- Insimbi eluhlaza: ikhiqizwa ngaphandle kwamafutha angaphansi komhlaba futhi ine-carbon footprint ecishe ibe yi-zero kusetshenziswa amandla avuselelekayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza kanye ne-electrolysis: buyisela amalahle futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi, okukhipha amanzi ikakhulukazi.
- Igcina izakhiwo zensimbi yendabuko zisebenza kahle futhi ingaphinde isetshenziswe kakhulu, ikhuthaza umnotho ojikelezayo.
- Izinselele: izindleko ze-hydrogen eluhlaza, ingqalasizinda kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi zokusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elikhulu.
Ezweni eliya ngokuya liqhubekela phambili ekuzinzeni, igama elithi "insimbi eluhlaza" seliye laba ngenye yezinto ezintsha ezinkulu embonini yensimbi neyensimbi . Leli gama alimeleli nje kuphela ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi liyimpendulo ephuthumayo esidingweni sokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo odalwa enye yezimboni ezingcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Insimbi evamile, naphezu kokuba yinto ebalulekile engqalasizinda kanye nezimpahla zabathengi, inesibopho sokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba cishe angu-7% . Ngakho-ke, ukushintshela ensimbini eluhlaza akuhlose nje ukunciphisa lezi zibalo kodwa futhi nokwakha ikusasa elinobungani nemvelo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezinto.
Iyini insimbi eluhlaza?
Igama elithi "insimbi eluhlaza" libhekisela ensimbini ekhiqizwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uphethiloli , okufinyelela cishe umkhawulo wekhabhoni ongekho kuyo yonke impilo yayo. Kusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kabusha noma ekusetshenzisweni kabusha , insimbi eluhlaza isebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obususa noma bunciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioxide (CO₂).
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zale nto ukuthi igcina izakhiwo ezifanayo zemishini njengensimbi yendabuko , njengokuqina, ukuqina, kanye nokuguquguquka, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi eluhlaza
Insimbi yendabuko ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziswa i-coke, into engcolisa kakhulu esetshenziswa ezithandweni zokuqhuma ukuze kufinyelelwe amazinga okushisa aphezulu adingekayo. Ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi eluhlaza, le nqubo ithathelwa indawo izindlela ezintsha njengokusebenzisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza.
Kulesi simo, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-HYBRIT (Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology) buthatha indawo yamalahle nge -hydrogen etholakala nge-electrolysis eqhutshwa amandla avuselelekayo. Ngokufaka izinhlayiya zensimbi ezihlanziwe ku-hydrogen, umphumela uba yinsimbi ekhishwa amanzi kuphela . Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla adingekayo kule nqubo avela emithonjeni eqhubekayo njengamandla elanga noma omoya.
Enye inzuzo yensimbi eluhlaza ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kabusha kakhulu . Ingaphinde isetshenziswe izikhathi ezingenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimfanelo zayo ezibalulekile, kusetshenziswa ingxenye encane yamandla adingekayo ukukhiqiza insimbi entsha, okuthuthukisa kakhulu umthelela wayo emvelweni.
Izinzuzo zensimbi eluhlaza
Insimbi eluhlaza ayimeleli nje kuphela isixazululo sobuchwepheshe obusha, kodwa futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo.
- Ukunciphisa i-Emission: Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kucishe kuqede ngokuphelele ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂, kube negalelo elikhulu ku-Sustainable Development Goals.
- Ukusimama komnotho: Nakuba izindleko zayo zokuqala ziphezulu, ukuncishiswa kwentela kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwenza kube nokuncintisana kakhulu esikhathini eside.
- Ukuhambisana kwemvelo: Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi kusekela inguquko eya emnothweni oyindilinga.
- Ukwamukelwa okukhulu: Izinkampani ezisebenzisa insimbi eluhlaza zithola ukuqashelwa emakethe eyazisa kakhulu ukusimama.
Izinselelo ezibhekiswe ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba jikelele
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, insimbi eluhlaza ibhekene nezinselelo eziningana ezinciphisa ukwamukelwa kwayo kabanzi. Phakathi kwalezi zinselelo kukhona izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza , okuyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwayo. Le hydrogen idinga inani elikhulu likagesi elivela emithonjeni yamandla ahlanzekile, okunyusa izindleko zokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda eyanele yokusatshalaliswa nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ukubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokubhekana nalezi zinselele.
Ikusasa elithembisayo
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise izindleko ezihlobene nensimbi eluhlaza. Amandla avuselelekayo nawo kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke eshibhile, okwenza insimbi eluhlaza iqhudelane kakhulu nensimbi yendabuko.
Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesidingo sokunciphisa umthelela wako nakho kuqhuba ohulumeni namabhizinisi ukuthi batshale izimali ezimbonini ezihlanzekile nezisimeme. Kulo mongo, insimbi eluhlaza ivela njengesixazululo esibalulekile ekwakheni ingqalasizinda kanye nemikhiqizo ngendlela ebhekele imvelo.
Insimbi eluhlaza ingaphezu nje kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe; iyisibopho esiqinile ekusimeni nasekugcineni iplanethi. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo okungenawo ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kwenza kube yinto ebalulekile emphakathini ofuna ukukhula okunesibopho semvelo. Nakuba kusenezinselelo, intuthuko kule ndawo isivele ivula indlela yemboni yensimbi ehlanzekile nesebenza kahle.
