Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza: izilinganiso, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuqapha

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Ukuze ufinyelele kulelo zinga lekhwalithi, akwanele nje "ukuhlola kancane ngaphambi kokushicilela." Kudinga inhlanganisela yokuqapha okuqhubekayo (i-APM ne-RUM) , ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuklanywe kahle, izilinganiso ezicacile, namathuluzi akwazi ukulingisa konke kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kuya ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwethrafikhi. Futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele kwenziwe ngendlela ehlelekile: ukulinganisa okubaluleke ngempela ebhizinisini nokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela njalo ezinkingeni.

Ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza: ukuthi kuyini, kungani kubalulekile, nokuthi yini esiyilinganisayo

Uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, sibhekisela ekhonweni lohlelo lokusebenza lokuphendula ngokushesha, ukuhlala uzinzile, nokukhula njengoba abasebenzisi noma ivolumu yedatha ikhuphuka, ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza noma ukufaka engcupheni ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Lokhu kusebenza kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, zewebhu, nezedeskithophu , ama-API, amasevisi amancane, kanye nezinhlelo zebhizinisi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isihluthulelo ukukala ngokuhlelekile uchungechunge lwezilinganiso zokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza (ama-KPI) ezikuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luhlangabezana yini nezinhloso zobuchwepheshe nezebhizinisi, futhi uthole ngesikhathi lapho okuthile kuqala ukungahambi kahle, ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi wokugcina akuqaphele noma ama-alamu aqale ukukhala ekukhiqizweni.

Phakathi kwezilinganiso ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza yilezi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU: ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa iprosesa engakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-spikes aveza izibalo ezeqile, ama-loop aklanywe kabi, noma izinqubo ezivimba impendulo.
• ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo: umthamo wememori omatasa, ukubonakala kokuvuza, amaphutha ekhasi noma i-hyperpaging ekhombisa ukuthi uhlelo luchitha isikhathi esiningi luhambisa idatha kunokwenza i-business logic.
• Izicelo ngomzuzu kanye nama-byte ngesicelo ngasinyeLokhu kukhombisa ukuthi zingaki izicelo ezicutshungulwa uhlelo lokusebenza noma i-API nokuthi ingakanani idatha ephathwayo esicelweni ngasinye. Kuyasiza ukubona ukuthi i-backend ikala kanjani nokuthi ivolumu yedatha ngocingo ngalunye ifanelekile yini.
• Ukubambezeleka nesikhathi sokuphendula: kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphendule, kusukela lapho umsebenzisi enza isenzo noma iklayenti lithumela isicelo kuze kube yilapho lithola impendulo ewusizo.
• Isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokutholakala: iphesenti lesikhathi isevisi isebenza futhi isebenza, ngokuvamile iqashwa ngama-ping aphindaphindayo noma ukuhlolwa kokwenziwa.
• Izinga lephutha: isilinganiso sezicelo eziphela ngephutha (amakhodi e-HTTP 4xx/5xx, okuhlukile okungaphathwanga, ukwehluleka kokusebenza).
• Isikolo se-Apdex kanye nokwaneliseka komsebenzisi: inkomba efingqa, ngenani elilodwa, iphesenti labasebenzisi abanelisekile, ababekezelelayo noma abakhungathekile ngokusekelwe ezikhathini zokuphendula.
• Ukusebenza kokuqoqwa kukadoti (GC)Kumapulatifomu anokuphathwa kwememori okuzenzakalelayo (i-Java, i-.NET, i-Android), ukuthi kuchithwa isikhathi esingakanani ku-GC, ukuthi imisa kangaki, nokuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kanye nokugeleza kwayo.
• Izinga lokuphumelela noma ukusebenza: inani lemisebenzi noma izicelo ezicutshungulwe ngeyunithi yesikhathi, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lemali.

Umgomo wokulandelela lezi zilinganiso akusikho ukuqoqa amagrafu: ukuqonda isimo sangempela sohlelo lokusebenza , ukulindela izithiyo, ukubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa, nokubonisa, ngedatha, ukuthi ukulungiswa kunomthelela kokubili kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi kanye nemiphumela yebhizinisi.

