Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Iyini, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani emikhohliseni yakhona

Informatec Digital » Internet » Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Iyini, isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani emikhohliseni yakhona

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zesikhathi sedijithali . Nsuku zonke siphequlula iwebhu, sithenga ku-inthanethi, siphatha ama-akhawunti ethu asebhange, noma sihlole i-imeyili yethu, sithemba ukuthi idatha yethu ihlala iyimfihlo futhi ivikelwe. Kodwa-ke, izigebengu ze-inthanethi aziphumuli futhi zisebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukweba imininingwane yethu . Enye yezinsongo ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi kule ndawo ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.

Ungamangala ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuwela ogibeni lobugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo uma ungazi ukuthi ungakubona kanjani . Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi uphephile ngoba awuchofozi izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, iqiniso liwukuthi abakhohlisi bathuthukise amaqhinga abo. Kusukela kuma-imeyili anama-logo afana kakhulu nawebhange lakho, kuya emilayezweni ethusayo ekhanga imizwa yakho ukuze ikukhohlise ukuthi wembule ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwasebhange olubucayi. Yilapho kunengqondo khona ukufunda, ngendlela ecacile nesebenzayo, ukuthi ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo buyini, ukuthi busebenza kanjani, kanye nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlala isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwabantu ababi.

Kuyini ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi futhi kungani buwusongo olusakazeke kabanzi?

I-Phishing iyindlela yokukhohlisa yedijithali enhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuthola idatha eyimfihlo yabasebenzisi . Abahlaseli bavame ukuzenza izinkampani, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, amabhange, noma izinsizakalo esizethembayo. Ngama-imeyili, imiyalezo ye-SMS, izingcingo, noma izixhumanisi mbumbulu, bazama ukusikhohlisela ekuhlinzekeni ngolwazi olufana namaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, noma iziqinisekiso zokungena ngemvume zezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi.

Igama elithi phishing livela egameni lesiNgisi elithi "ukudoba," elibhekisela 'ekubambeni' izisulu ngesicupho, zilinde ukuba zithathe isicupho. Abanye bathi leli gama livela enhlanganisela ethi "ukudoba ngokuvuna amaphasiwedi," nakuba lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuyincazelo yakamuva kunemvelaphi yangempela. Kunoma ikuphi, impande icacile: phishing ihlose ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi abangaqaphile ukuze bebe ulwazi oluyimfihlo.

Lolu songo luthatha indawo evelele ezweni lobugebengu be-inthanethi ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo okukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi kubahlaseli . Ukuthumela izinkulungwane zama-imeyili noma imiyalezo enobungozi kwanele ukukhohlisa izisulu ezimbalwa ukuba zembule idatha ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingi ukuyekethisa izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho kudinga ukukhohlisa abantu , okwenza kube yingozi nakakhulu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi, inkampani, noma isikhungo.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nemvelaphi yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi

Imizamo yokuqala yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo yatholakala maphakathi nawo-90 , yize ukwamukelwa kwayo kabanzi kwafika eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Igama elithi "ubugebengu" laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1996 ezinkundleni zokugenca ukuze kuchazwe izinhlelo zokweba ama-akhawunti ezazihlose i-AOL, umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi odumile ngaleso sikhathi. Abahlaseli bazenza abasebenzi futhi bathumela imiyalezo becela ukuqinisekiswa kwenkokhelo, ngaleyo ndlela bathola ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti ezisulu.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-phishing ithuthuke kakhulu ngokwezindlela, ukufinyelela, kanye nobuchwepheshe . Namuhla, izigebengu zisebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuhlasela, kusukela kuma-imeyili aklanywe ngokucophelela kuya kwimilayezo ye-SMS, izingcingo (i-vishing), ngisho namakhodi e-QR (i-qrishing), ezihlala zisebenzisa isici somuntu njengobuthakathaka bazo obuyinhloko. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenze i-phishing yaba yindlela yokuhlasela ebanzi kakhulu yokweba idatha nemali kubasebenzisi kanye namabhizinisi.

