Izibonelo zamandla empilweni yansuku zonke: ukusetshenziswa, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imishini namathuluzi

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Amandla ayinsika eyisisekelo yefiziksi, ukubonakaliswa okukhona yonke indawo okubumba futhi kuqondise iqiniso lempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Kusukela ngesikhathi sivula amehlo ethu futhi siphuma embhedeni, kuze kube yilapho sicisha ukukhanya futhi siphumule, ukusebenzisana kwethu nomhlaba kuchazwa ngamandla azo zonke izinhlobo: abonakalayo nangabonakali, amakhulu nakancane, alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba iningi la mandla lingaqashelwa, ithonya lawo libalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke.

Lokhu kuhlola okuphelele kuhlola imininingwane emincane kakhulu yokuthi amandla asebenza kanjani empilweni yansuku zonke, kufaka phakathi izibonelo ezisebenzayo kanye nezincazelo ezicacile ezihlanganisa ulwazi lwakudala kanye nezindlela zamanje nezemfundo. Akugcini nje ngokumboza amandla asobala kakhulu, kodwa futhi nalawo asebenza ngemishini elula neyinkimbinkimbi , izitsha zasekhaya, izindlela zokuhamba, ngisho nezenzo ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi okuqukethwe kwezemfundo okuphefumulelayo okusekelwe ezinsizeni zokufunda ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisiza abafundi baqonde ukuthi i-physics iba kanjani ithuluzi, umdlalo, kanye nenselele yansuku zonke.

Yini amandla?

Ku-physics, amandla acatshangelwa njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemizimba noma izinhlayiya ezikwazi ukuguqula isimo sokunyakaza kwento noma ukubangela ukuguquka kwayo. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungabonakala njengokuqala, ukumisa, ukusheshisa, ukwehlisa ijubane, noma ukushintsha indlela yento. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla abonakala njengamabhangqa okusabela kwesenzo, ngokusho komthetho wesithathu odumile kaNewton : kuyo yonke isenzo, kukhona ukusabela okulinganayo nokuphambene.

Iyunithi yokulinganisa amandla ku-International System of Units (SI) yi- Newton (N) . Ngokwencazelo, i-Newton eyodwa ingamandla adingekayo ukusheshisa isisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa ngesivinini semitha eyodwa ngomzuzwana oyisikwele.

1 N = 1 kg · m/s ²

Kodwa-ke, amandla awabonakali kuphela ezimweni ezishintshashintshayo. Ngokuvamile umphumela wawo ukugcina izinto zilingana , ukusekela izakhiwo, noma ngisho nokushintsha ukuma kwezinto (ukuguquka).

Izinhlobo zamandla kanye nendima yazo empilweni yangempela

Endaweni yethu yonke, ukusebenzisana kwezinto kulawulwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla , ngayinye inensimu yayo yesenzo kanye nemiphumela ethile. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamandla akhona ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zichazwe ngezansi:

• Amandla adonsela phansi: La amandla adonsela phansi Kungamandla okukhanga phakathi koquqaba. Emhlabeni, unesibopho sokusigcina sinamathele phansi kanye nazo zonke izinto eziwela kuwo lapho zikhululwa. Inesibopho semizimba ewayo, ukunyakaza kwamaplanethi, nokuzinza ngokomzimba kwendawo yethu ezungezile.
• friction force (noma ukungqubuzana): I-Friction iphikisana nokushelela okuhlobene kwezindawo ezimbili ezixhumene. Ngaphandle kwakho, ukuhamba bekungeke kwenzeke ngoba bekungeke kube khona ukubamba okwanele, kodwa kuphinde kubangele ukuguga kwezindlela futhi kwenza ukunyakaza okuthile kube nzima.
• amandla kazibuthe: Isebenza phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe futhi inesibopho sikagesi kanye ne-magnetism. kanye nezinto eziningi ezibonakalayo (njengokuqina). Kuyisizathu ozibuthe bahehe noma baxoshe nokuthi kungani izinto zikagesi zansuku zonke zisebenza.
• Amandla enuzi (eqinile futhi engenamandla): Agcina ama-proton nama-neutron eboshelwe ndawonye ku-nucleus ye-athomu. Ziyisisekelo esakhiweni sezinto, nakuba zingabonakali kangako ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, umthelela wazo ungaphezu kwemvelo yokuba khona kwama-athomu.
• Amandla e-elastic: Zenzeka ezintweni ezikwazi ukubuyisela isimo sazo sokuqala ngemva kokukhubazeka (njengesiphethu noma ibhande elinwebekayo).
• Amandla okucindezela: Akhiwa lapho intambo, intambo, noma intambo yeluliwe. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wobuqotho bamabhuloho amisiwe, izintambo zokugqoka, kanye nemishini eminingi yansuku zonke.
• I-Buoyancy kanye ne-thrust forces: Zisebenza emizimbeni ngoketshezi, njengokunyakaza okutholwa isikebhe emanzini noma ukunyakaza okuvumela amabhaluni ukuba antante emoyeni. I-buoyancy ibalulekile ekhonweni lethu lokubhukuda noma ukugcina izinto zingacwili. viscosity ekuphileni kwansuku zonke Kuphinde kube nomthelela ekungangeni koketshezi.
• Amandla acindezelayo futhi aqinile: Ukucindezelwa kuphushela into ngaphakathi (njengokukhama isipontshi) futhi ukudonsa kuyidonsela ngaphakathi (njengokudonsa intambo yokugxuma).
• Amandla avamile: Kungamandla asetshenziswa indawo engaphezulu entweni exhumene nayo, incike ekusekelweni (njengamandla akubambayo lapho uhlezi esihlalweni).
• I-torque noma umzuzu wamandla: Kuhlobene nokujikeleza, isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-screwdriver noma uvula umnyango. Kuya ngamandla kanye nebanga ukusuka endaweni ye-pivot.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemishini elula namandla ezitsheni zansuku zonke

Isici esingaxoxwa kangako kodwa esibalulekile sokuqonda amandla empilweni yansuku zonke imishini elula namathuluzi asekhaya . Izinto eziningi esizisebenzisa njalo (kusukela esipuni kuya ebhayisikilini noma kusikulufi) zisebenza njengemishini elula ephindaphinda noma eqondisa amandla. Lezi zindlela zisivumela ukuthi senze imisebenzi ngomzamo omncane kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhulu, sisebenzisa izimiso zomzimba njengesibambo, indiza ethambekele, noma i-pulley.

Imiphumela yamandla: ukunyakaza, ukuphumula kanye nokuguqulwa

Ukusebenzisa amandla entweni kungaveza imiphumela emithathu eyinhloko:

• Shintsha isimo sokunyakaza yento: isheshise, yehlise ijubane, noma yenze ishintshe lapho ibheke khona.
• Khiqiza ukuphumula: ukubangela ukuthi into ehambayo ime.
• Khubaza into: shintsha okwesikhashana noma unomphela umumo wayo.

Ubukhulu bomphumela buxhomeke kokubili emandleni asetshenziswayo kanye nasezicini zomzimba zento esetshenziswayo (ubukhulu, ukuqina, ukuthungwa, njll.) kanye nokungabi namandla kwento.

Izibonelo ezingu-20 ezinemininingwane zamandla ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

1. Ukuphakamisa izinto
   Uma uphakamisa isikhwama sokuthenga, ibhokisi, noma ubhaka, usebenzisa amandla emisipha anqoba amandla adonsela phansi. Ekuqaleni, kufanele unqobe amandla adonsela phansi. inertia, njengoba wonke umzimba uvame ukumelana nezinguquko esimweni sawo sokunyakaza.
2. Hamba ugijime
   
