- I-PC ebonakalayo ivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezizimele ukuthi zisebenze kuhadiwe eyodwa ebonakalayo kusetshenziswa i-hypervisor.
- Amathuluzi afana ne-VirtualBox kanye ne-Hyper-V enza kube lula ukudala izindawo ezihlukanisiwe zokuhlola, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokonga izindleko.
- Ukwenziwa kwe-virtualization yesimanje kuyashintsha kusuka kuma-emulator ayisisekelo kuya kwingqalasizinda yamafu enokutholakala okuphezulu kanye nokululama okusheshayo.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani ukuphatha amakhompyutha amaningi ahlukene ngaphandle kokuthenga ihadiwe eningi ethatha isikhala? Kulapho-ke umlingo we- PC ebonakalayo ungena khona , ubuchwepheshe obukhohlisa isofthiwe ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi icabange ukuthi isebenza emshinini ongokoqobo kanti, empeleni, ingaphakathi komunye. Kufana nokuba nekhompyutha eyodwa ngaphakathi kwenye, okukuvumela ukuthi uzame izinto ezingavamile noma usebenzise izinhlelo ezindala ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphahlazeka kohlelo lwakho oluyinhloko.
Empeleni, sikhuluma ngendawo elingisiwe ethembele ku- hypervisor ukusabalalisa izinsiza zomshini wangempela, njenge-RAM noma iprosesa, phakathi kwezimo ezihlukene ezizimele. Lokhu kusindisa impilo yangempela kulabo kithi abasebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, kanye nasezinkampanini ezidinga ukuthi amaseva azo ahlale esebenza futhi etholakala , okuvimbela ukwehluleka okukodwa kohlelo lokusebenza ekuqedeni wonke umsebenzi.
Ukuqonda i-virtualization kanye nezinsika zayo
Ukuze i-PC ebonakalayo isebenze, sidinga isofthiwe esebenza njengebhuloho. Lolu hlelo lukhipha izingxenye ezibonakalayo ukuze lwabe i-CPU, isitoreji, kanye nememori ngendlela eguquguqukayo . Ngenxa yalokhu, singasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame ukungahambelani, njenge-Windows, i-Linux, noma i-macOS, emshinini ofanayo, sizigcine ezindaweni ezikude ngokuphelele ukuze kungabikho lutho olwenzekayo kwenye oluthinta enye.
Ifa le-Microsoft Virtual PC kanye nokuthuthuka kwe-Hyper-V
Uma sibheka emuva, besinamathuluzi afana ne-Windows Virtual PC, umphathi owasungulwa yi-Connectix futhi kamuva wathengwa yi-Microsoft. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko kwakuwukulingisa ihadiwe ephelele ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza zezivakashi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngenkathi ku-Windows yayingalingisanga iprosesa kodwa yayivumela ukuthi isebenzise imiyalelo, ku-macOS kwakudingeka yenze umsebenzi omningi wokulingisa iprosesa ye-Intel Pentium III nezinye izingxenye ezifana nebhodi lomama le-Intel 440BX noma amakhadi omsindo e-Sound Blaster 16.
Ukuze kungabi yinkinga enkulu, kwakukhona i-Virtual Machine Additions . Lezi zengezo zaziyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukunyakaza kwegundane okubushelelezi, ukulungiswa kwesisombululo sesikrini okuzenzakalelayo lapho kushintsha usayizi wamafasitela, kanye nekhono lokudonsa nokulahla amafayela phakathi kwemishini ye-host kanye neyezivakashi. Nakuba iwusizo kakhulu, lo mkhiqizo wagcina uthathiwe amandla e- Microsoft Hyper-V , njengoba i-Windows Virtual PC yamiswa nge-Windows 8.
Ukuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zendawo yakudala
Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuze usethe umshini obonakalayo ku-Windows 7, wawudinga ihadiwe eyisisekelo kodwa ethize: amaprosesa e-Intel Celeron noma i-AMD Athlon Dual Core, okungenani i-1 GB ye-RAM , kanye nekhadi levidiyo eline-64 MB ye-VRAM. Ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo ezazingasebenza njengezivakashi, uhlu lwalubanzi, kusukela ezinguqulweni ezindala njenge- Windows 95 noma i-MS-DOS 6.22 kuya ku-Windows 7 Professional. Ungafaka ngisho nokusabalalisa kwe-Linux, yize izinto zazingelula ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka ulungiselele ukujula kombala kufayela le-xorg.conf ukuze ugweme izinkinga.
Ezinye izindlela zesimanje nezinamandla: Icala le-VirtualBox
Namuhla, uma ufuna okuthile okuguquguqukayo futhi okukhululekile kokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, i-VM VirtualBox cishe iyindlela ephelele kakhulu. Kuyipulatifomu yomthombo ovulekile ekuvumela ukuthi udale izitsha ze-virtualization ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi ungenise futhi uthumele ama-instances ngqo kusuka ku-Oracle Cloud (OCI), okwenza kube lula kakhulu kubathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ikhodi yabo ngokushesha futhi bonge imali eningi ezindlekweni zokusebenza.
I-VirtualBox ayinciphisi izici. Inikeza konke kusukela ekubethelweni kwesithombe sediski ukuze kugcinwe idatha yakho iphephile, kuya ekusekelweni kwezithombe ze-3D ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo zisebenze kahle. Iphinde ibe nesici esihle esibizwa ngokuthi ama-multigenerational snapshots , okufana nendawo yokubuyisela: uma ufaka okuthile bese uphahlaza uhlelo lwakho, ungabuyela esimweni sangaphambilini ngokushesha.
Izici ezithuthukisiwe zabasebenzisi abafuna ngamandla
- Amanethiwekhi aguquguqukayo: Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele i-NAT, amanethiwekhi angaphakathi, noma amabhuloho ukuze uphathe indlela i-PC ebonakalayo exhumana ngayo nomhlaba wangaphandle.
- Ukuphathwa kwemingcele: Ungaxhuma ama-webcam, amadivayisi e-USB, namakhadi omsindo anencazelo ephezulu ngqo ohlelweni lwezivakashi.
- Usekelo lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha: Ilungiselelwe ama-chip e-Intel ne-AMD, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kweklayenti kushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Amanye amathuluzi nezixazululo zebhizinisi
Umhlaba we-virtualization mkhulu kakhulu futhi udlulela ngale kwe-VirtualBox. Ezinye izinketho zifaka phakathi i-VMware , enikeza izinguqulo zamahhala, nakuba iyimpahla yayo, kanye nezixazululo zomthombo ovulekile njenge -KVM, i-Xen, i-QEMU, kanye ne-Proxmox . Ngezidingo ezithile kakhulu, kukhona amathuluzi afana ne-Wine kanye ne-CrossOver, angasebenzisi isistimu ephelele njenge-virtualization kodwa akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows kwezinye izindawo, noma i-DOSBox yabathandi be-retro.
Kulabo abafuna ikhambi lobuchwepheshe, izinsizakalo ezifana ne-DePC Cloud noma i-Whitestack zigxila engqalasizinda yamafu . Lezi zixazululo ziqinisekisa ukuthi iseva ebonakalayo ihlala iku-inthanethi futhi itholakala kakhulu, okuvumela ukuvuselelwa ngemizuzu embalwa uma kwenzeka inhlekelele, ngenxa yamaqembu asekelayo azinikele. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokuphatha ihadiwe ebonakalayo ekhaya noma ehhovisi.
Ukuba nekhono lokulingisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha eziphelele kusetshenziswa ama-hypervisor kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu kwezinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo, okwenza kube lula konke kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala kuya ekudalweni kwamaseva amafu ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphepha okuphelele ngokuhlukaniswa kwemvelo.