- I-PHP iwulimi oluseceleni kweseva lokudala izingosi zewebhu ezinamandla nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ezisekela amaseva amaningi kanye nesizindalwazi.
- Izinsiza ezibalulekile: imibhalo esemthethweni, okokufundisa, izifundo, nemiphakathi efana ne-PHP.net, i-W3Schools, Ukuchichima Kwesitaki, nezinkundla zokuqeqesha.
- Amathuluzi okusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa: izinhlaka (Laravel, Symfony), Umqambi, imitapo yolwazi, isikafula, nokususa iphutha kanye namathuluzi okwenza iphrofayela.
Emhlabeni wokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, i-PHP izimise njengolunye lwezilimi ezidume kakhulu nezisebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Ngekhono layo lokudala amawebhusayithi ashukumisayo nasebenzayo, kubalulekile ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile sensiza ye-PHP ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuqondiswe inqubo yokuthuthukisa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinsiza eziningi ze-PHP kuwebhu ezizokusiza uthuthukise amaphrojekthi akho futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho njengonjiniyela.
Iyini i-PHP futhi kungani ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu?
I-PHP (i-recursive acronym ye-PHP: I-Hypertext Preprocessor) iwulimi lohlelo oluvulekile oluklanyelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwayo kalula, ukuguquguquka, nokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zolwazi. I-PHP isebenza ngasohlangothini lweseva, okusho ukuthi ingakhiqiza okuqukethwe okunamandla futhi ixhumane nesizindalwazi ukuze kudaleke izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ezisebenzisanayo.
Nge-PHP, abathuthukisi bangakha konke kusukela kumakhasi ewebhu alula kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iyahambisana nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu kanye namaseva ewebhu , okwenza kube lula ukufinyeleleka futhi kuhambisane nezimo ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa.
Izinsiza ze-PHP kuwebhu ukuze ufunde futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho
Uma umusha ku-PHP noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho akhona, kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakala kuwebhu ukukusiza ufunde futhi uluqonde kahle lolu limi lokuhlela.
1. Okokufundisa okuku-inthanethi
Izifundo eziku-inthanethi ziyindlela enhle yokuqala ukufunda i-PHP. Kunamawebhusayithi amaningi kanye namapulatifomu ezemfundo anikeza izifundo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, amavidiyo, kanye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo ukukusiza uqonde kokubili izisekelo kanye nemibono ethuthukisiwe yezakhiwo zokulawula ku-PHP.
- W3Schools: I-W3Schools iyireferensi ye-inthanethi ethembekile yokufunda ubuchwepheshe bewebhu obuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-PHP. Ihlinzeka ngezifundo ezihlelekile nezibonelo zekhodi ukwenza ukufunda kube lula.
- I-PHP.net: Isizinda se-PHP esisemthethweni sihlinzeka ngemibhalo ephelele yolimi, okuhlanganisa okokufundisa, izibonelo, nencazelo ebanzi yayo yonke imisebenzi nezici ze-PHP.
2. Izifundo eziku-inthanethi
Uma ukhetha indlela ehlelekile nephelele yokufunda i-PHP, izifundo eziku-inthanethi ziyindlela enhle kakhulu. Amapulatifomu amaningi ezemfundo anikeza izifundo ze-PHP zabaqalayo nabathuthukisi abathuthukile . Ezinye zezinketho ezithandwa kakhulu zifaka:
- I-Udemy: I-Udemy inikeza izifundo eziningi ze-PHP zawo wonke amazinga wamakhono. Ungathola kokubili izifundo zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo, ezifundiswa ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
- I-Codecademy: I-Codecademy iyinkundla yokufunda esebenzisanayo enikeza izifundo ezisebenzayo ze-PHP. Uzofunda ngokuqedela izivivinyo namaphrojekthi omhlaba wangempela ukuze uhlanganise ulwazi lwakho.
3. Imiphakathi eku-inthanethi nezinkundla
Ukuba yingxenye yomphakathi wonjiniyela we-PHP kukuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nabanye ochwepheshe, ubuze imibuzo, wabelane ngemibono, futhi uthole izeluleko ezibalulekile. Eminye yemiphakathi ethandwa kakhulu eku-inthanethi nezinkundla yilezi:
- I-Stack UkuchichimaI-Stack Overflow iyisayithi yombuzo nezimpendulo lapho onjiniyela bengabuza khona imibuzo nge-PHP futhi bathole izimpendulo emphakathini. Kuyinsiza eyigugu uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe noma izinselele.
