Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-Docker kanye ne-container: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokusebenza

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-Docker kanye ne-container: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokusebenza

Kule migqa elandelayo, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuguqula ukufakwa kwe-Docker yakho ibe yindawo esheshayo, elula, ephephile, futhi elula ukuyiphatha . Yenzelwe kokubili onjiniyela abancane kanye nochwepheshe be-DevOps abanolwazi abafuna ukubuyekeza imikhuba emihle kakhulu, amamethrikhi ayisihluthulelo, amathiphu namaqhinga e-Dockerfile, ukuxhumana, isitoreji, ukuqapha, kanye nemiyalo ewusizo eyenza umehluko wangempela ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.

Kungani ukwenza ngcono i-Docker kufanelekile ukusunduza kuze kube semkhawulweni

Isithembiso sikaDocker sicacile: upakisha uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nakho konke olukudingayo futhi ulusebenzisa ngendlela efanayo noma kuphi, kodwa ukuze ufeze lokho ngokusebenza okuhle, udinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela indlela owakha, oqhuba, futhi oqapha ngayo izitsha zakho . Umehluko phakathi kwendlela engenalwazi nengcono ungaba mkhulu kakhulu.

Esimweni sangempela esibhaliwe, ukusetshenziswa okungalungiswanga kahle kwathuthukiswa kancane kancane, okwaholela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokwakha okuphindwe ka-36 kanye nokwehla kosayizi wesithombe okuphindwe ka-42 . Konke lokhu kwakungenxa yezinqumo ezinjengokukhetha isithombe esiyisisekelo esingcono, ukusebenzisa kangcono i-cache, ukuhlela kabusha izendlalelo, kanye nokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwezigaba eziningi. Akukho magic amnyama ahilelekile, kusetshenziswe kahle imikhuba emihle kuphela.

Ukwenza ngcono akukhona nje ngesivinini: futhi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphansi kwe-CPU ne-RAM ku-VPS yakho, ithrafikhi encane yenethiwekhi lapho udonsa/ucindezela izithombe , izikhathi zokuqalisa ezisheshayo, indawo encane yokuhlasela, kanye nomjikelezo we-CI/CD osebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, umthelela oqondile ezindlekweni, ukuthembeka, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ye-Docker elungiselelwe kahle ilungele kangcono amapulatifomu e-VPS namafu asevele eza namathuluzi okuqapha, isitoreji se-SSD, kanye namanethiwekhi okubambezeleka okuphansi . Uthola okuningi engqalasizinda yakho ngaphandle kokudinga ukukhulisa kakhulu njalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ye-Docker elungiselelwe kahle ilungele kangcono amapulatifomu e-VPS namafu asevele eza namathuluzi okuqapha, isitoreji se-SSD, kanye namanethiwekhi okubambezeleka okuphansi . Uthola okuningi engqalasizinda yakho ngaphandle kokudinga ukukhulisa kakhulu njalo.

Izindlela ezibalulekile zokulinganisa ukusebenza kweziqukathi zakho

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukulungisa ama-Dockerfiles noma amapharamitha e-daemon, udinga ukucaca ngalokho ozokulinganisa nokuthi uzokwazi kanjani ukuthi empeleni wenza intuthuko . Ngaphandle kwama-metric, akunakwenzeka ukuthola izithiyo noma ukuqinisekisa umphumela wezinguquko zakho.

Kuma-Docker containers, ama-metric ayisisekelo okufanele uwaqaphele yi -CPU, imemori, i-disk I/O, inethiwekhi, kanye nesikhathi sokuqalisa . Ukusuka lapho, ungangena emininingwaneni yezinga lesicelo (ukubambezeleka, ukudlula, amaphutha, njll.).

Ezinye izindlela ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwe-Docker ezibalulekile okufanele zilandelwe zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU ngesitsha ngasinye, ukusetshenziswa kwememori ye-RAM kanye nokushintshana , imisebenzi yokufunda/yokubhala yesitoreji, i-bandwidth yenethiwekhi, amaphakethe ngomzuzwana, kanye nesikhathi esithathayo ukuze isitsha sisebenze ngemva kokuqaliswa.

Ukuze uqoqe lolu lwazi, unamathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezixazululo zokubuka ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu onazo. Ezingeni lekhonsoli, umyalo docker stats Ibonisa izibalo zesikhathi sangempela zeziqukathi ezisebenzayo. Ukuze kujule kakhulu, i-cAdvisor iveza izibalo ezinemininingwane ngesiqukathi ngasinye kanye I-Prometheus, ihlanganiswe ne-Grafana, iyindinganiso yangempela yokwakha amadeshibhodi, izexwayiso, kanye nochungechunge lwesikhathi kuyo yonke imvelo.