Ukuqapha ukusebenza kwe-APM, i-RUM kanye nesikhathi sangempela

Ezindaweni zanamuhla, ezinezakhiwo ezisatshalalisiwe, izitsha, amafu ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezinsizakalo ezincane, cishe akunakwenzeka ukulawula ukusebenza ngaphandle kwethuluzi elihle lokuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza (i-APM) elihlanganiswe namasu okuqapha abasebenzisi bangempela (i-RUM) kanye, ngokuya ngokwanda, izingxenye zokubuka ezithuthukisiwe.

Izixazululo ze-APM/RUM (ezifana nalezo ezivela ku-Elastic, Instana, Applications Manager, Turbonomic ezihlanganiswe ne-APM, njll.) zinikeza ukubonakala kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwalokho okwenzekayo kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza: izikhathi zokuphendula, ukulandelwa okusatshalaliswayo, imibuzo yedathabheyisi, izingcingo zangaphandle, amaphutha kanye nokungafani, okuhlanganiswe nezilinganiso zengqalasizinda.

Ukuqapha Kwabasebenzisi Bangempela (i-RUM) kuthwebula lokho abasebenzisi bangempela abakubonayo: izikhathi zokulayisha isikrini, ukuminyana kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, amaphutha esiphequluli noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, kanye nokubambezeleka okubonwayo kuzo zonke izifunda namadivayisi ahlukene. Lokhu kuhambisana nezilinganiso zokwenziwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu, okubalulekile, kodwa okungathathi indawo yedatha yangempela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapulatifomu e-APM esimanje anikeza izici ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuqapha isikhathi sangempela Ama-KPI ayisihluthulelo: ukutholakala, i-Apdex, izinga lamaphutha, isivinini sokudlulisa, Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza.
• Imikhondo esakazekile ukulandelela ukuthengiselana kumasevisi amancane amaningi, imigqa, izizindalwazi, kanye nezinsizakalo zangaphandle, ukuhlonza isixhumanisi esihamba kancane kakhulu.
• Amamephu okuthembela Amathuluzi azenzakalelayo abonisa ukuthi izinsizakalo, izizindalwazi, imigqa, kanye nezindawo ezingaphambili zihlobene kanjani, okwenza kube lula ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka.
• Ikhodi kanye nephrofayili yemicu ukuthola izindlela, imibuzo ye-SQL, noma izingxenye zekhodi ezisebenzisa i-CPU eningi kakhulu noma ezivimba intambo yesixhumi esibonakalayo.
• Izexwayiso ezihlakaniphile kanye ne-AIOps ezihlanganisa ukufunda komshini kanye nokuhlaziywa kochungechunge lwesikhathi ukuthola okungahambi kahle, ukunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga, kanye nokubeka phambili izehlakalo ezibalulekile.

Ngokuhlanganisa i-APM, i-RUM, kanye nokuqapha okwenziwe, uthola ukubonakala kokusebenza okungu-360-degree : lokho umsebenzisi akubonayo, lokho okwenziwa uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphakathi, kanye nendlela ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo esabela ngayo. Lokhu kuvumela amaqembu e-DevOps kanye ne-ITOps ukuthi asabele ngokushesha ezigamekweni futhi, okungcono nakakhulu, azivimbele.

Izilinganiso zokusebenza ezibalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezewebhu

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezewebhu, ezinye izindlela zokusebenza zibucayi kakhulu ngoba zithinta ngqo umbono womsebenzisi kanye nempumelelo yomkhiqizo. Ukuqapha eduze lezi zinkomba kwenza umehluko phakathi kohlelo lokusebenza oluheha abasebenzisi kanye nolukhishwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwesibili.

Elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile kuselula ukubambezeleka kokuqaliswa kohlelo lokusebenza , okungukuthi, isikhathi esidlula kusukela lapho umsebenzisi ethinta isithonjana (noma isaziso) kuze kube yilapho ebona idatha ewusizo esikrinini. Izinhlobo eziningana zingahlukaniswa:

• Ukuqala okubandayoUhlelo lokusebenza alukho enkumbulweni; uhlelo kumele ludale inqubo, lulayishe ikhodi, luqalise amalabhulali, futhi lubonise isikrini sokuqala.
• Ukuqala okufudumele kancaneInqubo ikhona, kodwa umsebenzi uvuselelwa noma ubuyiselwe esimweni esithile.
• Ukuqala Okushisayo: udinga nje ukuvuselela umbono wakho noma umsebenzi wakho we-resume, ngaphandle komsebenzi owengeziwe.

