- Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwamathuluzi okusebenzisa i-virtualization anamandla kakhulu njenge-Hyper-V, i-VMware, kanye ne-VirtualBox.
- Kudingeka izidingo zehadiwe yobuchwepheshe kanye nokucushwa kwe-BIOS ukuze kusebenze izindawo ezingokoqobo.
- Umhlahlandlela wezobuchwepheshe ngokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ebonakalayo, ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekwenzekile kuwe: udinga ukuzama uhlelo olusebenza ku-Linux kuphela , noma ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi i-macOS isebenza kanjani ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eningi kukhompyutha entsha. Yilapho imishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM) ingena khona . Ngokuyisisekelo ivumela ukuthi sisethe ikhompyutha yonke ngaphakathi kwe-PC yethu, isebenza njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza kodwa inekhono lokuphatha uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.
Umlingo ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu i-virtualization, ubuchwepheshe obudala ungqimba lokungabonakali phezu kwehadiwe ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, singaba nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokusingathwa , okuyikhompyutha yethu yangempela, kanye nomshini wezivakashi , okuyimvelo ebonakalayo. Kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu kubathuthukisi abafuna ukuhlola izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ezinguqulweni ezahlukene ze-Windows noma kunoma ubani ofuna ukuphequlula iwebhu ngaphandle kokubeka amafayela akhe engozini.
Imishini ebonakalayo isebenza kanjani ngempela?
Ukuze konke lokhu kusebenze, sidinga ingxenye ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypervisor . Le software inesibopho sokusabalalisa izinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo—njenge-RAM, ama-processor cores, kanye nesitoreji—phakathi kwemishini ebonakalayo neyi-virtual. Kuye ngokuthi ifakwe kuphi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: Ama-hypervisor ohlobo 1, asebenza ngqo kwi-hardware (evamile kumaseva), kanye nama-hypervisor ohlobo 2, asebenza njengohlelo ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza ekhona.
Uma sethula i-VM, uhlelo lokusebenza lwezivakashi lukholelwa ukuthi lusebenza kwihadiwe yangempela, kodwa empeleni, i-hypervisor ilingisa izingxenye . Isibonelo, i-hard drive yomshini obonakalayo akuyona idivayisi ebonakalayo, kodwa ifayela elikhulu eligcinwe ku-SSD yethu lapho kugcinwa khona lonke ulwazi lohlelo olulingisiwe.
Amathuluzi abalulekile okwenza i-virtualization
Uma ungazi ukuthi uzoqala kuphi, kunamagama amabili alawula imboni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona i-VirtualBox , okuyinketho efanelekile yabaqalayo ngoba imahhala ngokuphelele, isebenzisa amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, futhi inomphakathi omkhulu onezinkulungwane zezifundo. Iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wabelane ngamafolda nezinto ezisetshenziswayo kalula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona i-VMware Workstation , i-veteran enikeza amathuluzi aqinile kakhulu futhi aphelele. Nakuba kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuyilungiselela, kuyisinqumo esikhethwayo sabasebenzisi abathuthukile abadinga ukuphatha amanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi noma ukufeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni zobungcweti.
Kukhona nezinye izindlela ezikhethekile. Kubasebenzisi be-Mac abafuna ukusebenzisa i-Windows, i-Parallels Desktop iyisisombululo esithandwayo sokwenza ngcono kwayo, kanti i-UTM inhle kakhulu ekuletheni izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-iOS. Uma ufuna into elula kakhulu, i-Docker ayilingi i-PC ephelele; kunalokho, isebenzisa izitsha ezabelana ngomongo wesistimu, okwenza kube lula futhi kusheshe kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-Hyper-V: Amandla endabuko e-Microsoft
Uma une-Windows 10 noma 11 ezinhlelweni zayo ze-Pro, Enterprise, noma Education, awudingi ukulanda noma iyiphi isofthiwe yangaphandle ngoba i-Hyper-V isivele ifakiwe . Leli thuluzi le-Microsoft linamandla kakhulu ngoba lithuthukisa ngqo ihadiwe, linikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezinkampani zangaphandle.
Ukuze uqale, udinga kuqala ukuvula i-virtualization ku-BIOS (ufuna izinketho ezifana ne-Intel VT-x noma i-AMD-V). Uma lokho sekuqediwe, kusebenze kusuka ku-Control Panel esigabeni se-Windows Features. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CPU yakho isekela i-SLAT (Ukuhumusha Ikheli Lezinga Lesibili) ngokusebenzisa umyalo othi `systeminfo` kukhonsoli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nokushintsha okubonakalayo
Indawo eyodwa lapho abantu abaningi belahleka khona yinethiwekhi. I-Hyper-V isebenzisa izinkinobho ezibonakalayo ukuze inikeze ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ku-VM. Singakhetha iswishi yangaphandle ukuze umshini obonakalayo ubhekwe njengenye idivayisi kunethiwekhi yethu yendawo, iswishi yangaphakathi ukuze ixhumane kuphela nomsingathi, noma iswishi yangasese ukuze kudalwe ilebhu ehlukaniswe ngokuphelele nomhlaba wangaphandle.
Ihadiwe ebonakalayo kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza
Asikwazi ukuqalisa umshini obonakalayo ngaphandle kokucabangela i-RAM ne-CPU. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele sabe okungenani i-4 GB ye-RAM ye-Linux kanye ne-8 GB ye-Windows 11, yize kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi umshini ongokoqobo ube nememori okungenani engu-16 GB ukuvimbela uhlelo lwe-host ukuthi lungaphazamisi. Ngokuphathelene neprosesa, singaba ama-core amaningi abonakalayo, kodwa njalo sihlonipha inani lama-core angokoqobo i-chip yethu enawo. Ungathola ulwazi lokuthi ungayandisa kanjani imemori ebonakalayo ku-Windows.
Ukuphepha nokugcinwa kwezindawo ezingokoqobo
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umshini obonakalayo uyinqaba engangeneki, kodwa qaphela, akunjalo. Uma ulanda i-malware ngaphakathi kwe-VM, ingazama ukuhlasela kokuphunyuka ukuze igxumele ohlelweni lwe-host ngamafolda abiwe noma inethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina uhlelo lwezivakashi luvuselelwe futhi ungathembeli ngokungenangqondo ku-virtualization njengesinyathelo sokuphepha kuphela.
Esinye sezici eziwusizo kakhulu ama- snapshots . Ngokuyisisekelo, kufana nokulondoloza umdlalo wevidiyo: uthatha isithombe sesimo samanje somshini, futhi uma uhlelo luyeka ukuqala kabusha ngemva kokufaka uhlelo, ungabuyela ngokushesha endaweni lapho konke bekusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha konke kusukela ekuqaleni.
Kulabo abafuna isivikelo esiphezulu, i-Hyper-V inikeza i -VM evikelwe , ebhala ngesimo somshini futhi ivikele ithrafikhi yokufuduka, ivimbele ngisho nabaphathi abanelungelo lokuphatha okuqukethwe komshini obonakalayo ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ikhono lokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kuhadiwe efanayo lenza ngcono ukuhamba komsebenzi kwentuthuko, livumela ukuhlolwa kwesofthiwe esolisayo okungenazingozi, futhi livumela ukuvuselelwa kwezinhlelo ezindala ezisebenzisa ama-emulator ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala njenge-DOSBox. Isihluthulelo sisekulinganiseni amandla eprosesa, i-RAM, nokukhetha i-hypervisor efanele ukuqinisekisa isipiliyoni esibushelelezi nesiphephile.