Amapulatifomu amaningi e-VPS anamuhla manje ahlanganisa amadeshibhodi nama-metric e-Docker, izexwayiso, namagrafu alungele ukusetshenziswa , okunciphisa kakhulu isithiyo sokungena ukuze kuqashwe ngokujulile. Kuvamile ukuthola amadeshibhodi abonisa i-CPU, i-RAM, idiski, ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi, kanye nesimo sesitsha ngqo kuphaneli yokulawula yeseva.

Izithombe ze-Docker: kusukela ezilo ze-gigabyte kuya ezakhiweni ezilula neziphephile

Isisekelo sokusebenza kahle kwesitsha ukuba nezithombe eziklanywe kahle: ezincane, ezingaphindaphindwa, futhi ezilula ukuzibuyekeza . Yilapho isikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukisa sivame ukuba khona, futhi lapho izinguquko zizuzisa khona kakhulu.

Isithombe esigcwele amathuluzi okwakha, ama-package cache, namafayela esikhashana singadlula kalula i-gigabyte eyodwa , kuyilapho ngokusebenzisa amasu afanele ungasinciphisa sibe ama-megabyte ambalwa nje. Isibonelo esikhulume ngaso ekuqaleni sisuke ku-1,42 GB saya cishe ku-34 MB ngemva kokusebenzisa konke ukulungiswa.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kubonise ngokucacile ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sanezela kanjani inani: khetha isithombe esithile nesilula Kunciphise isikhathi sokwakha kusuka kumasekhondi angaphezu kwama-350 kuya kumasekhondi angaphezu kwama-38; ukusebenzisa i-layer caching kwehlisele kumasekhondi angama-24; ukuhlela kabusha ama-layer kwalungisa kwaba cishe amasekhondi ayi-18; ukuhlela kabusha ngendlela efanele COPY Kwehle kwaba cishe imizuzwana eyi-10, futhi ekugcineni, ukwakhiwa kwezigaba eziningi kwenze isikhathi sagcinwa cishe imizuzwana eyi-10, kodwa nge usayizi wesithombe sokugcina ongu-34 MB kuphela.

Konke lokhu kusekelwe emibonweni eminingana ebalulekile: ukusebenzisa izithombe ezincane eziyisisekelo (i-Alpine, i-Debian Slim, i-Scratch)Hlukanisa ngokusobala ukwakheka nesikhathi sokusebenza, nciphisa inani lezendlalelo, susa ukuncika kanye nezinqolobane kungqimba efanayo lapho zidalwe khona, bese usebenzisa okuhle .dockerignore ukugwema ukulayisha imfucuza kumongo wokwakha.

Amathuluzi afana ne -DockerSlim noma i-dive asiza ekuhlaziyeni okungaphakathi kwesendlalelo ngasinye, sibone ukuthi yini ethatha isikhala, futhi siqonde ukuthi kungani isithombe silingana nosayizi waso. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuhlanganisa isithwebuli sokuphepha (i-Docker Scan, i-Trivy, njll.) emsebenzini wakho wokusebenza ukuze uthole ubuthakathaka ezithombeni eziyisisekelo kanye nokuncika.

Indlela yokukhetha nokuhlela izithombe zesitsha esiyisisekelo

Elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile lapho uqala nge-Docker ukusebenzisa izithombe ezijwayelekile nezisindayo kuyo yonke into: ugcwalise i-Ubuntu noma i-Debian ngezinsizakalo ezingahlala kahle entweni encane kakhulu.

Kumasevisi alula kakhulu noma ama-microservices enza umsebenzi othize kakhulu, i-Alpine Linux, engaba ngu-5-6 MB , iyindlela enhle kakhulu . Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula, yize isebenzisa i-musl esikhundleni se-glibc, ngezinye izikhathi edinga ukulungiswa okuncane kwamanye amalabhulali.

Uma udinga indawo ephakathi kosayizi kanye nokulula, i-Debian Slim (cishe i-60-70 MB) imvamisa iyisinqumo esilinganiselayo kakhulu: amaphakheji amaningi atholakalayo kune-Alpine, kodwa ngaphandle kokusabalalisa okuphelele.

Kuma-binary angaguquki kanye nezinsizakalo ezivaliwe kakhulu, ungaya phambili nakakhulu nge -Scratch, okuyisithombe esingenalutho ngokoqobo . Ungeza kuphela i-binary yakho ehlanganisiwe kanye nobuncane obudingekayo ukuze isebenze, okuholela kusayizi omncane, ngezindleko zokwakha yonke into ngokwakho.