Njengereferensi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhlose izikhathi zokuqalisa ezibandayo ezingaphansi kwama-500 ms, njengoba lokhu kuzosondeza ama-latency e-p95 kanye ne-p99 (ama-percentile aphezulu kakhulu) eduze ne-median. Uma abanye abasebenzisi belinda imizuzwana embalwa kuyilapho abanye bevula uhlelo lokusebenza ngesigamu sesekhondi, kukhona okungahambanga kahle.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuskrola kanye nokuqandisa isikhombimsebenzisi . Ezikrinini ezihambayo (okuphakelayo, uhlu, amagalari), abasebenzisi balindela ukugeleza okuphelele. Lapho uhlelo lwehluleka ukukhiqiza ozimele ngesilinganiso sokuvuselela sedivayisi (60 Hz, 90 Hz, noma ngisho ne-120 Hz), ukuguguleka kanye nokuguguleka kwenzeka. Lokhu "kuguguleka" kwenzeka lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luthatha isikhathi eside kunobude befreyimu (isibonelo, ngaphezu kwe-16,7 ms ku-60 FPS) ukuze luveze okuqukethwe.

Ngaphezu kokuguquguquka, izinguquko zesikrini kumele ziqashwe ngokucophelela . Ukushintsha amathebhu, ukuvula imininingwane ohlwini, noma ukubonisa ingxoxo kufanele kube ngokushesha, kube nokugqwayiza okubushelelezi futhi kungabi nezikrini ezingenalutho ezikhazimulayo noma ezinde.

Ngemuva, kodwa okubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Imisebenzi engadingekile, ukwabiwa kwememori okukhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU okunamandla kunciphisa impilo yebhethri futhi kubangele ukuthi idivayisi ishise ngokweqile. I-Android Runtime (ART) ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kodwa uma iluphu yangaphakathi yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza idala izinkulungwane zezinto ezintsha ngomzuzwana, izindleko zokwabiwa kanye nokuqoqwa kukadoti zizobonakala.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga zokusebenza

Ukuze ugweme ukuthembela enhlanhleni, kuyasiza kakhulu ukusungula indlela yokusebenza ehlelekile yokuhlaziya ukusebenza ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe ngesandla elebhu kanye nokuqoqwa kwezilinganiso ezihlanganisiwe ekukhiqizweni. Indlela evamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo:

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlonza uhambo olubalulekile lomsebenzisi , okungukuthi, ukugeleza okunomthelela omkhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nebhizinisi:

• Ukuqaliswa njalo kohlelo lokusebenza (isithonjana, izaziso, izixhumanisi ezijulile).
• Isikrini esinokuskrola okuqhubekayo phezu kwenani elikhulu ledatha.
• Ukushintsha okubalulekile phakathi kwemibono nemisebenzi.
• Ukuhamba okude njengokuphequlula, ukudlala umsindo/ividiyo, ukukhokha, njll.

Uma sezichaziwe, ziyasetshenziswa futhi zihlaziywe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okulandelela nokulandelela njengePerfetto noma iSystrace ukuze kubonwe ukuthi idivayisi yenzani ngokunemba kwe-microsecond, ama-generator ephrofayili yememori ukuthola ukuvuza kanye nezindawo zokusabalalisa, noma amathuluzi afana neSimpleperf ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi edla i-CPU eningi.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza okuningiliziwe kudinga ukulungisa amaphutha okusebenza ngakunye kwale mizila, kuphinde kukhiqizwe izinkinga ngendlela elawulwayo. Ukuhlaziya idatha ehlanganisiwe kubalulekile ekutholeni amaphethini kanye nokubuyela emuva, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezimpawu ezithile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyalulekwa ukusetha ukuqoqwa kwe-metric okuqhubekayo ezindaweni zokuhlola ezenzakalelayo kanye nasekukhiqizweni: izikhathi zokuqalisa, amazinga okuvimba, ama-metric ozimele (isibonelo, nge-FrameMetricsAggregator ku-Android), ama-metric ensimu ye-Play Console, ukuskrola ama-macro-benchmarks, njll. Lawa ma-metric akuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuhlukahluka kwangempela phakathi kwamadivayisi, izinguqulo ze-OS, kanye nezimo zenethiwekhi.

Izilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza nesistimu zokulinganisa okunembile

Enye yezingibe ezivame kakhulu ukulinganisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenakwenzeka. Ukuze imiphumela ibe usizo, kokubili i-APK kanye nohlelo kumele kulungiselelwe ngokucophelela, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo yokuhlola ifana nokukhiqiza ngenkathi kulawulwa umsindo.

Ngasohlangothini lohlelo lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukungalingani ngokwakhiwa kwe-debug . Izinhlobo zokulungisa iphutha zengeza amasheke, amalogi, namafulegi ashintsha kakhulu izikhathi zokusebenza. Ku-Android 10+, ungasebenzisa isici esithi `profileable android:shell="true"` ku-manifest ukuze unike amandla ukwenza iphrofayili ngokwakhiwa kokukhishwa, ugcine ukuziphatha okucishe kube ngokoqobo.

Kunconywa futhi ukusebenzisa ukunciphisa ikhodi yokukhiqiza (i-ProGuard, i-R8, njll.), njengoba usayizi wekhodi kanye nokuhleleka kwenza umehluko obonakalayo ekusebenzeni. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ubukeze imithetho: ezinye izilungiselelo zingasusa amaphuzu okulandelela abalulekile ekulinganisweni, futhi lokhu kuzodingeka kulungiswe ngenguqulo yokuhlola.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa, kubalulekile ukuletha uhlelo lokusebenza esimweni esaziwayo, ngokuvamile nangokucacile imodi yesivinini noma imodi yephrofayili yesivinini . Kokubili kunciphisa inani lekhodi elihunyushwe kusuka ku-DeX kanye nesidingo sokuhlanganiswa kwe-JIT yangemuva, okuqinisa imiphumela. Imodi yephrofayili yesivinini izama ukufana kakhulu nokuziphatha kokukhiqiza kwangempela, kodwa idinga "ukufudumeza" uhlelo lokusebenza nokuphatha amaphrofayili (isibonelo, amaphrofayili ase-Baseline).

Ngokombono wesistimu, lapho kudingeka izilinganiso zokuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu (ama-micro-benchmarks), kuvamile ukulinganisa idivayisi : sebenzisa izivivinyo ze-A/B kutheminali efanayo kanye nenguqulo ye-OS, setha amaza e-CPU/GPU, khubaza ama-cores amancane noma ukukhawulelwa kokushisa ngezikripthi ezifana nama-lockClocks, njll. Lokhu akumeleli umhlaba wangempela, kodwa kunciphisa umsindo wezimo ezithile kakhulu.

Ukuze kulinganiswe eduze kolwazi lomsebenzisi (ukuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri, ukuphahlazeka kwe-UI) kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinhlaka zokuhlola ezifana ne-Macrobenchmark , ezenza ngokuzenzakalelayo eziningi zalezi zinyathelo futhi zigweme amaphutha okucushwa abucayi kodwa abucayi.

Amaphethini ajwayelekile ezinkinga zokusebenza

Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlaziywa kahle, kuvela amaphethini athile ezinkinga aphindaphindayo okufanele aziwe, ngoba ngokuvamile kunezixazululo ezicacile uma zitholakala ngesikhathi.

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukuqala kancane ngenxa yomsebenzi we-jumper . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho, ngemva kwenhloso yokuqala (isithonjana, isaziso, isixhumanisi esijulile), umsebenzi ophakathi uqaliswa ongadwebi noma yimaphi amafreyimu, bese kuqala umsebenzi "wangempela". Kuma-traces, lokhu kuvela njengemicimbi emibili elandelanayo ethi `activityStart` engenamsebenzi obonakalayo phakathi. Lokhu "kugxuma" kunezela ukubambezeleka kokuqala ngaphandle kokunikeza noma yiliphi inani. Isixazululo ngokuvamile sihilela ukuphinda uqalise kube yinto engasetshenziswa kabusha noma ukuyihlanganisa ngqo emsebenzini oyinhloko.