Umthelela wamanje kanye nobubanzi bobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi bubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali kanye nomonakalo omkhulu edumeleni nasekuphepheni kwezisulu zabo . Ngokusho kombiko we-IBM othi "Cost of a Data Breach", ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi buyindlela evame kakhulu yokweba idatha emhlabeni wonke, ebangela cishe u-15% wezigameko zokuphepha . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yizinkampani zaseNyakatho Melika kungadlula u-$4,88 million ngokwesilinganiso ngokuphulwa ngakunye . Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angalahlekelwa ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti e-imeyili, alahlekelwe yizimali, noma abe yisisulu sokukhwabanisa kobunikazi.

Abahlaseli bavame ukuhlasela izisulu kusukela kubasebenzisi ngabanye kuya ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni . Isibonelo esidumile kwakuwukugetshengwa komkhankaso kaHillary Clinton wokuba ngumongameli wase-US ngo-2016, lapho i-imeyili mbumbulu yokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi yasetshenziswa khona ukweba izinkulungwane zama-imeyili ayimfihlo.

Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yayo siseqinisweni lokuthi amasu okuphepha ajwayelekile kanye nezihlungi, njengesofthiwe ye-antivirus noma izilawuli zenethiwekhi, azihlali zibona le miyalezo ekhohlisayo . Ukuphathwa kabi kwengqondo kuyindlela eyinhloko yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.

Amasu nezindlela zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

I-Phishing ihlala ijwayela imikhuba emisha yedijithali, okuholela ekushintsheni okuningi . Phakathi kwezindlela ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ama-imeyili amaningi noma imilayezo ye-SMS ezenza izinkampani ezisemthethweni (amabhange, izinkundla zokuxhumana, izitolo ze-inthanethi), ekhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bachofoze izixhumanisi futhi banikeze ulwazi lomuntu siqu kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu.
• Ukugebenga: Lokhu kuhlanganisa izingcingo ezizenza izisebenzi ezithembekile (amabhange, opharetha, njll.) ukuze bathole idatha eyimfihlo njengamaphasiwedi, amathokheni, noma amanye amakhodi okuphepha.
• Ukubhema: Okuhlukile okusebenzisa imilayezo ye-SMS noma izingxoxo zemiyalezo esheshayo ukukhohlisa izisulu. Isibonelo, imilayezo exwayisa ngomsebenzi osolisayo kuma-akhawunti asebhange nokucela ulwazi "ukuqinisekisa" ubunikazi.
• Qrishing: Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhodi e-QR ashintshiwe ukuze kuqondiswe kabusha kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu lapho idatha yomuntu siqu icelwa khona noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinonya zifakiwe.
• URL Phishing: Ukudala izixhumanisi ezibonakala zisemthethweni kodwa ziqondise kabusha kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu, ngokuvamile kufihlwe i-URL ukuze ingabonakali (amaphutha esipelingi, izinhlamvu ezifanayo, njll.).
• I-Spear Phishing: Ukuhlasela okuqondise ngokuqondile abantu abathile noma izisebenzi, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini yisisulu ukuze wenze umlayezo ube ngewakho futhi kwandiswe ukwethembeka kwawo.
• Ukwelapha: Okuhlukile okuhloselwe izikhulu eziphezulu noma abantu abakwazi ukufinyelela olwazini olukhethekile, kusetshenziswa imilayezo eqondene nawe kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi.
• I-Business Email Compromise (BEC): Ukuhlaselwa nge-imeyili yebhizinisi ukuze kukhohlise abasebenzi futhi kudluliselwe imali ngomgunyathi noma kuntshontshwe idatha ebalulekile yangaphakathi.
• Ikhemisi: Ukukhohlisa kwezinhlelo ze-DNS ukuqondisa kabusha abasebenzisi kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo.
• Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi obususelwe kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Ukunamathisela amafayela anegciwane kuma-imeyili noma imilayezo, okuthi uma ivuliwe kufake isofthiwe eyingozi.
• I-Tabnabbing: Basizakala ngokuba nezisulu ezinamathebhu esiphequluli amaningi avuliwe ukushintsha okuqukethwe kweyodwa yazo futhi balingise isidingo sokungena futhi, ngaleyo ndlela zebe imininingwane efakiwe.
• Imbobo yokunisela: Ukuthelela amawebhusayithi avame ukusetshenziswa abasebenzi benkampani noma inhlangano, ukuze bahlasele izivakashi ezivamile futhi bathwebule imininingwane.
• I-Evil Twin: Ukudala izindawo ze-Wi-Fi ezingamanga ukuze kwebiwe ulwazi kulabo abaxhumayo, ukholelwa ukuthi bakunethiwekhi esemthethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwavela izinsizakalo ze-Phishing-as-a-Service (PHAaS) , amapulatifomu avumela noma yimuphi ubugebengu be-inthanethi, ngisho noma engenalo ulwazi olubanzi lobuchwepheshe, ukuthi aqalise imikhankaso ye-phishing ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokukhokha imali.

