Iyini i-WiMAX, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinzuzo ze-inthanethi engenantambo?

Informatec Digital » Internet » I-WiMAX: Konke mayelana nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi obungenawaya basemakhaya

I-WiMAX inikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kwe-broadband engenantambo isebenzisa amaza omsakazo.
Ivumela ukumbozwa kwezindawo zasemaphandleni noma okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo lapho i-fiber optics ingafinyeleli khona.
Ukufaka kuyashesha futhi kulula, kudinga uthi kuphela olunomugqa oqondile wokubonwa kophindayo.

Wake wezwa nge-WiMAX kodwa awuqiniseki ukuthi iyini noma isetshenziselwani? Uma uhlala endaweni yasemakhaya noma ufuna ezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-fiber optic noma i-ADSL, cishe uke walibona leli gama encwadini noma enjinini yokusesha. Nakuba i-inthanethi ye-fiber optic ifinyelela ezindaweni eziningi, kusenezindawo lapho ukufinyelela i-inthanethi kunzima khona. Yilapho i-WiMAX ingena khona, ubuchwepheshe, nakuba bungebusha, obuhlala busebenza futhi buwusizo kubasebenzisi abaningi.

Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, uzothola, ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe, ukuthi iyini i-WiMAX, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zayo kanye nokungalungi kwayo, kanye nalo lonke ulwazi olufanele ukuze unqume ukuthi ingase ikulungele yini. Sizobona nokuthi itholakala kuphi ngokuvamile, ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izixazululo ezifana ne-inthanethi yesathelayithi, nokuthi yibaphi abahlinzeki abanikeza le nsizakalo eSpain njengamanje.

Yini i-WiMAX?

I-WiMAX imele i- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access . Iwubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ye-broadband ngamagagasi omsakazo, kumaza asukela ku-2,5 kuya ku-5,8 GHz . Ukuze uqonde kangcono lobu buchwepheshe, ungabheka ukuthi iyini i-WiMAX kulesi sixhumanisi.

Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-fiber optics noma i-ADSL, obuthembele ezintanjeni nasezingqalasizinda ezinkulu zomzimba, i-WiMAX isebenzisa umoya njengendlela yayo yokudlulisa . Lokhu kwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukusebenzisa izintambo kunzima khona ngokobuchwepheshe, kubiza kakhulu, noma kungenzeki nhlobo.

Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukusabalala okubanzi ekunikezayo, okuvumela ukuthi ifinyelele ezindaweni zasemakhaya, amapaki ezimboni, izindawo zokuhlala ezikude, izindawo ezisemadolobheni, noma ngisho namabhizinisi amancane kanye nezindawo zezolimo . I-WiMAX ingahamba ibanga elisukela kumakhilomitha ambalwa kuya kwayishumi emgqeni oqondile, uma nje i-antenna inomugqa oqondile wokubona esiteshini sesisekelo noma i-repeater.

Ngabe ubuchwepheshe be-WiMAX busebenza kanjani?

I-WiMAX ilula kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala sengathi iyasebenza . Ake sibone ukuthi uxhumano lusatshalaliswa kanjani ngendlela engokoqobo:

Izinkampani zifaka iziteshi eziyisisekelo noma iziphindaphinda ezindaweni zamasu (imibhoshongo emide, izindawo eziphakeme, izakhiwo, njll.). Lezi ziteshi zithola uxhumano lwe-inthanethi, ngokuvamile nge-fiber noma izixhumanisi zomthamo omkhulu.
Isignali ye-Inthanethi idluliselwa kusuka kulaba abaphindayo kusetshenziswa amaza omsakazo., elihlanganisa ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angu-70-80 ezimweni ezikahle futhi ngaphandle kwezithiyo.
I-WiMAX encane eyamukela i-antenna ifakwa ezindlini noma emabhizinisini., okumele iqondiswe ngokubona okuqondile kumuntu ophindayo oseduze.
Kusuka othini, ikhebula lixhuma ngqo kumzila noma kukhompyutha, isebenza njengalapho unekhebula noma i-fiber ekhaya lakho.
Uma kunezithiyo phakathi kwesiphindaphindayo kanye nothi (izihlahla, izakhiwo, izintaba), izindawo ezimaphakathi, ezaziwa ngokuthi 'ama-bounces', zingafakwa ukuze kunqobe lezi zithiyo.