Uma ukhetha isithombe esiyisisekelo, ngale kosayizi ophelele, kufanele futhi ucabangele imvamisa yokubuyekezwa kokuphepha, ukuhambisana kokuxhomekeka okusebenzisayo ( imitapo yolwazi yesistimu , amathuluzi okwakha, njll.) kanye nemikhawulo yezinsizakusebenza zemvelo lapho uzosebenzisa khona (isibonelo, i-VPS encane).

Izendlalelo, ukwakhiwa kwezigaba eziningi, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-cache

Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe sesitsha kusekelwe ezingqimbeni ezingaguquki ezibekwe phezu komunye nomunye, kanye nesendlalelo esiphezulu esibhalwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza lapho kugcinwa khona izinguquko zesitsha. Ukuqonda lokhu kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono kokubili usayizi kanye nezikhathi zokwakha.

Singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zezendlalelo: isendlalelo sesisekelo esinamafayela esistimu yokusebenza, isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza esinekhodi yakho , isendlalelo sokuncika (amalabhulali, izikhathi zokusebenza, amaphakheji), kanye nesendlalelo sokucushwa. Isendlalelo sesisekelo kanye nesendlalelo sokuncika kunomthelela omkhulu kusayizi.

Isu elihle lihilela hlanganisa imiyalo ibe yinye RUN ukubopha ngentambo &&Ngale ndlela, udala izendlalelo ezimbalwa futhi uhlanza konke okungeke kudingeke kamuva (izinqolobane zomphathi wephakheji, amafayela esikhashana, njll.) ngesinyathelo esifanayo. Uma unezintathu RUN Uma ulandela lezo ezingahlanganiswa, cishe udala izendlalelo ezengeziwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwezigaba eziningi kudlala indima ebalulekile: esigabeni sokuqala (umakhi) ufaka wonke amathuluzi okwakha, ama-SDK kanye nokuncika okudingekayo ukukhiqiza i-artifact (ama-binaries, ama-front bundles, njll.), kanti esigabeni sesibili ukopisha kuphela umphumela wesithombe esilula kakhulu esihloselwe ukwenziwa kuphela, futhi kufanelekile ukucabangela ezinye izikhathi zokusebenza njenge-Podman.

Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ube nesithombe sokugcina esihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwama-toolchain noma ama-library okuthuthukisa , futhi futhi usebenzise i-layer caching ngendlela ehlakaniphile: uma ukuncika kwesistimu kungashintshi, ungqimba oluqukethe luphinde lusetshenziswe futhi izingxenye ezishintshile ngempela (ngokuvamile ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza) zakhiwa kabusha.

Ukuphathwa kwe-CPU kanye nememori: Ungavumeli noma yisiphi isitsha sidle i-VPS yakho

Uma izithombe sezilawulwa kakhulu, isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile ukulungiselela indlela i-Docker eyabela ngayo i-CPU ne-RAM phakathi kweziqukathi . Uma ungabeki imingcele, isevisi ye-rogue ingalayisha kakhulu i-host futhi yehlise okusele.

Ezingeni le-CPU, i-Docker inikeza amathuluzi amaningana: ungachaza ama-quota e-CPU ahlobene ukuze ezinye izitsha zibe nezinsiza eziningi kunezinye , usethe imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa ephezulu, futhi unikeze izitsha kuma-core athile usebenzisa amasethi e-CPU. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kumasevisi abalulekile noma uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa umthwalo wemisebenzi osindayo.

Unezinkumbulo ezilandelayo: imikhawulo eqinile (--memory) ukuvimbela isitsha ukuthi singadluli inani elithile le-RAM, ukubhukha (--memory-reservation) ukuqinisekisa ubuncane bezinsizakalo ezibalulekile kanye namapharamitha okushintshana ukuze kuvinjelwe idiski ukuthi ingafakwanga kahle.

Imikhuba emihle eyisisekelo kule ndawo ihlanganisa ukuqapha njalo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngesitsha ngasinye , ukusebenzisa imikhawulo efanelekile kumasevisi angabalulekile, nokushiya umkhawulo othile kumphathi ukuze agweme ukuwusebenzisa njalo ngomthwalo ongu-100%.

Uma ukwakheka kwakho kukhula ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi, amathuluzi okuhlanganisa afana ne-Docker Swarm noma i-Kubernetes avumela ukuphathwa kwezinsiza okuthuthuke kakhulu: ukubhukha, iziqinisekiso, imikhawulo nge-pod ngayinye, ukukala ngokuzenzakalela okuvundlile, kanye nezinqubomgomo zesevisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kunalezo zomsingathi oyedwa, olula.

