- Izinhlekelele eziningi zesistimu ye-RAID zibhebhethekiswa yizenzo ezisheshayo ngemizuzu embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokwehluleka.
- Izinga ngalinye le-RAID liphatha idatha kanye nokulingana ngendlela ehlukile, okunquma ubungozi bangempela kanye nesu lokutakula.
- Ukungenelela kobungcweti kuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwama-disk, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-virtual array, kanye namasu okuhlaziya okunengqondo athuthukile.
- I-RAID ayithathi indawo yama-backup: ukuvimbela kanye nokuphendula okuhlelekile kubalulekile ekulondolozeni idatha.
Uma uhlelo lwe-RAID luhluleka, imizuzu embalwa yokuqala ibalulekile. Kulelo okuthiwa "ihora legolide" ngemva kokwehluleka, amaphutha amaningi abantu ayenzeka, aguqule inkinga elungisekayo ibe yinhlekelele engenakuguqulwa. Ukushintshana ngamadiski ngokungazi, ukuqala kabusha njalo, noma ukuzama ukwakha kabusha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yini engalungile ngokuvamile kuyindlela esheshayo yokulahlekelwa kwedatha iyonke.
Kungani ukululama kwe-RAID kubucayi kangaka?
Ezimweni eziningi ezibucayi, ukulahleka kwedatha akubangelwa ukwehluleka kokuqala kwehadiwe, kodwa yizenzo ezisheshayo ezithathwe phakathi nehora lokuqala . Lesi sikhathi sibalulekile: idiski ingashintsha indawo, inqubo yokuqalisa ingase iqalwe ngephutha, ukwakhiwa kabusha kungaphoqeleka, noma uhlelo lungase luqale kusukela kubhekhaphu engaphelele ku-array efanayo yesitoreji, futhi lokho okwakuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa elawulekayo kuba yiphazili cishe engenakwenzeka.
Izimo ezivame kakhulu zengozi zifaka phakathi ukushintshanisa amadiski ngokulandelana okungalungile (ku-RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, njll.), ukufaka esikhundleni isilawuli ngesinye imodeli ngaphandle kokwenza i-cloning noma ukubhala phansi ukucushwa, ukuphoqa amadiski "ku-inthanethi" ngaphandle kokuhlaziya isimo sangempela, ukuqalisa amavolumu angalungile, noma ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa kabusha okushiywe kungaqediwe futhi konakalisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-array.
Okunye okuyingozi kakhulu ukubuyiselwa kwe-backup ngqo ohlelweni olulimele , ukufuduka kwesitoreji sohlobo lwe-VMware Storage vMotion olune-array engazinzile, kanye nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi obhala imethadatha entsha yokucushwa kwe-RAID kumadiski ngolwazi olungabuyiselwa.
I-RAID array iyisisekelo samaseva amaningi angokwenyama, i-NAS, kanye nezinhlelo ze-SAN, futhi akucaci ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi inkinga ivela ku-array uqobo. Ngakho-ke, uma ungabaza, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ukuyeka konke ukubhala kuma-disk , ubhale phansi isimo ngokuningiliziwe, bese ucela iseluleko kochwepheshe bokubuyisa idatha ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezengeziwe.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile abantu kanye nemikhuba emihle eyisisekelo
Uma uhlelo lwe-RAID lungena esimweni esibi, idiski elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lihluleka, noma i-NAS ingeke iqale, ukusabela okungokwemvelo kuvame ukuzama izinto "kuze kube yilapho okuthile kusebenza." Le ndlela cishe njalo igcina ibhebhethekisa inkinga ngoba isenzo ngasinye sishiya umkhondo kumadiski futhi singabhala ngaphezulu ukulingana, imethadatha, noma idatha yomsebenzisi esaphelele.
Phakathi kwamaphutha avame kakhulu okwenza kube nzima ukululama yizenzo ezifana nokulungiselela i-RAID entsha kusetshenziswa isilawuli namadiski afanayo , ukufaka lawo madiski endaweni ehlukile yokugcina ukuze "kubonakale ukuthi iyawabona yini," noma ukushintsha ukuhleleka okungokoqobo kwama-drive bay. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zenzo zibhala ngaphezulu kokucushwa kokuqala, zibhubhise imivimbo ye-parity, futhi zinciphise kakhulu amathuba empumelelo.
Omunye umkhuba omubi ovamile ukwehluleka ukurekhoda noma yini eyenzekayo. Esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sokwehluleka, kubalulekile ukurekhoda yonke imicimbi ngokulandelana kwesikhathi : ukucima kukagesi, imiyalezo yesistimu , izinguquko zediski, imizamo yokwakha kabusha, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, njll. Lolu lwazi kamuva lusiza ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ukuhlanganisa iphazili.
Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukubhala phansi nokugcina indawo eqondile yediski ngayinye ku-array . Ukushintsha ama-disk bay "ngeso" noma ukulahla ama-disk okuthiwa afile kuwubuwula: uma i-RAID idinga ukuhlanganiswa kabusha elebhu kamuva, ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi idiski eyayikuyiphi indawo nokuba nawo wonke ama-disk okuqala (ngisho nalawo ashintshiwe) atholakalayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-RAID, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezilandelayo: misa ikhompyutha, ungalungisi lutho kabusha, gcina wonke amadiski enelebula ethi , qoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nesigameko, futhi, uma idatha ibalulekile, xhumana nesevisi yobuchwepheshe yokutakula ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuhlola.
Indlela ochwepheshe ababhekana ngayo nokubuyiselwa kwesistimu ye-RAID
Izinkampani ezigxile ekubuyiselweni kwedatha ye-RAID zisebenza ngezinqubo ezihlelekile kakhulu ngoba zonke izinqumo zobuchwepheshe kumele zinciphise ingozi yomonakalo owengeziwe . Esimweni esivamile lapho amadiski amaningi nama-terabyte edatha esengozini, noma yisiphi isinyathelo esithuthukisiwe singabiza kakhulu.
Isibonelo sangempela esichazayo kakhulu yileso se-RAID array enamadiski ayishumi nambili kanye nedatha engaba ngu-12 TB. Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yayingaphathwanga kahle, ngakho-ke ikhambi elisebenzayo kuphela kwakuwukuxhumana nenkampani yobuchwepheshe yokubuyisa idatha ye-RAID . Isimo sasiphuthuma; imisebenzi yayidinga ukuqala kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi i-array yayisivele ifinyelele esimweni esibucayi ngemuva kokuthi amadiski amabili ehlulekile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kabusha.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ochwepheshe bavame ukuqala ngokuhlanganisa wonke amadiski asebenzayo bese besebenza njalo kumakhophi, hhayi awemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazama ukulungisa, ngangokunokwenzeka, ama-drive alimele ngokomzimba, kungaba ngokungenelela kwelabhorethri (amakamelo okuhlanza, ukushintshwa kwekhanda, ama-electronics anikelayo, njll.) noma ngamasu okufunda athuthukile.
Endabeni yedrayivu ye-12 TB, inkinga enkulu kwakuwukuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-RAID kwase kuqalile ngaphambi kokuhluleka kwesibili , ngakho-ke isilawuli sase sivele sibale kabusha ngokwengxenye amanani amasha e-parity. Inzuzo ehlobene yayiwukuthi idiski yesibili yehlulekile ezigabeni zokuqala zenqubo, ngakho ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo esidala esinengqondo yayisakwazi ukutholakala.
Ngemva kokuthola enye yamadiski alimele nokukhiqiza ikhophi ephelele, inselele kwakuwukwakha kabusha ngesandla isakhiwo esinengqondo se-array : i-disk order, usayizi webhlokhi, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-parity, izinguquko ezingenzeka phakathi nenqubo… Lo msebenzi, ongathatha izinsuku eziningana zokuhlaziya, usivumele ukuthi sithole cishe u-90% wedatha, okuthi, uma kubhekwa izimo, kubhekwe izinga eliphezulu lempumelelo ekubuyiselweni kwe-RAID.
Izinsizakalo zobungcweti: lokho ezivame ukukunikeza kanye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo
Izinkampani ezigxile ekubuyiselweni kwedatha ye-RAID zivame ukunikeza ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokukhululekile , ikakhulukazi kumaseva abalulekile noma amadivayisi e-NAS okukhiqiza. Kwezinye izimo, zibophezela ekuhloleni inkinga zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, zinikeze umbiko wokwenzeka kanye nesilinganiso sentengo esinqunyiwe, futhi zinamathele kunqubomgomo "yokungabuyiselwa, akukho nkokhelo".
Isevisi evamile iqala lapho iklayenti licela ikhotheshini yamahhala ukuze libuyisele i-RAID yalo . Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, ulwazi luqoqwa mayelana nohlobo lwe-array (i-RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, i-JBOD, njll.), inani lamadiski, uhlelo lwefayela (isb., i-ext4, i-Btrfs, i-XFS, i-HFS+, i-NTFS…), ihadiwe ehilelekile (i-Synology NAS, i-QNAP, amaseva egama lomkhiqizo, ama-SAN arrays…), kanye nencazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu nezenzo ezithathiwe kuze kube manje.
Uma ucwaningo selwamukelwe, inkampani ivame ukuhlela iqoqo lamahhala lemishini noma amadiski , okubonisa imiyalelo eqondile yokupakisha: sebenzisa ukugoqa okungenazimo noma okunezimbobo, beka idivayisi ebhokisini eliqinile elinezinto ezimunca ukushaqeka, vimbela amadiski ukuthi angahambi ngesikhathi sokuthutha bese ubhala kahle inombolo yesicelo.
Emuva elabhorethri, ochwepheshe benza ukuhlolwa okungokomzimba nokunengqondo kwediski ngayinye , badale izithombe ezincane nezincane noma nini lapho kungenzeka, bahlole isimo semikhakha, bese benquma ukuthi bangayakha kanjani kabusha i-RAID nge-inthanethi. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho kwethulwa khona isilinganiso sokugcina, okuhlanganisa iphesenti elilinganisiwe ledatha etholakala kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokushintsha.
Uma iklayenti livuma, inqubo yangempela yokutakula iyaqala. Ngemva kokuqinisa amadrayivu nokusetha i-RAID endaweni elawulwayo, ochwepheshe bakha uhlu lwamafayela afinyelelekayo. Kuze kube manje, iklayenti ngokuvamile alikakhokhi lutho . Idatha ikopishwa kuphela kwimidiya yokugcina entsha (i-hard drive yangaphandle, i-NAS ethathe indawo, njll.) bese ithunyelwa emuva kuklayenti, cishe njalo kufakwe ukuthunyelwa.
Okuyisisekelo: indlela i-RAID esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi
Kalula nje, uhlelo lwe-RAID luyisethi yamadiski angokoqobo alethwa ohlelweni lokusebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa enengqondo . Isihluthulelo sisekutheni idatha isatshalaliswa kanjani, futhi mhlawumbe, ukulingana phakathi kwamadiski ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza, umthamo, ukubekezelela amaphutha, noma inhlanganisela yawo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-RAID buvumela idatha ukuthi isatshalaliswe ngemigqa noma amabhlogo abhalwe ngokuhambisana kumadiski amaningi, okusheshisa ukufinyelela ngokuhlanganisa ukudluliselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha ephindaphindayo (i-parity) igcinwa emazingeni athile ukuze kubalwe kabusha idatha kusuka kudiski ehlulekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesevisi, uma nje imikhawulo yokwehluleka echazwe ekwakhiweni kwe-array ingadluli.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yikhono lokushintshanisa amadiski ngokushisa ezinhlelweni eziningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idiski enephutha ingasuswa ngokomzimba futhi ishintshwe ngaphandle kokuvala iseva noma i-storage array, okuvumela isilawuli ukuthi sakhe kabusha idatha elahlekile kudiski entsha ngemuva ngenkathi uhlelo luqhubeka nokusebenza.
Akukho "izinga le-RAID eliphelele" elilodwa elifanela zonke izimo. Izinga ngalinye libeka phambili ibhalansi ehlukile phakathi kokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye namandla asebenzisekayo . Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-RAID olulungiselelwe ngaphambi kokuzama noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokulungisa noma yokutakula.
Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-RAID ngokwayo ivame ukwakha kabusha idatha uma ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha okuhleliwe kuhlangatshezwana nakho. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuvela izinkinga eziningana zomzimba, ezinengqondo, noma zabantu ngokulandelana, i-array ingalahlekelwa ukuhambisana futhi ingakwazi ukuzilungisa yodwa, okudinga ukungenelela kochwepheshe.
Amazinga ajwayelekile e-RAID kanye nezici zawo
Izinga ngalinye le-RAID liphatha ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha kanye nokulingana phakathi kwamadiski ngendlela ehlukile , okuholela ekwehlukeni okucacile kokuziphatha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kusiza ukuhlola ingozi yangempela yokwehluleka kanye nethuba lokululama ngempumelelo.
I-RAID 0, eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isabalalisa idatha ngemigqa okungenani kumadiski amabili ngaphandle kokugcina noma yiluphi ulwazi oluphindaphindayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulahleka kwediski eyodwa kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwevolumu yonke , njengoba izingxenye zefayela ngalinye zisakazeke kuwo wonke amadrayivu. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko isivinini, kodwa ngokombono wokuphepha kwedatha, isengozini enkulu.
I-RAID 1, noma i-mirroring, igcina amakhophi afanayo edatha kumadiski amabili . Uma eyodwa yehluleka, enye iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Ilula, ithembekile, futhi inikeza isivinini esihle sokufunda, yize inciphisa amandla asebenzisekayo, njengoba isikhala esitholakalayo silingana nesediski eyodwa ku-pair. Ekubuyiseleni, ukuba okungenani nediski eyodwa iphelele ngokuvamile kwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu.
Kukhona futhi amazinga e-RAID afana ne-RAID 3 kanye ne-RAID 4, angajwayelekile namuhla, ahlanganisa amadiski edatha nediski ye-parity ezinikele . Ku-RAID 3, ukufinyelela kumadiski edatha kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi idiski ye-parity iba yisithiyo esingaba khona, kuyilapho i-RAID 4 ivumela ukufinyelela okuzimele kakhulu kudiski ngayinye yedatha, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi.
I-RAID 5 cishe iyindlela yokucushwa kwe-RAID esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zeseva neze-NAS. Isabalalisa idatha ngemigqa kumadiski amaningi kanye namabhulokhi e-parity aphakathi asakazwa phakathi kwawo wonke amadrayivu , ngaphandle kokunikezela idiski eyodwa kuphela kulowo msebenzi. Lokhu kucushwa kuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwedatha kudiski yokufaka esikhundleni uma eyodwa yehluleka, uma nje kungenzeki ukwehluleka kwesibili ngesikhathi senqubo yokutakula.
I-RAID 6 ithatha isinyathelo esengeziwe sokuphepha ngokugcina amabhlogo amabili okulingana kwesethi ngayinye yedatha , okuvumela ukuthi imelane nokwehluleka ngasikhathi sinye kwamadiski amabili ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha. Idinga umthamo wediski owengeziwe wokulingana kanye namandla ekhompyutha engeziwe, kodwa ngokubuya inikeza umkhawulo omkhulu wephutha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okuboshwe, isici esibaluleke kakhulu kuma-array amakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwala mazinga e-RAID "ajwayelekile", kunezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-RAID 10 (mirroring + striping), i-RAID 50 noma i-60, kanye nokulungiselelwa okuqondile noma kwe-JBOD, lapho amadiski ehlanganiswa khona ukuze akhe ivolumu enkulu , ngaphandle kokuphindaphindeka kwangempela. Akukho neyodwa kulezi zimo lapho i-RAID ithatha indawo yesistimu yokusekelayo eklanywe kahle.
Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwesistimu ye-RAID kanye nalapho ukululama kuba nzima
Izinhlelo ze-RAID zinedumela lokuqina, futhi kufanele, kodwa azinazo izinkinga. Empeleni, amaphutha angokomzimba, anengqondo, kanye nawomuntu ayenzeka , avame ukuhlangana futhi aholele ezimweni ezinzima zokutakula.
Ngokombono onengqondo, esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu kakhulu ukulahlekelwa noma ukonakala kwemigqa ye-parity . Lapho i-metadata ekhombisa ukuthi idatha kanye ne-parity zisatshalaliswa kanjani kuma-disks yonakala, i-RAID ayisakwazi ukuphinda ikhiqize ulwazi ngokwayo, futhi kudingeka ukungenelela kwangaphandle ukuthola nokwakha kabusha le migqa ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngokuphathelene nehadiwe, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iphesenti elincane lamadiski kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda ethile lingahluleka ngokomzimba njalo ngonyaka, cishe u-2-3%. Ku-array enamadiski amaningi, lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthi okungenani elilodwa lihluleke awabalulekile. Ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukwanda kwamandla, i-firmware enephutha, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma izingxenye zekhwalithi embi yizimbangela ezivamile zokwehluleka ngokomzimba.
Izinkinga ziba zimbi kakhulu lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesibili ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha, ikakhulukazi ku-RAID 5 noma ukucushwa ngamadiski amaningi. Uma, ngenkathi uhlelo luvuselela idatha kusuka kudiski ehlulekile, enye idiski iqala ukubhekana namaphutha amakhulu, i-array ingasuka ekubeni yonakele iye ekubeni ingafinyeleleki nhlobo. Lapho amadiski amaningi ehluleka kunokubekezelelana okulindelekile , i-logic yangaphakathi ye-RAID ayisanele, futhi amasu okutakula athuthukile kumele asetshenziswe.
Iphutha lomuntu liqeda i-cocktail: ukulibazisa ukushintshwa kwediski ebivele inikeza izixwayiso, ukunganaki ama-alamu okulawula, ukuvala izinhlelo ngendlela engafanele lapho ugesi uphela ngokuphindaphindiwe , ukufaka abashayeli abangafanele , ukuphoqa ukuqala kabusha okuqhubekayo, noma ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokulungisa ngaphandle kokwenza izipele zakamuva kuyimikhuba eyandisa kakhulu ingozi yokulahleka kwedatha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ekhethekile: isibonelo esisebenzayo nge-R-Studio
Uma i-RAID ingasatholakali ngesilawuli sokuqala, enye yezinketho zobuchwepheshe ukwakha kabusha i-array nge-virtual usebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile . Amathuluzi afana ne-R-Studio akuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-RAID ahlala njalo sengathi angamavolumu ajwayelekile, futhi ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ukudala ama-RAID abonakalayo kusuka kumadiski noma izithombe zediski.
Isimiso sokusebenza sihilela ukudala i -virtual RAID array esekelwe kuma-disk angokoqobo noma amakhophi ezithombe zawo , ngokufaka ngesandla amapharamitha afana nenani lama-disk, usayizi webhlokhi, ukuqala kwe-offset, uhlobo lwe-RAID (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, JBOD, ZFS RAIDZ, RAIDZ2, njll.), kanye ne-disk order. Uma isofthiwe isithole uhlelo lwefayela olusebenzayo, le-virtual RAID array yethulwa njengevolumu engasetshenziswa lapho amafayela angafakwa khona ohlwini futhi atholakale.
Isibonelo, ku-RAID 5 array elula enamadiski amathathu, amabhlogo angu-64 KB, kanye ne-left parity engashintshi, ungakhetha amadiski amathathu ngokulandelana okufanele , ucacise usayizi webhloko, usethe i-offset efanele, bese uvumela ithuluzi ukuthi libone ukwahlukanisa. Ukusuka lapho, ungavula ivolumu, uhlole amafolda, ubuke kuqala amafayela (ikakhulukazi amakhulu), bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sifakwe kahle.
Ekulungiselelweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njenge-RAID 5 array enamabhulokhi angu-4 KB kanye nephethini ye-parity eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ithebula le-block order kumele lichazwe ngesandla . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka, umugqa nomugqa, idiski equkethe idatha ngayinye noma i-parity block, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulandelana kuyahambisana. Isofthiwe iyakwazisa uma ithola ukungahambisani kuleli thebula ukuze kulungiswe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinguquko.
Isexwayiso esibalulekile ukuthi la ma-RAID angokoqobo ayizinto ezinengqondo ngaphakathi kwesofthiwe : awabhali lutho kumadiski okuqala adalwe ngawo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzame inhlanganisela ehlukene yamapharamitha uze uthole leyo eyakha kabusha uhlelo lwefayela ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokufaka engcupheni yomonakalo owengeziwe.
Ezimweni lapho idiski ebonakalayo ingekho, amanye amathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uyishintshe nge-"idiski engekho" noma ibhulokhi yesikhala esingenalutho, okulingisa ukuziphatha kwe-RAID eyonakele. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ukubuyisa ifayela kube okuthembekile, wonke amapharamitha kumele abe alungile; usayizi webhulokhi owodwa ongalungile noma i-offset engabalwanga kahle ingonakala amafayela akhishwe, yingakho kubalulekile ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobo ze-RAID kanye nokuziphatha kwazo lapho kubhekene nokulahleka kwedatha
Ngale kwamazinga e-RAID ajwayelekile, izinhlelo ze-RAID zanamuhla zisekela izinhlobo eziningi zokucushwa okuhlanganisiwe nokuqondile . Ngayinye iletha izinselele ezihlukile uma kukhulunywa ngokubuyisa idatha ngemva kokwehluleka okukhulu.
Ku-RAID 0 (pure striping), idatha ihlukaniswa ibe ngamaqembu amancane abhalwa ngokulandelana kuwo wonke amadiski ku-array. Umthamo ophelele uyisamba sawo wonke ama-drive, kodwa akukho ukuphindaphinda kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo . Uma enye yamadiski yehluleka, ivolumu yonke iba yinto engasetshenziswa, futhi okuwukuphela kwenketho yokutakula kuhilela amasu athuthukile azama ukwakha kabusha lokho okungenziwa kumadiski asindayo.
I-RAID 1 ihlala igcina amakhophi afanayo ayo yonke idatha kudiski ngayinye esibukweni . Lokhu kulula kuyinzuzo enkulu ezinqubweni zokubuyisa idatha, ngoba uma enye yamadiski ihlala ingashintshiwe, idatha yayo ingafinyelelwa ngqo njengokungathi iyidiski ezimele, noma okuqukethwe kwayo kungakopishwa kudrayivu entsha bese isibuko siphinde sakhiwe kabusha kamuva.
Emazingeni e-RAID njenge-RAID 4 kanye ne-RAID 5, lapho i-parity isatshalaliswa ngendlela ehlukile, umthamo ongasetshenziswa ngokuvamile uyisamba sawo wonke amadiski ngaphandle komthamo we-one kuphela. Isidingo sokwakha kabusha idatha yediski ngokwezibalo kusuka ku-parity yisona esenza kube nzima ukululama lapho ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngokulandelana futhi kulahleka amadiski amaningi kunalokho okuvunyelwe umklamo.
Ukucushwa kwe-Linear noma i-JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) kuhlanganisa amadiski amaningana anobukhulu obufanayo noma obuhlukile ukuze kwakheke iyunithi eyodwa, enkulu nenengqondo ngaphandle kokusabalalisa idatha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Akunikezi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuphawulekayo noma ukuphindaphinda: uma noma iyiphi idiski yehluleka, ukufinyelela kuyo yonke ivolumu kuyalahleka . Ukubuyiselwa esimweni kulezi zimo kuhilela ukusebenza kudiski ngayinye nokwakha kabusha okuqukethwe ngesandla kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingathintekile.
Zonke lezi zimo ziqokomisa ukuthi, noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe bokugcina bungaba buthuthuke kangakanani, ama-backups angaphandle naqinisekisiwe ahlala ebalulekile . I-RAID inciphisa noma iqeda isikhathi sokungasebenzi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okuthile, kodwa ayivikeli ekususweni ngengozi, ukonakala okunengqondo, ukuhlaselwa yi-malware, noma amaphutha okucushwa abhubhisa ulwazi ezingeni lesistimu yamafayela.
Amathiphu ayisihluthulelo okunciphisa izingozi nokuvikela idatha yakho
Isincomo sokuqala, noma ngabe singabonakala sisobala kangakanani, ukugcina inqubomgomo yokusekela njalo enganciki ku-RAID uqobo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaseva, izindawo zokusebenza, ama-smartphone, izinhlelo ze-NAS, nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi lapho kugcinwa khona idatha ebalulekile. Kungale ndlela kuphela, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okukhulu, lapho isevisi ingabuyiselwa khona ngaphandle kokuthembela empumelelweni yokutakula kwe-forensic.
Uma kwenzeka isigameko futhi kungekho khophi engasetshenziswa, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile ukugwema noma yimuphi umzamo wokulungisa i-DIY ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokucacile izinyathelo nemiphumela yazo engaba khona. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulungisa uhlelo lwamafayela, ukuqala ukwakha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, noma ukushintshanisa ama-drive phakathi kwama-bay, kuyalulekwa ukubonisana nochwepheshe bokubuyisa idatha bese ubachazela isimo ngokuningiliziwe.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka izimpawu zokuqala zokwehluleka : amadiski aqala ukubonisa imikhakha ephinde yahlukaniswa, abalawuli abakhiqiza izexwayiso, amalogi esistimu anezexwayiso ze-I/O, ama-array esitoreji aphawula i-array njengeyonakele… Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu ngenxa yobuvila noma ukwesaba ukumisa isevisi ngokuvamile kuyisiqalo sokwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu nokubiza kakhulu.
Okokugcina, uma idatha ibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuba nomhlinzeki wokubuyisa idatha othembekile ohlonziwe kusengaphambili . Uma isikhathi sifika, ukuxhumana ngqo kunciphisa izikhathi zokuphendula, kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imiyalelo enembile kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi kwandisa amathuba okubuyisa idatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqwe ezimweni eziningi kubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yomklamo we-RAID ofanele, ama-backups athembekile, impendulo ezolile yokwehluleka, kanye nokusekelwa kochwepheshe lapho kudingeka yikho okwenza umehluko phakathi kokwesaba okulawulwayo nokulahlekelwa kwedatha okubhubhisayo.