Ungawubona Kanjani Umlayezo Wobugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Izimpawu Nezibonelo

Ukuthola i-imeyili noma i-SMS yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi , kodwa kunezinkomba eziningana ezingasixwayisa:

• Amaphutha olimi nesipelingi: Izinkampani ezinkulu azivamile ukwenza amaphutha amakhulu kwezokuxhumana, kodwa imilayezo yomgunyathi ivame ukugcwala amaphutha asobala.
• Amalogo nezithombe ezisezingeni eliphansi: Izikhathi eziningi, izithombe zenziwe nge-pixel noma azihloniphi ingxenye yomklamo wangempela.
• Izixhumanisi ezisolisayoUma uhambisa phezulu kwesixhumanisi futhi i-URL eyibonisayo ingafani nebhizinisi langempela, cishe kuwubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi.
• Izicelo eziphuthumayo noma ze-alamu: Imilayezo egcizelela ukuphuthuma kokuthi wenze ngokushesha, enezinsongo zokuvinjwa kwe-akhawunti, ukulahleka kwezimali, izinkinga zomthetho, njll.
• Izicelo zolwazi lomuntu siqu olubucayiUma ucelwa ulwazi olufana namagama ayimfihlo, izinombolo zekhadi, noma imibuzo yezokuphepha, sola ngokushesha.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izaziso zokumiswa kwe-akhawunti yasebhange mbumbulu, izimbuyiselo zentela ezishiwoyo, iziqinisekiso zokuthenga okungagcwalisiwe noma okwenziwayo, nemilayezo okuthiwa ivela kubaphathi benkampani noma abasebenzi.

Izinjongo eziyinhloko nemiphumela yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi

Inhloso eyinhloko yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo ukuze isetshenziswe ngokukhwabanisa . Lokhu kungahunyushwa ku:

• Ukwebiwa kwemali ngokudluliselwa kwebhange ngomgunyathi noma ngokuthenga okungagunyaziwe.
• Ukuzenza ongeyena ukufinyelela kwamanye amasevisi, ukwenza ubugebengu, noma ukuthengisa idatha eyebiwe emakethe emnyama.
• Ukuphanga ngezinsongo noma ngokungemthetho uma kutholwa idatha ebucayi.
• Ukulimala kwesithunzi somuntu siqu nesebhizinisi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzethemba kanye nezinkinga zomthetho noma zentela.

Ezweni lezamabhizinisi, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi bungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezimali kanye nokulahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile lwamasu. Esimeni esibi kakhulu, kungabeka engcupheni ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.

