- Ukudalwa kohlelo oluphelele kusukela kumqondo kuya ekunakekelweni, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwezakhiwo, ukubhala amakhodi, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
- Inqubo yokubambisana ehlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuklama, ukuhlola, kanye nokusekela okuqhubekayo ukuletha nokuvuselela izixazululo zobuchwepheshe.
- Ihlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle, ukwenza kube ngokwakho, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesikhathi sangempela; ihilela izindleko, ubunzima, kanye nesidingo sokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi kuyini ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware nokuthi kusebenza kanjani? Uma ufana nabantu abaningi, kungenzeka ukuthi uke walizwa leli gama ngaphambilini kodwa awazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Kusukela ezinzuzweni zayo kuya emikhiqizweni yayo, okuhlanganisa ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ingathuthukiswa kanjani. Ngakho-ke funda ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo nesibalulekile esikhathini samanje sedijithali!
Kuyini ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyinqubo yokudala uhlelo lwekhompyutha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo kuze kube sekuqalisweni kwalo kokugcina. Le nqubo ihilela uchungechunge lwezigaba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukuklama, ukufaka amakhodi, ukuhlola, kanye nokulungisa . Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yikho okuvumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi badale izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo zamakhompyutha namadivayisi eselula.
Kusukela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuya emidlalweni yeselula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso , konke lokhu kwenzeke ngokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware akugcini nje ngokwakhiwa kwekhodi yomthombo; Kuphinde kubandakanye izici ezibalulekile ezifana nesakhiwo sesistimu nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nethimba eliqeqeshwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza le nqubo ngempumelelo. Ukusuka ku-Agile kuya kuScrum noma ku-DevOps; Ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi kuye ngezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi.
Ngamafuphi: Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyisiyalo esibalulekile esikhathini sethu samanje sedijithali njengoba kuvumela ukusungulwa kwezixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kusebenza kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokudala izinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziyingqayizivele nezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo. Isigaba sokuqala senqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ukuhlela, lapho inkinga ezoxazululwa noma isidingo sekhasimende sibonakala.
Uma izinjongo zephrojekthi sezisunguliwe, isigaba sokuklama siyaqala. Lapha, abathuthukisi benza imodeli ebonakalayo yohlelo futhi banqume izici ezithile kanye nokusebenza okufanele kufakwe.
Okulandelayo kuza ukuqaliswa noma ukubhala ngekhodi, lapho abahleli bezinhlelo bebhala ikhodi ukuze bakhe isofthiwe. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ugcina imibhalo enemininingwane phakathi nalesi sinyathelo ukuze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa nokulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Isigaba esilandelayo siwukuhlola uhlelo ukuze kutholwe amaphutha futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi luyahlangabezana yini nezicaciso ezidingwa iklayenti. Uma izinkinga zihlangatshezwana nalesi sigaba, zibuyela esinyathelweni sangaphambilini zize zigculiseke ngemiphumela.
Ekugcineni, ngemva kokudlula konke ukuhlolwa okunzima, sekuyisikhathi sokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni komkhiqizo oqediwe. Abathuthukisi bangaphinde banikeze isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ngezibuyekezo ezivamile kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo ngendlela efanele.
Iphrojekthi ngayinye inendlela yayo ehlukile ngokuya ngomjikelezo ophelele kusukela ekuhleleni kokuqala kuya ekuqalisweni ngempumelelo kuye ekukhiqizeni.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zamabhizinisi nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo ye-automation, egcina isikhathi esibalulekile nezinsiza. Ukwengeza, isofthiwe yangokwezifiso ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zebhizinisi noma zomsebenzisi ezingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezixazululo ezingaphandle kweshalofu.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yikhono layo lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokunemba komsebenzi. Amasistimu ekhompiyutha ayakwazi ukuphatha inani elikhulu lolwazi ngaphandle kwephutha lomuntu, okuholela ekunembeni nasekuthembekeni okukhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isofthiwe iphinde ivumele ukulandelela okungcono kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusebenza kwebhizinisi noma komuntu ngamunye. Ngamathuluzi anjengedeshibhodi nemibiko eyenziwe ngokwezifiso , izinkampani zingaqapha ukusebenza kwazo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Okokugcina, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zivuselelwa njalo ngezici ezintsha kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha abalulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bahlala benokufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bamuva obutholakalayo ukuze bahambisane nezidingo zemakethe ezishintshayo.
Sekukonke, ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile kumabhizinisi nakubathengi ngabanye abafuna ukwenza lula imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke.
Yiziphi izithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kunezinzuzo eziningi, kukhona futhi ezinye izithiyo okudingeka zicatshangelwe. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu izindleko zezezimali zentuthuko. Ukudala uhlelo olusha ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni kungabiza kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi.
Enye inkinga evamile iyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokuthuthukiswa ngokwayo. Ukuthuthukisa isofthiwe kudinga ukuhlela okuningi, ukuklama, kanye nokubhala ngekhodi okuningiliziwe, okungaba nzima kwabanye abantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ushintsha ngokushesha ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha obuvelayo kanye nokuvuselelwa njalo kumasistimu wokusebenza akhona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi onjiniyela badinga ukuhlala benolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva ukuze bagcine amakhono abo ehambisana.
Okokugcina, enye inkinga ukuthi kungenzeka kube namaphutha amakhulu noma amaphutha obuchwepheshe kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuqinile ngaphambi kokuqaliswa, kungavela izinkinga ngemuva kokuqaliswa ezingalimaza idumela lonjiniyela kanye neklayenti.
Nakuba lezi zihibe zibalulekile, akufanele zivimbele noma ubani onentshisekelo yokuphishekela imisebenzi ehlobene nezinhlelo noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe njengoba lezi zinselele zinganqotshwa ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele nokuzijwayeza okungaguquki.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kungathuthukiswa kanjani?
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, kubalulekile ukulandela imikhuba emihle kakhulu. Okokuqala, udinga ukuba nohlelo lwephrojekthi olucacile nolunemininingwane enezinjongo ezithile kanye nezinsuku zokugcina ezingokoqobo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ithimba ligxile emisebenzini ebalulekile futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphrojekthi iya phambili ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okungadingekile.
Enye indlela yokuthuthukisa iwukusebenzisa izindlela ezishesha kakhulu ezifana neScrum noma iKanban. Lezi zindlela zivumela ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwesikhathi nezinsiza, okungaholela enqubweni yokuthuthukisa esheshayo nesebenza ngempumelelo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusungula uhlelo oluhle lokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu ukuze kugwenywe ukungezwani nokudideka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Imihlangano eyenzeka njalo noma yansuku zonke ingaba usizo ekugcineni wonke umuntu azi mayelana nokuqhubeka kwephrojekthi.
Ikhwalithi nayo ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Ukuqaliswa okuqinile kokuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, nokuhlolwa kwekhodi okuvamile kungaqinisekisa ukuthi isofthiwe ayinazo iziphazamisi ngaphambi kokukhishwa.
Okokugcina, ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe obusha namathuluzi kungasiza kakhulu ekuhlaleni unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezitayela zakamuva embonini kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokwamukela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, inqubo engcono ngokuvamile ingafinyelelwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kuze kufike ekugcineni kwekhasimende.
Izinhlobo nezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe
1. Izinhlobo zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe:
a. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ngokwezifiso : Lokhu kuhilela ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukile zomsebenzisi noma inkampani ethile. Lolu hlobo lokuthuthukiswa luqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuphelele nezidingo zeklayenti, kodwa kungabiza kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi.
b. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yezentengiselwano engekho eshalofini (COTS) : Lezi izinhlelo ezingathengwa emakethe futhi zisetshenziswe njengoba zinjalo, noma ngokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okuncane. Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe lushibhile futhi lushesha ukulisebenzisa, kodwa lungase lungahlangabezani ngokugcwele nezidingo ezithile zenhlangano.
c. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile : Le software ivumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo, ibanike inkululeko yokushintsha, ukuthuthukisa, nokwabelana ngesofthiwe. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukubambisana kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, yize kungaletha nezinselele maqondana nokusekelwa kanye nokugcinwa.
d. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe Yeselula : Lokhu kubhekisela ekudalweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamadivayisi eselula. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zingaba zendabuko (ezakhelwe ngqo uhlelo olulodwa lokusebenza) noma ezisekelweni ezahlukene (ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi).
2. Izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe:
a. Ukuqoqwa kwezimfuneko : Lesi yisigaba lapho izidingo zeklayenti zinqunywa khona. Kuhilela izingxoxo nababambiqhaza ukuze kuqondwe okulindelwe yibo futhi kuchazwe ngokucacile izidingo zesofthiwe.
b. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimfuneko : Kulesi sigaba, izidingo eziqoqiwe ziyahlaziywa futhi zilungiswe ukuze kuqedwe noma yikuphi ukungaqondakali futhi kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukuthi yini edingekayo.
c. Umklamo : Lapha, ukwakheka kwesofthiwe kanye nezincazelo kuyachazwa. Isakhiwo sedatha, isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi, kanye namamojula esofthiwe kuyanqunywa, futhi imibhalo yokuklama iyalungiswa.
d. Ukubhala ikhodi : Lesi yisigaba lapho kubhalwa khona ikhodi yomthombo yesofthiwe. Abahleli bezinhlelo basebenzisa amadokhumenti okuklama ukwakha isofthiwe ngokwezidingo ezibekiwe.
e. Ukuhlola : Lesi sigaba sihilela ukuqinisekisa isofthiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo nemisebenzi ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlola kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlanganiswa, uhlelo, kanye nokwamukelwa.
f. Ukuqaliswa : Uma isofthiwe isihloliwe futhi yavunywa, ifakwa ezinhlelweni zeklayenti. Lesi sigaba singase sihilele nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzisi kanye nokuxazulula noma yiziphi izinkinga eziphakama ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
g. Ukulungiswa : Lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Sihlanganisa izibuyekezo zesofthiwe , ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, kanye nokwengeza izici ezintsha uma kudingeka.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo futhi ehehayo. Nakuba kungase kube nokuhlukahluka kwendlela yokusebenza nendlela yokwenza, le mibono nezigaba zibalulekile ekudaleni izixazululo eziletha inani nezihlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokwakha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kuye kwavumela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphawulekayo kulo mkhakha, okubangele amathuluzi athuthuke kakhulu nasebenza kahle.
Naphezu kwezinye izithiyo ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu kanye namaphutha okungenzeka, izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe zidlula kude noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amasu asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isofthiwe eqanjiwe nethembekile.
Sithemba ukuthi sinikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi kuyini ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nokuthi kusebenza kanjani, kanye nokubaluleka kwakho emhlabeni wethu wedijithali. Uma uneminye imibuzo eyengeziwe noma ukuphawula ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo, sicela ukhululeke ukusishiya ngezansi.