Amanethiwekhi e-Docker: Ukubambezeleka, Amamodi Enethiwekhi, kanye Nokutholwa Kwesevisi

Ukuxhumana kuvame ukunganakwa kuze kube yilapho kuvela izinkinga zokubambezeleka, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, noma izithiyo phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezincane. I-Docker inikeza abalawuli benethiwekhi abaningana abathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweziqukathi zakho.

Imodi yebhuloho iyindlela ezenzakalelayo: izitsha zabelana ngebhuloho elibonakalayo, zihlukaniswe nomsingathi, futhi zivezwa ngamachweba ahlelwe. Ezindaweni ezilula, lokhu kuvame ukuphelela, kodwa kungaletha okunye okungaphezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodi ye-Host isusa leso sendlalelo futhi yenze isitsha sibelane nge-network stack ye-host. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa imali futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinye izimo ezinabantu abaningi, ngezindleko zokuhlukanisa.

Uma udinga ukuxhumana ngeziqukathi ezihlala kuma-node ahlukene e-Docker, amanethiwekhi e-overlay kanye nabashayeli abanjengoMacvlan bayadlala , okukuvumela ukuthi unikeze isiqukathi ngasinye ikheli laso le-MAC futhi usenze sibonakale njengenye idivayisi ebonakalayo kunethiwekhi.

Ukuze ube ne-oda elithile, into efanelekile ukudala Amanethiwekhi ebhuloho enziwe ngokwezifiso zamaqembu esevisi ahlobene (isibonelo, i-backend kanye nedathabheyisi), lungisa isixazululo se-DNS usebenzisa inketho --dns uma kudingeka, futhi ube nohlelo lokuthola isevisi (iSwarm, iConsul, njll.) olukuvimbela ukuthi ulwe nama-IP ngesandla.

Isitoreji kanye ne-I/O: Amavolumu, Abashayeli, kanye Nokusebenza Kwediski

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifunda futhi zibhala idatha eningi zizwela kakhulu indlela olungiselela ngayo isitoreji se-Docker, amavolumu, kanye nesishayeli sesitoreji esisetshenziswayo . Lokhu kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ezimweni eziningi, umshayeli onconywayo namuhla yi -overlay2 , okunikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokuzinza nokusebenza. Ezinye ezifana ne-DeviceMapper noma i-AUFS zigcinelwe izindawo ezithile noma ezidala, futhi kufanelekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukuthi uyazidinga ngempela yini.

Ukuze uthole idatha eqhubekayo, indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu ukusebenzisa amavolumu e-Docker esikhundleni se-bind mounts. Amavolumu ngokuvamile asebenza kangcono, kulula ukuwagcina futhi awathuthe, futhi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuma-host ahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ngedatha yesikhashana edinga ukucutshungulwa ngokushesha (ama-cache, amafayela esikhashana, njll.), icebo eliwusizo kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindunduma tmpfsezigcina lolo lwazi ngqo enkumbulweni futhi zinciphise ingcindezi kudiski.

Ungathuthukisa futhi izinto ngoku-oda imiyalelo kufayela lakho le-Docker ukuze usebenzise kakhulu i-layer cache, unciphise inani le-disk writes , futhi usebenzise amasu e-I/O throttling ezitsheni eziqinile kakhulu ukuze uzivimbele ekusebenziseni yonke i-bandwidth kudiski ye-VPS.

Ukuqapha, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi wokugcina

Indawo ye-Docker engenakho ukubonwa okuhle iyibhokisi elimnyama. Ukuze usebenze ngokuzethemba, udinga ukuqapha kokubili okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kweziqukathi kanye nalokho umsebenzisi akubonayo ngaphandle.

Sesivele sikhulume ngoPrometheus, uGrafana, u-cAdvisor kanye nomyalo docker statsezimboza kahle kakhulu izibalo zobuchwepheshe zangaphakathi (i-CPU, inkumbulo, ukubambezeleka kwangaphakathi, njll.). Kulokhu, kuyalulekwa ukwengeza i-register stack efana ne- I-ELK (i-Elasticsearch, i-Logstash, i-Kibana) noma izixazululo ezifanayo ze-SaaS zokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya izingodo ngezinga.

Umyalo docker events Kungumsizi omuhle kakhulu wokulungisa amaphutha: kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi i-Docker daemon yenzani (iyaqala, iyamisa, yenza amaphutha, iqala kabusha) bese uyibhekisa ku-metrics nama-log akho.

Ukuze ukhiphe ukungcola okuqondile esitsheni esithile, ungasebenzisa docker inspect ukuze ubone ukucushwa kwayo okuningiliziwe, docker exec -it ukufaka igobolondo bese uhlola endaweni ukuthi kwenzekani noma docker network inspect ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuxhumana.