Imfuneko eyinhloko yokuthi i-WiMAX isebenze kahle ukuba "nomugqa wokubona" phakathi kwe-antenna kanye ne-repeater . Noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuguquguquka okuthile, futhi abafaki bavame ukufuna indawo engcono kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Fiber optics ye-inthanethi: Umgwaqo omkhulu ongabonakali oshintsha ukuxhumana kwakho

Izici zobuchwepheshe ze-WiMAX

I-WiMAX isekelwe emndenini wezindinganiso ze-IEEE 802.16, obulokhu ushintsha kusukela yashicilelwa ngo-2001. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziningana (ezilungisiwe, eziphathwayo, njll.), kodwa eSpain ezivame kakhulu yi-WiMAX elungisiwe (IEEE 802.16d/802.16e), ehloselwe kakhulu ukunikeza ukufinyelela emakhaya noma emabhizinisini.

Izivinini eziphezulu zetiyori: kusukela kumashumi e-Mbps kuya ku-1 Gbps kumazinga akamuva, nakuba ukuxhumana okuvame kakhulu kuphakathi kuka-10 no-100 Mbps okusetshenziselwa ukuhlala.
Ububanzi: Ingakwazi ukumboza ukusuka kumakhilomitha ambalwa ukuya ku-70-80 emgqeni oqondile, nakuba amabanga amafushane avamile kuye ngendawo ezungezile namandla e-antenna.
Amafrikhwensi okusebenza: 2,5 GHz, 3,5 GHz kanye no-5,8 GHz, okungenzeka kube ngamabhendi amahhala noma anelayisensi, kuye ngemithetho yendawo.
Isidingo sokubona okuqondile: I-antenna kufanele iqondiswe kumuntu ophindayo, ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu.
Ihambisana nezwi (VoIP) kanye nezinsizakalo zedatha, ikuvumela ukuthi udale i-Wi-Fi yasekhaya kusuka kusignali eyamukelwe..

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Izinzuzo ze-WiMAX

Ubuchwepheshe be-WiMAX bunikeza inani lezinzuzo ezibalulekile kokubili abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi atholakala ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela:

Ukusabalala okukhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nama-nuclei ahlakazekile. Ivumela i-inthanethi ukuthi ifinyelele izindawo lapho obunye ubuchwepheshe bungakwazi khona.
Ayikho imisebenzi noma izintambo zangaphandle ezidingekayo. I-antenna encane kuphela edinga ukufakwa ku-facade.
Ukufakwa okusheshayo nokululaInqubo ngokuvamile ilula futhi, ezimweni eziningi, imahhala kukhasimende lokugcina.
Ukunwebeka nokuvumelana nezimo ngesivinini. Kungenzeka ukulungisa isivinini esinenkontileka ngokwezidingo zesikhathi esizayo.
Amanani wokuncintisanaIzilinganiso ze-WiMAX ngokuvamile zishibhile kunokuthunyelwa kwefayibha ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Ikhono lokuhlinzeka ngocingo kanye nezinsizakalo zedatha, okuhlanganisa amakholi e-VoIP kanye namanethiwekhi ayimfihlo abonakalayo wamabhizinisi.
Ukuxhumana okungenantambo: Ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yekhebula elingokoqobo, okwenza kube lula ukuxhuma ezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukubambezeleka nesivinini esifanele ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwekhaya nebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa ukusakaza, ukulanda, nokusebenza ngocingo.
Isivinini esikhulu kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko ekusetshenzisweni kwama-opharetha, engahlanganisa ngokushesha izindawo ezintsha ngaphandle kokwenza imisebenzi emikhulu.
Ukungabikho kwezintambo ezibonakalayo, ezigwema "idrama yobuhle" yezintambo kuma-facade ovame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni.

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Okubi kanye nemikhawulo ye-WiMAX

Njenganoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe, i-WiMAX futhi inobuthakathaka obuthile okufanele bucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuthenga isevisi:

Udinga ukufaka i-antenna ku-facade, okungenzeka kungajabulisi kubo bonke abasebenzisi.
Ukusabalala kuncike ngokuphelele ebukhoneni besiteshi sesisekelo somsebenzisi esiseduze.Uma kungekho ophindayo endaweni yangakini, ngeke ukwazi ukufinyelela isevisi.
Ukulahlekelwa amandla esignali kuye ngebanga nezithiyo ezingaba khona.
Ungase ube nokuphazamiseka kwezimo zezulu ezimbi noma ukuba khona kwamanye amadivaysi ngefrikhwensi efanayo..
Ngokuvamile inikeza isivinini esiphansi kune-fiber optics, nakuba iphakeme kune-ADSL eminingi yasemaphandleni.
Isivinini sangempela sivamise ukuba ngaphansi kunomkhawulo wetiyori futhi singase sithinteke ngezikhathi zokuminyana okuphezulu kwenethiwekhi..
Ukubambezeleka kuphakeme ngandlela-thile kunefayibha, nakuba kwanele ukusetshenziswa okuningi, ngaphandle kwamageyimu ochwepheshe noma amakholi evidiyo adingeka kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi kanye nentengo kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabasebenzisi nezindawo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ukumbozwa kanye nemibandela ngaphambi kokuqasha.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-WiMAX nobunye ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi basemakhaya

I-WiMAX incintisana kakhulu ne-inthanethi yesathelayithi kanye nokuxhumeka kweselula kwe-4G/5G ezindaweni lapho i-fiber optic kanye ne-ADSL kungatholakali khona . Ake sibone ukuthi zihluke kanjani:

I-WiMAX iqhathaniswa ne-inthanethi yesathelayithi

I-WiMAX isebenzisa iziphindaphinda zasemhlabeni futhi idinga umugqa oqondile wokubona ngothi, kuyilapho isathelayithi ixhuma ngokuqondile isuka emkhathini iye othini lomsebenzisi.
Isathelayithi ifika noma yikuphi "ngokubuka isibhakabhaka," kodwa ngokuvamile inomkhawulo wokulanda, ukubambezeleka okuphezulu (120 ms vs. 60 ms ye-WiMAX), futhi ingagcwala ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme..
I-WiMAX ivamise ukushibhile kukho kokubili izinkokhelo nokufaka, futhi ngokuvamile ayinayo imikhawulo eqinile yokulanda amagigabhayithi..

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I-WiMAX vs. 4G/5G

Amanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini awusizo kakhulu ekuhambeni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kodwa ukutholakala kwawo ezindaweni zasemakhaya kulinganiselwe kakhulu..
I-WiMAX inikezela ngesivinini esisheshayo sokulanda nesokulayisha soxhumano olungaguquki futhi ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yedatha evame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zeselula..
Ukubambezeleka kungcono kunesathelayithi, kodwa kubi kakhulu kune-fiber noma i-4G ehamba phambili ezimeni ezifanele..
Ubuchwepheshe bubhekwa njengokuhambisanayo: i-WiMAX yokufinyelela okungaguquki, i-4G/5G yokufinyelela kweselula.

Ikuphi ukufakwa kwe-WiMAX eSpain?

Ukumbozwa kwe-WiMAX kuncike kunethiwekhi yabaphindaphindayo kanye nabaqhubi abathunyelwe esifundeni ngasinye . Nakuba kungebona ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, kunezindawo lapho iphesenti lokumbozwa liphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini efana neCatalonia, iBasque Country, iCastile kanye neLeón, iNavarre, i-Andalusia, iLa Rioja, i-Aragon, kanye ne-Asturias, evame ukudlula u-75-95% kulezi zifunda.

Ezinye izindawo nazo zine-WiMAX ehlinzekwa ngabaqhubi bezifunda, kodwa ngamaphesenti aphansi . Kungcono njalo ukubuza izinkampani ukuthi zinikeza luphi usizo kumasipala wakho, njengoba lungahluka kakhulu ngisho nangaphakathi kwesifundazwe esifanayo.

Isibonelo, e-Aragon, ingqalasizinda esetshenziswa abanye opharetha ifinyelela ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-1.100 , imboza izikhungo zabantu, amapaki ezimboni, izindawo ezihlakazekile, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zasemakhaya lapho i-inthanethi ye-fiber optic ingatholakali khona. Abanye opharetha, njenge-Ahí+, i-Netllar, kanye ne-Galicia Fibra, nabo banikeza izinsizakalo ezindaweni zabo.

Ubani ongazuza ku-WiMAX?