Esinye isibonelo esivamile ukwabiwa okungadingekile okubangela ukuqoqwa kukadoti . Uma amaphrofayili e-Systrace noma ememori ebonisa imijikelezo ye-GC esebenza njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ikhodi ephindaphindayo futhi ehlala ibeka izinto ngaphakathi kwezihibe ezijulile. Isixazululo akusikho ukususa yonke into entsha, kodwa ukubhekana nezindawo ezishisayo, ukusebenzisa kabusha izakhiwo noma ukusebenzisa amaphethini okuhlanganisa lapho kufanele.

Amafreyimu anokuvimba nawo avame ukutholakala kuphayiphi yehluzo . Ngokulandelela okunempilo, izingcingo eziya ku-Choreographer.doFrame() zenzeka nge-cadence evamile (isibonelo, njalo nge-16,7 ms). Ukusondeza ezindaweni ezinale cadence kungaveza imibono ebizayo, izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, imisebenzi ye-I/O esebenza ku-UI thread, noma i-RecyclerViews engalungiselelwanga kahle.

I-RecyclerView ingumthombo wezinkinga eziningi: ukwenza isethi yedatha yonke isebenze nge-`notifyDataSetChanged()` lapho kunezinto ezimbalwa kuphela ezishintshile, ukungamisi kahle amachibi okubuka asetshenziswe kabusha kuma-RecyclerViews afakwe ngaphakathi, noma ukungenzi ukulandelela idatha okwanele lapho ufika ekugcineni kohlu. Konke lokhu kuphumela ekunikezelweni okubizayo, ukugxuma kokuskrola, kanye nezikhathi zokulinda ezibonakalayo zomsebenzisi.

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: izinhlobo, izinyathelo, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu

Ngaphandle kokuqapha umkhiqizo, noma yiliphi isu elibalulekile lidinga uhlelo oluqinile lokuhlola ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Lokhu kuhlola kukuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise amandla, ukuzinza, kanye nokukhula ngaphambi kokuveza abasebenzisi ezinguqukweni noma ekukhishweni okusha.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa, ngayinye inenhloso yayo ethile:

• Layisha izivivinyoBahlola ukuziphatha kohlelo lokusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo obikezelwe wabasebenzisi noma ukuthengiselana, balinganisa izikhathi zokuphendula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ukuze bathole izithiyo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindeziBasunduza uhlelo ngale kwemingcele yalo evamile ukuze babone ukuthi lungasunduzwa kangakanani, ukuthi lwehluleka kanjani, nokuthi luzolulama kanjani. Bayisihluthulelo sokuhlela amandla kanye nokuphatha iziqongo zohlobo lwe-Black Friday.
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazela/ukucwilisaBagcina umthwalo oqhubekayo amahora noma izinsuku ukuze bathole izinkinga zokuwohloka kancane kancane, ukuvuza kwenkumbulo, noma ukuncipha kwezinsizakusebenza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-peakZilingisa ukwanda okungazelelwe nokuphindaphindwayo komthwalo (isb., imikhankaso, ukuqaliswa kwezici, ukusakazwa bukhoma) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nengqalasizinda kungaphatha izinguquko ezingazelelwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwevolumuBahlaziya indlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluziphatha ngayo lapho inani labasebenzisi landa kakhulu. inani ledatha (usayizi wesizindalwazi, amafayela, imiyalezo), ukuqinisekisa izikhathi zokuphendula, ukuthembeka kwesitoreji kanye nokulahleka kwedatha.
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhulaBahlola ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphendula kanjani lapho umthwalo ukhushulwa kancane kancane, nokuthi ngabe ukukala ngokuvundlile noma ngokuvundlile kukhiqiza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okulindelekile.

Inqubo evamile yokuhlola ukusebenza ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana ezihlukene. Okokuqala, ukuhlaziywa kwezimfuneko : ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi zokuphendula, izilinganiso zokudlula, amazinga okutholakala, kanye nemikhawulo yamaphutha eyamukelekayo ebhizinisini. Bese kuba isigaba sokuhlela nesokuhlela lapho kuchazwa khona ububanzi bezivivinyo, indawo, amathuluzi, kanye nezilinganiso okufanele ziqashwe.

Okulandelayo, amacala okuhlola aklanyelwe ukumboza izimo ezahlukene zomthwalo, izimo zenethiwekhi, kanye nobuningi bedatha; indawo yokuhlola iyahlelwa (ihadiwe, isofthiwe, inethiwekhi, amathuluzi okufaka umthwalo kanye nokuqapha); futhi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa, kuqoqwa ngokucophelela idatha yokusebenza.

Isigaba esibalulekile ukuqapha nokuhlaziya : ukuhlanganisa izikhathi zokuphendula nokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi ngamazinga amaphutha, ukwanda kwethrafikhi ngokugcwala ngokweqile kwedathabheyisi, njalo njalo. Ngemva kokubhala okutholakele emibikweni ecacile yababambiqhaza, inqubo iqhubekela ekwenzeni ngcono nokuhlola kabusha : ikhodi, ukucushwa, noma izinsiza kuyalungiswa, futhi ukuhlolwa kuyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho ukuthuthukiswa sekuqinisekisiwe.

Amathuluzi nezinhlaka zokuhlola ukusebenza

Ukuze usebenzise konke okungenhla, kubalulekile ukuthembela kumathuluzi athile okuhlola ukusebenza , kokubili umthombo ovulekile kanye nowezentengiselwano, ahlanganisa ukuzenzekela, ukukhiqiza umthwalo, ukuqapha, kanye nokuhlaziya. Ezinye izigaba ezifanele yilezi:

• Amathuluzi omthombo ovulekileAmaphrojekthi afana ne-Apache JMeter, i-Gatling, i-k6, i-Locust, i-Taurus, i-nGrinder, noma izinhlaka zokuhlola ezisebenzayo (i-JUnit, i-XCTest, i-Appium) ezinwetshiwe ngezimo zokusebenza zivumela ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlola ezinamandla kakhulu ezinezindleko eziphansi zelayisensi.
• Ukuhlolwa komthwalo wezentengiselwano kanye namathuluzi e-APMIzixazululo ezifana ne-WebLOAD, i-LoadNinja, i-NeoLoad, i-LoadView, i-BlazeMeter, i-Rational Performance Tester, i-Silk Performer, i-Eggplant, i-CloudTest noma i-Parasoft zinikeza izindawo ezihlanganisiwe ngokukhiqizwa komthwalo okusekelwe efwini, ukubika okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusekelwa kochwepheshe.
• Izixazululo ezikhethekile nezibonakalayoImikhiqizo efana ne-Applications Manager, i-Instana, i-Dynatrace, i-IBM Turbonomic, noma amapulatifomu okuqapha inethiwekhi afana ne-SolarWinds, agxile ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo, ekutholeni okungafani, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, ingqalasizinda, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
• Amathuluzi aqondene nepulatifomuNgokwesibonelo, endabeni ye-Android, amathuluzi anjenge-Perfetto, i-System Tracing, i-Android Studio Memory Profiler, i-Simpleperf, i-Systrace noma i-Play Console frame metrics, avumela ukuhlaziywa okuhle kakhulu kokuziphatha kweleveli yesistimu.

Uma ukhetha phakathi kweyodwa noma enye, kuyalulekwa ukucabangela izici ezifana nokulula kokusebenzisa, ukusekelwa kwezinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe, ukukhuliswa, ukuhlanganiswa ne-CI/CD , imodeli yelayisensi, ukunwetshwa, kanye nekhwalithi yokusekelwa (ukusekelwa komphakathi noma kwezentengiselwano). Futhi akuvamile ukuhlanganisa eziningana: eyodwa yokukhiqiza umthwalo, enye ye-APM, kanye nenye yokubhekwa kwengqalasizinda.

Ngamafuphi, ukuhlaziya nokuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza kudinga inhlanganisela yezilinganiso ezikhethwe kahle, amathuluzi afanele, kanye nokuzithiba ezinqubweni zokuhlola, kodwa umphumela ungaphezu kokwenza: izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo, ezizinzile, nezisebenza kahle , abasebenzisi abanelisekile, izehlakalo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza, futhi, vele, umthelela omuhle oqondile edumeleni lomkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo.

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