa kwedatha, izwi nezinye izinsizakalo ngemidiya ehlukene, njengezintambo ze-fiber optic, izintambo zethusi noma amanethiwekhi angenantambo.
Nikeza izinsiza zefoni
Izinkampani zenethiwekhi zinikeza izinsizakalo zocingo, ezihleliwe nezeselula, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze futhi bamukele izingcingo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuphatha inethiwekhi yocingo, ukuhambisa izingcingo, kanye nokuxhumana nabanye opharetha bezingcingo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-IP PBX ezifana ne -Asterisk.
Nikeza ngezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi
Izinkampani zenethiwekhi zinesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuxhuma ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda edingekayo, njengezintambo ze-fiber optic, amarutha kanye nempahla yenethiwekhi, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokusheshayo.
Ukudluliswa kwedatha
Abathwali benethiwekhi banesibopho sokudlulisa idatha kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi abo okuxhumana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthutha idatha phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene, njengamahhovisi, izikhungo zedatha , noma ezinye izindawo zokufinyelela i-inthanethi.
Ukuxhumana nabanye opharetha
Abathwali baphinde banesibopho sokusungula izivumelwano zokuxhuma nabanye abaqhubi bezokuxhumana. Lezi zivumelwano zivumela ukushintshaniswa kwethrafikhi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene futhi ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke.
Kafushane, imisebenzi yenkampani yenethiwekhi kwezokuxhumana ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lwenethiwekhi, ukunikeza izinsizakalo zokuxhuma ngocingo ne-inthanethi, ukudlulisa idatha nokusungula izivumelwano zokuxhuma nabanye opharetha.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izici ezithile zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-telecom opharetha kanye nemithetho yezwe abasebenza kulo.
Isiphetho: Iyini Inkampani Yenethiwekhi kwezokuxhumana?
Ama-operators ayinsika yemakethe yezokuxhumana yanamuhla. Bahlinzeka ngesevisi yekhwalithi ngamanani ancintisanayo, baqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende angakwazi ukuxhumana futhi afinyelele ulwazi noma nini lapho eludinga.