Ukwehlukahlukana kwamasu okuhlasela kanye nokwanda kobuchule

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlala zithuthukisa izindlela zazo zokugwema izinhlelo zokuphepha futhi zikhohlise ngisho nabasebenzisi abaqaphile kakhulu . Phakathi kwamasu athuthuke kakhulu yile:

• Izixhumanisi ezibonakala zisemthethweni kodwa ezinezindawo eziwumgunyathi, evame ukushunyekwa ezithombeni noma emibhalweni ebonakala ingenabungozi.
• Okunamathiselwe okunonya okuthi, uma ivuliwe, ifake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kudivayisi yesisulu.
• Amafomu wokuthwebula idatha kumawebhusayithi alingisa ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwamakhasi asemthethweni.
• Amasu athuthukile okugwema izihlungi zogaxekile kanye ne-antivirus, njengokushumeka umlayezo ononya ezithombeni, ukuvikela izinamathiselo ezinamaphasiwedi, noma ukuthola izikena emishinini ebonakalayo ukuze kufihlwe okuqukethwe kwangempela kokuhlasela.

Ukuvela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kushesha kakhulu kangangokuthi, ngezinye izikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa umlayezo osemthethweni kowomgunyathi ngokushesha.

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi beselula namanethiwekhi omphakathi: imizila emisha yokuhlasela

Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwama-smartphone kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana kuvule izindlela ezintsha zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi . Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa imiyalezo yombhalo (i-SMS), amapulatifomu okuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezinonya, kanye nemiyalezo yezokuxhumana ekhohlisayo ukuze zintshontshe ulwazi noma zithelele amadivayisi.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa imilayezo ebonakala sengathi ivela emabhange ekucela ukuthi uqinisekise inkokhelo esolisayo, izexwayiso mayelana nemiklomelo esolwayo noma izinkinga nge-akhawunti yakho, noma izixhumanisi zomkhonyovu ekuthengeni nasekudayiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukubuyekezwa kwezindawo zokudlela, noma izingxoxo zemidlalo ye-inthanethi.

Isivinini kanye nemvelo engakahleleki yalezi ziteshi yenza izisulu eziningi zehlise ukuqapha kwazo lapho zibhekene nomlayezo obonakala sengathi "uvamile", okwandisa impumelelo yokuhlaselwa.

Ungazivikela kanjani ebugebengwini bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: izinyathelo ezibalulekile namathiphu

Ngaphezu kokuhlakanipha nokuqapha, kunemikhuba namathuluzi amaningana azokusiza ekuvikeleni ekugebengwini bobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi . Ukuze uzivikele ngempumelelo, kufanele:

• Njalo hlola umsuka wemilayezo, ukugwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi noma ukulanda amafayela kubathumeli abangaziwa noma abasolisayo.
• Qaphela noma yimuphi umlayezo ophikelela ekuphuthumeni noma onamaphutha asobala.: i-orthographic, ebonakalayo noma esakhiweni sesixhumanisi.
• Ungalokothi unikeze ulwazi oluyimfihlo nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS.Izinkampani ezisemthethweni azilokothi zicele lolu lwazi ngalezi zindlela.
• Sebenzisa iziphequluli ezibuyekeziwe kanye ne-antivirus futhi wenze kusebenze zonke izendlalelo zokuvikela ezinconyiwe. Ezinye iziphequluli, njenge-Edge ku-Windows noma i-Safari ku-Apple, zifaka phakathi izihlungi ezithile zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, nakuba zingenaphutha.
• Vikela amaphasiwedi akho usebenzisa abaphathi bephasiwedi futhi njalo unika amandla ukuqinisekiswa okuzinyathelo ezimbili uma kukhona.
• hlola i-url emakhasini owafinyelelayo, ehlola ngokucophelela ikheli ngaphambi kokufaka noma iyiphi idatha.