   Uhambisa umzimba wakho phambili ngokusebenzisa amandla ngezinyawo zakho phansi. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezicathulo zakho nomhlabathi kuvimbela ukushelela. Ukugijima kuhlanganisa amandla amakhulu, okusho ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko ezinkulu kanye nesivinini.
3. Ukuvula nokuvala iminyango
   Uma uphusha noma udonsa isicabha, usebenza ku-lever ejikelezayo (amahinge ayi-fulcrum). Ukusebenzisa amandla kude namahinge kudinga umzamo omncane, ngenxa yomgomo we-lever.
4. Ebhala ngepensela
   Amandla asetshenziswayo anquma ikhwalithi ye-stroke kanye nokubhala kalula. Ukulawula okuhle kuvimbela ukuphula ithiphu noma ukulimaza iphepha.
5. Khama isipontshi
   Kusetshenziswa amandla acindezelayo, abangela ukuba amanzi abaleke, anqobe ukungezwani kwendawo. Lapho ukucindezela sekukhululiwe, ukunwebeka kuzobuyela esimweni sawo.
6. Ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla
   Imisipha yomhlathi ikhiqiza amandla amakhulu; ngemva kokugaya ukudla, imisipha yolimi nomphimbo isebenzisa amandla ahlangene ukuze igwinye.
7. Ukusebenzisa i-stapler
   I-lever isetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda amandla asetshenzisiwe futhi ibhoboze iphepha ngokuyisisekelo.
8. Phakamisa inkomishi
   Amandla esiwasebenzisayo ancike esisindweni nasekusatshalalisweni kwawo. Isibambo se-ergonomic sisiza ukulinganisela amandla adingekayo ukuze ubambe futhi uphakamise.
9. Isaladi
   
   Ukugxuma kuhlanganisa amandla emisipha, amandla anqwabelene anqwabelene kanye nokusabela komhlabathi.
10. Ukusunduza inqola yokuthenga
    Kudinga ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze kunqobe inertia nokugedla kwamasondo, angasebenzi kahle ezitezi ezibushelelezi noma ezinqoleni ezinakekelwa kahle.
11. Phonsa ibhola
    Ingalo isebenza njenge-lever. I-trajectory inqunywa amandla asetshenzisiwe, i-engeli, nokumelana komoya.
12. Ukudonsana ngempi (Tug-of-war)
    Kuhilela ukuncintisana okuqondile phakathi kwamabutho aphikisayo. Iqembu elikhiqiza amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke liyawina.
13. Shanyela phansi
    Kuyisibonelo samandla angqubuzanayo asetshenziswa ezinhlayiyeni, ashintshwe i-engeli nokucindezela okusetshenziswe esibambisweni.
14. Khama ithubhu lokuxubha amazinyo
    Amandla okucindezela asetshenziswa, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha okuqukethwe kuncike ekucindezelweni kwangaphakathi kanye ne-viscosity yokunamathisela. Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu kweshubhu, likhame ukusuka ekugcineni ukuya emlonyeni.
15. Hlala esihlalweni
    Isisindo somzimba senza amandla esihlalweni (amandla adonsela phansi), aphendula ngamandla avamile ngokuphambene. Ukungqubuzana kusiza ukugcina ukuzinza.
16. Ukukhuphuka izitebhisi
    
    Kuhilela ukunqoba amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuguqula umzamo wemisipha ube amandla anamandla adonsela phansi.
17. UNadar
    Ukunyakaza kuhambisa umzimba ngokududulela amanzi emuva; ubuoyancy kanye ukumelana kunquma ukusebenza kahle.
18. Dlala insimbi yomculo
    Iminwe, izingalo, noma umoya usebenzisa amandla athile adala ukudlidliza (umsindo) osuka kuzintambo, ulwelwesi, amashubhu, njll.
19. Sebenzisa i-screwdriver
    Uguqula amandla abe yi-a itorque okukuvumela ukuthi uphendule futhi ufake noma ususe izikulufu.
20. Vula imbiza
    
    Idinga i-torque ukunqoba ukungqubuzana kwentambo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingcindezi yangaphakathi ngenxa yokuvaleka.

Izibonelo ezengeziwe: izitsha, imishini elula, nokunyakaza kwansuku zonke

• Ukulayisha inqwaba kwibhala: Ukusetshenziswa kwebhala (umshini olula wohlobo lwe-lever onesondo ne-asili) kunciphisa amandla adingekayo ukuze kuthuthwe isisindo.
• Izimoto zokushayela: Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi amandla ezimoto nawokushayisana asebenzisana kanjani ukuze uhambise futhi ubhuleke izimoto, amabhayisikili noma izithuthuthu.
• Ukusebenzisa ummese (wedge):Uma usika ukudla ngommese, amandla asetshenziswa esibambo agxila onqenqemeni, ahlukanise izinto.
• Amapulangwe kanye nezintambo zokugqoka: Ukulenga izingubo noma ukuphakamisa imithwalo nge-pulley kubonisa ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenza lula kwamandla asetshenzisiwe.
• Indiza egobile (amarampu noma amakhadibhodi): Ikuvumela ukuthi uphakamise izinto ezisindayo ngomzamo omncane, usabalalise amandla ebangeni elikhulu.
• Ingakwazi ukuvula (lathe): Isibonelo esicacile sokuthi ukuguqula i-shaft (sibonga amandla ku-crank) kwenza kube lula ukuvula amathini, kuphindaphinda umphumela wamandla asetshenzisiwe.
• Ukusebenzisa isikeloIzikele ziyi-double lever. Ngokucindezela izibambo, amandla adluliselwa futhi aphindaphindwe kuma-blades, ukusika impahla.
• Ukuphusha noma ukudonsa imithwaloUkuhambisa ifenisha noma ukudonsa ibhokisi kuhilela kokubili amandla emisipha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasu (njengokusebenzisa ama-roller) ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokwenza ukunyakaza kube lula.
• umkhuba wezemidlaloIsiyalo ngasinye siwukubonakaliswa kwamandla: ebholeni likanobhutshuzwayo, ukushaywa kwebhola; ekugibeleni ibhayisikili, ukusetshenziswa kwamagiya namasondo; kwezokusubatha, ukuguqulwa kwamandla abe yijubane noma ukweqa.

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Imishini elula: amandla aguqulwa kanjani abe umsebenzi owusizo

Ukufunda nokuphila kwansuku zonke kucebiswa ngokuqaphela ukuthi izinsimbi eziningi zasekhaya nezinto zobuciko, ngokwazo, ziyimishini elula : izibonelo zamandla empilweni yansuku zonke njenge-lever, i-inclined plane noma i-pulley.

• I-Lever: Amathuluzi anjengama-spatula, izivula zeminyango, noma amaseha enkundla yokudlala aphindaphinda noma aqondise kabusha amandla ukuze enze umsebenzi ube lula.
• Indiza etshekile: Amarampu okuphakamisa ifenisha noma ama-trolleys akuvumela ukuthi usabalalise umsebenzi kude kakhulu, unciphisa umzamo osheshayo.
• UmcengeziImimese, izimbazo, namashizolo kugxilisa amandla onqenqemeni lokusika noma ukuhlukanisa izinto.
• Isondo ne-ekseliAmasondo amasondo, amabhayisikili, izibambo zezicabha, nezivulayo zonke ziyazuza ekubambisaneni okuncishisiwe ukuze kube lula ukunyakaza.
• IsikulufuKusukela kumabhodwe ayisikulufu kuya kumathuluzi okuhlanganisa ifenisha, anweba amandla emigqa abe amandla ajikelezayo.
• I-pulley: Isetshenziswe emigqeni yezingubo, izinhlelo zokuphakamisa emagaraji, noma ukuphakamisa imithwalo ezindaweni zokwakha, zivumela ukuthi isiqondiso sishintshwe futhi amandla asetshenzisiwe asatshalaliswe.

Imisebenzi yezemfundo nemidlalo emayelana namandla

Indlela esebenzayo yokufunda mayelana namandla iwukusebenza ngezandla kanye nemidlalo yokubuka. Ngokwesibonelo:

• UHezekeli Uyabuza umdlalo: Kuqukethe ukuqagela imishini elula esekelwe kuzinkomba, ekhuthaza ukuhlonzwa kwezindlela ezisebenza ngokubonga amandla (ama-levers, ama-pulleys, izikulufu, ama-wedge, njll.).
• Hlukanisa phakathi kwemishini namathuluzi: Bheka izithombe noma indawo yasekhaya ukuze uthole ukuthi akuwona kuphela imishini enenjini. Izikele, amarempu, izintambo zezingubo, izibambo zezicabha, nezivula zamakani nakho kuyimishini, njengoba ziguqula noma zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwabantu ngezimiso eziyisisekelo zomzimba.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphuzu okusetshenziswa kwamandla: Thola ethuluzini ngalinye noma emshinini lapho amandla asetshenziswa khona, ukuthi asakazwa kanjani nokuthi iveza muphi umphumela (ukuvula, ukusika, ukuphakamisa, ukuqinisa, njll.).
• ukuhlola ngezinto zokwakha: Qhathanisa ukuthi inani lamandla adingekayo lihluka kanjani lapho usika isinkwa ngokumelene nokhuni, noma lapho uphusha inqola engenalutho ngokumelene nelayishiwe.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezibonelo zamandla empilweni yansuku zonke

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesisindo nesisindo?

Isisindo yinani lezinto entweni, elingaguquguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi. Isisindo ngamandla adonsela phansi asebenza ngawo kuleyo sisindo, futhi ayahlukahluka kuye ngensimu yamandla adonsela phansi.

Kuyini ukungqubuzana futhi kuthinta kanjani ukunyakaza?

Ukungqubuzana kungamandla aphikisana nokunyakaza okuhlobene kwezindawo ezimbili. Kubalulekile ekuhambeni ngaphandle kokushelela kanye nasekusebenzeni kwamathuluzi nezindlela, yize futhi kubangela ukuguguleka.

Amandla emisipha asivumela kanjani ukuba senze imisebenzi yomzimba?

Uma imisipha yethu ifinyela, ikhiqiza amandla adluliselwa emathanjeni nasemalungeni, okusivumela ukuthi siphakamise, sisunduze, sigxume, sigijime, futhi senze eminye imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye ne-biomechanics kunquma inani lamandla atholakalayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo.

Amandla asebenzisana kanjani lapho sibhukuda?

Ukubhukuda kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla ashukumisayo ukuze uye phambili futhi unqobe ukumelana kwamanzi (ukungqubuzana nokudonsa). Umzimba uyantanta ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamanzi, okwenza ukunyakaza kube lula uma kugcinwa indawo ye-hydrodynamic.

Iyini i-torque futhi ihlobana kanjani namandla?

I-torque , noma umzuzu wamandla, ilinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekukhiqizeni ukujikeleza nge-axis. Ibalwa njengomkhiqizo wamandla kanye nebanga eliya ku-axis.

Amandla okuqonda angasisiza kanjani ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke?

Amandla okuqonda akuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ukukhandleka komzimba, usebenzise kahle amathuluzi nemishini, uvimbele ukulimala, futhi ukhuthaze izixazululo eziphumelelayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kusukela kwezemidlalo kuye emisebenzini yasendlini.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Transcendental kanye nevelu ye-didactic yamandla

Amandla awasizi nje kuphela ukuchaza imvelo, kodwa futhi ayisisekelo sokudala ubuchwepheshe, imishini , kanye nezixazululo ezenza impilo yabantu ibe lula. Ukuyiqonda kubalulekile kulabo abaklama, balungise, noma bathuthukise amathuluzi nezinhlelo, kusukela kubunjiniyela kuya kwisayensi esetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuhlonza, ukuzama, kanye nokusebenzisa amandla kusukela ebuntwaneni isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga kokuhlaziya kanye nobuciko.

Uphefumulelwe ngabantu bomlando abanjengoHypatia wase-Alexandria , abanqoba izithiyo ekuphishekeleni kwakhe ulwazi, umyalezo uyaqinisekiswa: ukusebenza ngokubekezela nangomzamo kusenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ethu ukuze sifinyelele imigomo emikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaphela amandla akhona ezintweni nasemishinini yansuku zonke kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda nokuguqula umhlaba, hhayi nje ngombono kodwa nangokuzijwayeza kwansuku zonke kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.

I-physics yamandla iguqula impilo yansuku zonke ibe ukufunda, ubuhlakani, kanye nentuthuko. Ngokubuka, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokuhlola amandla emisebenzini elula kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kwamathuluzi nemishini elula neyinkimbinkimbi, siqinisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi indawo yethu ezungezile isebenza kanjani nokuthi singasebenzisana kanjani nayo ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi kwandisa imingcele yalokho okungase kwenzeke ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasemsebenzini, kukhuthaze isiko lokuzikhandla, ilukuluku, nokubekezela.