- I-PHP.net: Umphakathi we-PHP osemthethweni unezinkundla lapho ungaxhumana khona nabanye onjiniyela, ubuze imibuzo, futhi uxoxe ngezihloko ezihlobene ne-PHP.
4. Izincwadi ezimayelana ne-PHP
Uma ukhetha ukufunda ngefomethi yokuphrinta, kunenombolo enkulu yezincwadi ze-PHP ezitholakala emakethe. Ezinye zezincwadi ezinconywe kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- I-“PHP: Izingxenye Ezinhle” ka-Peter MacIntyre: Le ncwadi igxile ezenzweni ezinhle kakhulu nasezicini eziwusizo kakhulu ze-PHP, ekuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ikhodi yakho futhi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
- «I-PHP Yesimanje: Izici Ezintsha Nemikhuba Emihle» kaJosh Lockhart: Le ncwadi ihlanganisa Izici ezintsha ze-PHP kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zamanje, ezizokusiza ugcine amakhono akho esesikhathini samanje.
5. Amabhulogi nezinsiza ze-inthanethi
Ngaphezu kokufundisa, izifundo, nezincwadi, kunamabhulogi amaningi nezinsiza ze-inthanethi ezinikeza amathiphu, amaqhinga, nezibonelo zekhodi ezihlobene ne-PHP. Amanye amabhulogi adumile afaka:
- I-SitePoint PHP: I-SitePoint PHP inikeza inhlobonhlobo yezindatshana ze-PHP nezifundiso, kusukela emiqondweni eyisisekelo kuye ezihlokweni ezithuthuke kakhulu.
- PHP: Indlela Elungile: Le webhusayithi inikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wokufunda nokusebenzisa i-PHP ngendlela efanele nangempumelelo.
Izinsiza ze-PHP kuwebhu ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa
Uma usuzuze ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-PHP, yisikhathi sokuhlola izinsiza ezizokusiza ukusheshisa intuthuko futhi uthuthukise ukukhiqiza.
1. PHP Frameworks
Amafreyimu e-PHP angamathuluzi anamandla ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo kanye nesethi yamalayibrari okuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Ukusebenzisa uhlaka kungasheshisa inqubo yokuthuthukiswa futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Ezinye zezinhlaka ezithandwa kakhulu zifaka:
- I-Laravel: I-Laravel iwuhlaka oluhle noluphelele lwe-PHP elenza ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu kube lula. Inikeza i-syntax ecacile nefushane, futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zezici eziwusizo nemitapo yolwazi.
- I-SymfonyI-Symfony ingolunye uhlaka lwe-PHP lwekhwalithi ephezulu olukhuthaza imikhuba emihle nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi. Yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nokuscalability.
2. Abaphathi abathembele
Abaphathi bokuncika bakuvumela ukuthi uphathe amalabhulali angaphandle namaphakheji owasebenzisa kumaphrojekthi akho e-PHP. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufaka nokubuyekeza okuncikile, kanye nokuphatha izinguqulo. Abanye babaphathi abathembela kakhulu bafaka:
- Umqambi: Umqambi ungumphathi wokuncika osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni we-PHP. Ikuvumela ukuthi ufake futhi uphathe imitapo yolwazi ye-PHP namaphakheji kalula nangempumelelo.
3. Amakhodi generator kanye nezikafula
Amajeneretha ekhodi nesikafula kungamathuluzi akusiza ukuthi ukhiqize ngokuzenzakalela isisekelo sekhodi yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, okukongela isikhathi nomzamo. Ezinye izinketho ezidumile yilezi:
- I-Laravel JetstreamI-Jetstream ikhiqiza ikhodi ye-Laravel edala isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sohlelo lokusebenza esinokuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, ukuphatha indima, nokuningi.
- I-Symfony MakerBundle: I-MakerBundle iyithuluzi lesikafula le-Symfony elikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-codebase yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
4. Imitapo yolwazi ye-PHP namaphakheji
Imitapo yolwazi eminingi, amaphakheji, namathuluzi afana ne -phpMyAdmin ayatholakala anikeza imisebenzi ethile kanye nezixazululo zezinkinga ezivamile. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:
- I-Guzzle: I-Guzzle ilabhulali yeklayenti le-HTTP elenza kube lula ukuthumela izicelo ze-HTTP nokusingatha izimpendulo.
- I-PHPUnitI-PHPUnit iwuhlaka lokuhlola iyunithi lwe-PHP olukuvumela ukuthi ubhale futhi wenze izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo zezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.
5. Amathuluzi okulungisa iphutha nawokwenza iphrofayela
Amathuluzi okulungisa iphutha nawokwenza iphrofayela abalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinhlelweni zakho ze-PHP. Amanye amathuluzi adumile afaka:
- I-Xdebug: I-Xdebug isandiso se-PHP esihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezici zokulungisa iphutha njengokulandela umkhondo wokwenza, ukuhlola okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokwenza iphrofayela.
- I-Blackfire: I-Blackfire iyithuluzi lephrofayela ye-PHP elikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ukusebenza kohlelo lwakho lokusebenza futhi uhlonze izingqinamba zokuthuthukisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngezinsiza ze-PHP kuwebhu
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa uhlaka lwe-PHP?
Ukusebenzisa uhlaka lwe-PHP kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ihlinzeka ngohlaka kanye nesethi yemitapo yolwazi ekusiza ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlaka ngokuvamile zilandela izinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezihamba phambili, eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza. Benza futhi kube lula ukukala nokugcina amaphrojekthi akho esikhathini eside.
Uyini umehluko phakathi komphathi wokuncika kanye nejeneretha yekhodi?
Umphathi wokuncika iyithuluzi elikuvumela ukuthi uphathe imitapo yolwazi yangaphandle namaphakheji owasebenzisa kuphrojekthi yakho ye-PHP. Ikusiza ukuthi ufake, ubuyekeze, futhi ulawule ukuncika kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-code generator iyithuluzi elikusiza ukuthi ukhiqize ngokuzenzakalela isisekelo sekhodi yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Dala isakhiwo namafayela owadingayo ukuze uqale ukuwathuthukisa, ukongela isikhathi nomzamo.
Iyini i-Composer futhi isetshenziswa kanjani ku-PHP?
Umqambi ungumphathi wokuncika we-PHP. Isetshenziselwa ukufaka, ukuvuselela nokuphatha imitapo yolwazi ye-PHP namaphakheji kumaphrojekthi akho. NgoMqambi, ungacacisa okuncikile okudingayo kufayela composer.json bese usebenzisa umyalo composer install ukulanda ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ufake imitapo yolwazi edingekayo.
Yini ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kweyunithi ku-PHP?
Ukuhlolwa kweyunithi kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesicelo se-PHP. Zikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yekhodi yakho isebenza ngendlela efanele uma yodwa. Ukuhlolwa kweyunithi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yakho, amakilasi, nezindlela zikhiqiza imiphumela elindelekile futhi zikusize uthole iziphazamisi noma izinkinga zokusebenza kusenesikhathi ngenqubo yokuthuthukisa.
Iyini i-Xdebug futhi isetshenziswa kanjani ku-PHP?
I-Xdebug isandiso se-PHP esihlinzeka ngezici eziningi zokulungisa iphutha. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukulandela ngomkhondo, uhlole okuguquguqukayo, uhlaziye ukusebenza kwekhodi yakho, nokunye okuningi. Ukuze usebenzise i-Xdebug, kufanele uyifake futhi uyilungiselele endaweni yakho yokuthuthuka, ngokuvamile ngosizo lwe-IDE esekelwe.
Ngingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zami zokusebenza ze-PHP?
Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ze-PHP, ungalandela eminye imikhuba emihle kakhulu, njengokusebenzisa amasu okugcina idatha, ukunciphisa imibuzo yedatha, ukwenza ngcono imibuzo ye-SQL , ukusebenzisa imemori kahle, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi okubhala iphrofayela ukuze ubone izithiyo. Ungacabanga futhi ngokusebenzisa amasu okugcina idatha ekhasini, njenge-Varnish noma i-Redis, ukuze usheshise ukulethwa kokuqukethwe okungaguquki.
Isiphetho Sezinsiza ze-PHP kuwebhu
Kusukela ezifundweni eziku-inthanethi kanye nezifundo kuya ezinhlakeni ezifana ne -CodeIgniter kanye nemitapo yolwazi, kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo zokufunda, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PHP. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu eziguquguqukayo nezisebenzayo, uthuthukise ukusebenza, futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho okuthuthukisa i-PHP.
Khumbula ukuhlola imithombo ehlukene, ubambe iqhaza emiphakathini yonjiniyela, futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva nemikhuba ehamba phambili. Ngesisekelo esiqinile sezinsiza ze-PHP, ungathatha amaphrojekthi akho ewebhu uwayise kwelinye izinga.