Ngale kombono wangaphakathi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuqapha angaphandle okwenziwa alingisa ukuziphatha kwabasebenzisi bangempela abavela ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe . Amapulatifomu afana ne-Dotcom-Monitor akuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukutholakala, izikhathi zokuphendula, kanye namazinga empumelelo yokuthengiselana, okunikeza umbono ophelele ohambisana kahle ne-Prometheus nezinhlelo ezifanayo.

Ukuphepha, imikhuba emihle kakhulu, kanye nemiyalo ye-Docker ozoyisebenzisa nsuku zonke

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuphepha kufana nokuzidubula onyaweni. Imikhuba eminingi emihle ye-Docker ihlanganisa zombili lezi zici: izithombe ezincane zisho indawo encane yokuhlasela ; ukuncika okumbalwa kusho ubuthakathaka obuncane obungaba khona.

Ezinye izincomo eziyisisekelo: sebenzisa ama-Dockerfile linters ukuthola amaphethini ayingozi , gwema ukusebenzisa izinqubo njengezimpande ngaphakathi kwesitsha noma nini lapho kungenzeka, skena izithombe njalo ukuze uthole ubuthakathaka, futhi uthembele ezithombeni ezisemthethweni nezigcinwe ngokusebenzayo.

Kunconywa futhi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izibuyekezo zesithombe eziyisisekelo kumapayipi akho e-CI/CD, ufake ukuskena kokuphepha njengesinyathelo sokuhambisa esiyimpoqo , bese uvimba ukwakheka okuqukethe ubuthakathaka obubalulekile. Kungcono kakhulu ukumisa ukuthunyelwa ngesikhathi kunokuphatha isigameko sokukhiqiza ngenxa ye-CVE eyaziwayo.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, ibhokisi lamathuluzi eliyisisekelo le-Docker lifaka phakathi kusuka ku- docker --version y docker info ukuthola ukuthi yini oyifakile up docker pull ukulanda izithombe, docker run ukuqalisa izitsha ezisebenzisanayo noma zangemuva, kanye docker ps / docker ps -a ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izitsha ezisebenzayo noma ezingasebenzi.

Ukuze wakhe izithombe zakho uzosebenza ngazo njalo docker build -t kanye nama-Dockerfiles aguquliwe endaweni yakho yokugcina izintoUkuphatha izitsha esezivele zisebenza, docker stop, docker start, docker restart, docker logs y docker exec -it Zibalulekile.

Uma ufuna ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuphikelela nokuxhumana, imiyalo efana nale iyasetshenziswa. docker volume create y docker volume ls ukuphatha idatha, noma docker network ls y docker network create ukusetha ama-topology ayinkimbinkimbi kancane phakathi kwezinsizakalo zakho.

Kumaphrojekthi aneziqukathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa (okujwayelekile kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okungathi sína), I-Docker Compose isiba cishe imfuneko. With a elula docker-compose up -d Uphakamisa yonke inqwaba futhi docker-compose down Uyayimisa bese uhlanza izinsiza ezihlobene. Ukusuka lapho, amaphrofayili e-Compose, BuildKit, kanye ne-buildx avula umnyango wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziningi, ukuphathwa kwe-cache okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokufakwa okuhle kakhulu.

Ezingeni lokusebenza, kuyazuzisa ukwamukela imikhuba ethile: Njalo faka ithegi ezithombeni zakho ngamathegi acacile, ungaqongeleli izitsha nezithombe eziyizintandane (imiyalelo efana docker system prune, docker container prune o docker image prune ukusiza ukugcina indawo ihlanzekile) bese usebenzisa i-syntax --mount Uma ufuna amavolumu aphelele kanye nezimanga ezimbalwa kunezo zakudala -v.

Lonke lolu hlelo lwamasu—kusukela ekukhetheni isithombe esiyisisekelo esifanele, ngokusebenzisa ukwakha izigaba eziningi, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza, ukuxhumana, isitoreji, ukuqapha, kanye nokuphepha—kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe izindawo ze-Docker ezicwengekile kakhulu eziqala ngokushesha, zisebenzisa izinsiza ezincane, ziphephe kakhudlwana, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa . Uma uzihlanganisa kancane kancane kumaphrojekthi akho futhi uzihlanganisa nengqalasizinda enhle ye-VPS kanye nesu eliqinile lokubuka, izitsha zakho zizoyeka ukuba amabhokisi amnyama angalindelekile futhi zizoba yingxenye eqinile yepulatifomu yakho.