I-WiMAX ithakazelisa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangenayo i-fiber noma i-ADSL emakhaya abo noma emabhizinisini . Abazuzi abavamile bahlanganisa:

Abantu abahlala emadolobheni, ezindaweni ezikude noma ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho izintambo zendabuko zingafinyeleli khona.
Izinkampani ezisezindaweni zezimboni, amapulazi, amapulazi emfuyo, izindawo zokuthengisa iwayini, ama-workshops, amakamu, izindlu zasemakhaya, njll.
Amahholo amadolobha, izikhungo zokungcebeleka, izikhungo zomphakathi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangano ezihlakazekile ezidinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WiMAX ivumela ukudalwa kwamanethiwekhi azimele (ama-VLAN) kanye nokufinyelela izinsizakalo ze-IP telephony ezithuthukisiwe, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinezidingo ezithile.

Intengo Nezilinganiso Ze-WiMAX: Yini Ongayilindela?

Amanani e-WiMAX ahluka kakhulu kuye ngenkampani, indawo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezifakiwe . ESpain, amanani ezindawo zokuhlala ngokuvamile asukela ku-€13 kuya ku-€45 ngenyanga ngokuxhumeka kwesivinini okuyisisekelo (isibonelo, phakathi kuka-30 no-100 Mbps), ngokuvamile ngokulanda okungenamkhawulo nokufakwa kwamahhala ezimweni eziningi.

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Abanye abahlinzeki banikeza izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezinezinsizakalo zeselula, zefoni yasendlini, kanye nezengeziwe . Abanye bangase bakhokhise imali yokusetha uma ungafuni inkontileka, noma banciphise lezo zindleko uma uvumelana nenkontileka yezinyanga ezingu-12 noma ezingu-24.

Kumabhizinisi, kunezipesheli ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezifaka isivinini esilinganayo, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okuthuthukisiwe, ukufakwa okubalulekile, kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe.

Imibono yomsebenzisi nolwazi nge-WiMAX

Ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi nge-WiMAX ngokuvamile kuhle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kungekho okunye . Abasebenzisi abaningi bagcizelela ukuthi bafinyelela isivinini esinqunyiwe (isibonelo, 8-10 Mbps), futhi ukuzinza kuphakeme kakhulu kune-ADSL yakudala yasemakhaya.

Okunye ukubuyekezwa kubonisa ukuthi amanani angase abe phezulu kancane kune-ADSL kwezinye izindawo, kodwa umehluko uxazululwa yikhwalithi yesevisi noma ukuba noxhumano nje . Abanye abasebenzisi baqokomisa ukulula kokufakwa nokuthi bangaqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukuphequlula uma i-antenna isifakiwe.

Yibaphi opharetha abanikeza i-WiMAX eSpain?

Imakethe ye-WiMAX eSpain ihlukene kakhulu futhi incike kakhulu kubasebenzi bendawo nabesifunda . Phakathi kwezinkampani ezivelele kakhulu kukhona i-Ahí+, i-Netllar, i-Embou, i-Galicia Fibra, nezinye ezihlanganisa ndawonye ama-WISP ahlukene (Abahlinzeki Bezinsizakalo Ze-inthanethi Abangenantambo). Ngayinye inganikeza izinhlelo ezahlukene, amanani, kanye nokumbozwa kuye ngendawo.

Sincoma ukuthi uhlole amawebhusayithi alaba basebenzi bese ubheka imephu yokumboza ngekheli ukuze uthole inketho engcono kakhulu yekhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho.

Iliphi ikusasa elilindele i-WiMAX?

Nakuba eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuthuthuka kwe-4G ikakhulukazi i-5G kuzosho ukuphela kwe-WiMAX, iqiniso liwukuthi lobu buchwepheshe busenabasebenzisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabo . Ukuxhumana kweselula kusenemikhawulo eminingi maqondana nokumbozwa, izindleko, kanye nesivinini ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngakho-ke i-WiMAX ingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni eziningi futhi izohlala ikhona iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Umkhuba uwukuthi igama elithi WiMAX liqale kancane kancane lithathelwe indawo "ukufinyelela okungenantambo okuhleliwe" noma i-FWA, okuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe kanye nezinye izinto zakamuva . Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zixazululo ezingenantambo ziya ngokuya zivumela isivinini esiphezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye namanani angcono.

Ukuqonda amathuba ahlinzekwa yi-WiMAX kuvula umnyango wezinkulungwane zamakhaya namabhizinisi kuze kube kamuva nje abengakwazi ukujabulela uxhumano lwekhwalithi. Ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kodwa namuhla, i-WiMAX isafana noxhumano lapho izintambo zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona.