- Umthetho waseSpain, nge-LOPDGDD, unikeza amalungu omndeni ilungelo lokufinyelela, ukulungisa noma ukususa okuqukethwe kwedijithali komuntu oshonile.
- Amapulatifomu amakhulu obuchwepheshe njenge-Google, i-Apple, ne-Meta anikeza amathuluzi endawo okukhetha oxhumana nabo bakudala noma ukuphatha ukungasebenzi.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpahla zedijithali ezinenani lezomnotho, ezakha ingxenye yefa, kanye namalungelo obumfihlo bomuntu siqu kakhulu.
Namuhla, cishe sonke siphila impilo ehlukene phakathi kwezwe elibonakalayo nendawo ebonakalayo. Sichitha amahora amaningi siphequlula, sigcina izinkumbulo efwini, futhi siphatha imali yethu ngezikrini, kodwa asivamile ukuyeka ukucabanga ukuthi, lapho sesihambile, sizoshiya umkhondo wedijithali oqhubekayo okuzodingeka ukuthi othile awuphathe. Asikhulumi nje ngamaphrofayili ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kodwa ifa langempela elingabonakali elingaba yisipho noma ikhanda kulabo abasele.
Ukubhekana nefa eliku-inthanethi akukhona nje ukuzizwa sengathi ungumuntu othanda izinto noma ukususa izithombe ezindala; kuyindaba yokuphepha kanye nomthetho wefa . Ifa elingahlelekile kahle lingadalula abathandekayo bakho ekukhohlisweni, ukwebiwa kobunikazi, noma ukulahlekelwa okungenakulungiseka kwezinkumbulo zomndeni ezingenakuqhathaniswa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuya phambili futhi uvule indlela yoshintsho olubushelelezi phakathi nalesi sikhathi esivele siyinkimbinkimbi.
Uhlaka Lwezomthetho eSpain kanye Nelungelo Lokufa Kwedijithali
Ezweni lethu, asikho esimweni sokungaqiniseki mayelana nomthetho. Umthetho We-Organic 3/2018 (LOPDGDD) uyingxenye ebalulekile yomthetho lapha. Ngokuqondile, izigaba 3 no-96 zithi amalungu omndeni noma izindlalifa zingacela ukufinyelela kudatha yomuntu siqu yomufi, kanye nokulungiswa noma ukususwa kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umthetho waseSpain uthuthukile kakhulu futhi uyaqaphela ukuthi ubumfihlo bedijithali kumele buvikelwe, yize uvumela izindlalifa ukuphatha okuqukethwe uma kungekho ukuvinjelwa okucacile okuvela kumuntu onolwazi.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyathelo zedijithali: ezisebenzayo, okuyikho konke esikushicilela ngamabomu, kanye nezingasebenzisi, njengomlando wokuphequlula noma amakhukhi. Nakuba amalungelo omuntu siqu (njengobumfihlo bokuxhumana) evame ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, amalungelo empahla (imali ku-PayPal, ama-cryptocurrencies, noma ama-web domain) adlulela ngqo efeni futhi angabuyiswa ngokusemthethweni.
Amathuluzi Omdabu Wezinkundla Ezinkulu
Ukuze kugwenywe ukushiya konke kubaphathi bezinkampani, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zenze izici ezisivumela ukuthi sinqume isiphetho sama-akhawunti ethu ngesikhathi siselapha. Ukuwahlela ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje, kodwa konga amasonto amaningi okubhala amaphepha.
- ye-Google: Ithuluzi lakho Umphathi we-Akhawunti Ongasebenzi Cishe yiyona enamandla kakhulu. Unganquma ukuthi, ngemva kwesikhathi sokuthula (kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-18), i-Google izokwazisa abantu abakhethiwe futhi ibavumele ukulanda idatha kusuka ku-Gmail, Drive, noma Izithombe.
- I-apula: Through the Ukuxhumana KwefaUngakha ukhiye wokufinyelela, kanye nesitifiketi sokufa, ovumela amalungu omndeni wakho ukufinyelela i-iCloud yakho ukuze athole izithombe namanothi.
- I-Meta (i-Facebook ne-Instagram): I-Facebook ikuvumela ukuthi uqambe igama lomuntu oxhumana naye wakudala ukuze uphathe iphrofayela yesikhumbuzolapho ungathumela khona umlayezo wokugcina noma ushintshe isithombe sakho sesembozo. I-Instagram inemingcele eminingi futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe ukuze kusingathwe ukukhunjulwa noma ukususwa ngesandla.
- X (Twitter) kanye ne-LinkedIn: Lezi yizinketho eziyisisekelo kakhulu. Ku-X, ungacela kuphela ukususwa kwe-akhawunti. I-LinkedIn inikeza inketho yokuvala iphrofayili noma ukuyiguqula ibe yiphrofayili yememori yobungcweti.
Ingcebo Yedijithali: Izimpahla, Okubhaliselwe, kanye Nemali
Akukhona nje kuphela ukukhumbula izikhathi ezidlule; kunesici sezezimali esingaholela ekuchithekeni kwemali njalo. Ukubhalisela kwedijithali (i-Netflix, i-Spotify, i-Amazon Prime) kuyaqhubeka nokukhokhiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuze kube yilapho ibhange livala i-akhawunti noma othile ekhansela. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa amashumi ama-euro ngenyanga, okuthi, uma sekuhlanganisiwe, kubonise izindleko ezingadingekile zefa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimpahla ezinenani langempela . Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-cryptocurrencies, ama-wallet edijithali, kanye nama-domain ewebhu asebenzisa imali. Njengoba lawa makhiye ngokuvamile eyimfihlo, ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacile, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi imali izovalelwa unomphela ku-blockchain. Kunconywa ukugcina uhlu lwala ma-akhawunti kudokhumenti yangasese noma itayitela lomphakathi elinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Akhawunti Yebhange Ku-inthanethi
Uma umuntu eshona, ama-akhawunti asebhange ayavalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuba ngumsebenzisi ogunyaziwe kanye nomnikazi we-akhawunti ehlanganyelwe . Umsebenzisi ogunyaziwe ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke indlela yokufinyelela lapho eshona, kuyilapho umnikazi we-akhawunti ehlanganyelwe engakwazi ukufinyelela isabelo sakhe semali esilinganayo, kodwa hhayi yonke imali, njengoba okusele kungokwefa. Ukukhipha imali ngaphandle kokuba yindlalifa esemthethweni kungaba ukukhwabanisa ngaphansi kwe-Penal Code.
Ukuze kuvulwe izimali, izindlalifa kumele zilethe amadokhumenti asekelayo (isitifiketi sokufa kanye nesitatimende esiqinisekisiwe sezindlalifa) ebhange. Ibhange linesibopho sokunikeza ulwazi, njengesitifiketi sezimpahla , futhi alikwazi ukukhokhisa imali yokuhlinzeka ngebhalansi noma umlando wokuthengiselana wonyaka odlule.
Indlela Yokuhlela Ifa Lakho Ledijithali
Uma ufuna ukusindisa umndeni wakho ephusheni elibi, ikhambi elifanele ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe nomthetho wendabuko. Nakuba "intando yedijithali" njengedokhumenti ezimele ingekho eSpain, ungafaka izigaba encwadini yakho yefa eqinisekisiwe yokuqoka umphathi wefa wedijithali.
Indlela ehlakaniphile ukudala isitokwe sephasiwedi yedijithali . Ungasebenzisa umphathi wephasiwedi (njengeBitwarden noma iKeePass) bese ushiya iphasiwedi yakho eyinhloko emvilophini evaliwe, kungaba phambi kommeli noma nomuntu omethembayo. Ukuhlukanisa lesi sitokwe ngezigaba (ezokuxhumana, ezezimali, ezokuxhumana, ezokungcebeleka) kwenza kube lula kakhulu ngendlalifa yakho ukwazi ukuthi izoqala kuphi ngaphandle kokuqagela amaphasiwedi akho.
Izinyathelo Zamalungu Omndeni Ngaphandle Kweziqondiso Ezisengaphambili
Uma uzithola uphatha impilo eku-inthanethi yomuntu omthandayo ongashiyanga miyalelo ebhaliwe, isinyathelo sokuqala ukumaka ama-akhawunti akhe . Ukubukeza ama-imeyili akhe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo azisebenzisile. Njalo beka phambili ukukhansela izinkokhelo ukuze umise izindleko zasebhange.
Okulandelayo, nquma ukuthi ukhetha ukukhumbula noma ukususa ama-akhawunti akho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Uma usuthole izithombe zakho ezibalulekile namadokhumenti efwini, ungaqhubeka nokuvala kokugcina. Khumbula ukuthi cishe kunoma iyiphi inqubo, uzodinga isitifiketi sokufa kanye nedokhumenti efakazela ubuhlobo bomndeni wakho.
Ukuba nohlelo lokuba khona kwethu ku-inthanethi kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuhlela ukusatshalaliswa kwendlu noma imoto. Phakathi kokuhlela amathuluzi e-Google noma e-Apple, ukudala umphathi wephasiwedi, nokuba nentando ezwakalayo ngokomthetho, singaqinisekisa ukuthi ubumfihlo bethu buhlala buphelele nokuthi izimpahla zezimali zifinyelela kubanikazi bazo abafanele. Isihluthulelo sisekulindeni, ukuguqula umthwalo wokuphatha ongaba khona ube inqubo ehlelekile evikela izinkumbulo nezimpahla zalabo esibathanda kakhulu.