Uma ungabaza, xhumana nenkampani noma inhlangano ngqo ngeziteshi zayo ezisemthethweni , ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulwazi lokuxhumana olunikezwe kumyalezo osolisayo ngokwawo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uwelwe ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ube yisisulu sobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi futhi unikeze ulwazi oluyimfihlo, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha :

• Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho ngokushesha yesevisi ethintekile futhi wenze kusebenze ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili uma kungenzeka.
• Xhumana nebhange lakho noma isikhungo sezezimali ukubika isigameko, amakhadi e-block, futhi ubike izindleko ezingagunyaziwe. Khumbula ukuthi imithethonqubo idinga ukuthi amabhange aphendule ngalolu hlobo lokukhwabanisa uma kubikwe ngokushesha.
• Yenza ukuskena okuphelele kwedivayisi yakho nge-antivirus ebuyekeziwe ukuthola nokuqeda izifo ezingase zibe khona.
• Yazisa oxhumana nabo Uma unikeze ukufinyelela kuma-imeyili noma ama-akhawunti enkundla yezokuxhumana, ukuvimbela abanye ukuthi bawele ogibeni lwama-imeyili athunyelwe esuka kumaphrofayela akho.

Uma umonakalo umkhulu futhi ungakwazi ukuthola imbuyiselo, funa iseluleko sezomthetho ukuze uvikele amalungelo akho.

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nomthetho: isimo sezomthetho eSpain nasemhlabeni jikelele

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo buqashelwa njengobugebengu emazweni amaningi , yize ukushushiswa kanye nezijeziso kuhluka ngokwendawo. ESpain, umthetho ubeka icala ukuzenza umuntu ongeyena amawebhusayithi ukuze kuthathwe idatha yomuntu siqu, kanye nezigwebo zasejele kanye nezinhlawulo ezinkulu. Amanye amazwe amaningi (i-United States, i-Colombia, i-Argentina, njll.) amukele noma aphakamise umthetho othize wokujezisa ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo, kanti amanye asebenzisa amacala obugebengu avamile njengokukhwabanisa ukushushisa la macala.

Kukhona futhi izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namaqembu asebenzayo azinikele ekulweni nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, njengeQembu Lokusebenza Lokulwa Nobugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, elisebenzisana nezinkampani zomthetho nezobuchwepheshe ukuvala amawebhusayithi omgunyathi futhi lixwayise ngezinsongo ezintsha.

Ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa nokuqwashisa

Isikhali esingcono kakhulu sokulwa nokuphanga ulwazi nokuvimbela . Izinhlangano eziningi ziqeqesha abasebenzi bazo ukuthi baqaphele imizamo yokukhohlisa futhi balingise imikhankaso yangaphakathi yokuphanga ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqapha kanye nokusabela kwamaqembu abo. Lezi zinyathelo ziye zabonakala zisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba ukuhlasela okuningi kokuphanga kuphumelela kuphela lapho abasebenzisi beyeka ukuqapha noma bengaqapheli izingozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe buyathuthuka futhi bufaka izixazululo ezihlakaniphile zokuthola izinsongo (izihlungi zokulwa nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukuhlaziywa kwezixhumanisi, ukuqinisekiswa komthumeli, njll.), kodwa akukho sithiyo esisebenza kahle ngo-100% ngokumelene nobuhlakani bezigebengu. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina isimo sengqondo sokugxeka nokuhlala usesikhathini ngezitayela ezintsha kubalulekile ekuvikeleni.

Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi buyisongo sedijithali esingahlukanisi phakathi kwabantu namabhizinisi, sithinta wonke amadivayisi ngokulinganayo. Bukhula kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe futhi busebenzisa noma yikuphi ukunganaki noma ukuntuleka kolwazi ukuze kwebiwe idatha yethu, imali, noma ukuthula kwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, ngolwazi olusha, imikhuba emihle, kanye nokuqonda okuvamile, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi futhi uhlale uphambi kwezigebengu ze-inthanethi . Hlala unolwazi, ubuyekeze ngokucophelela imiyalezo oyitholayo, futhi ukhumbule: uma ungabaza, ungalokothi wabelane ngolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela ubumfihlo bakho sisezandleni zakho.