- Amachweba e-I/O asebenza njengokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana kwamandla phakathi kwebhodi lomama kanye nezinto zangaphandle ezingaphandle.
- Izinga le-USB kanye ne-USB-C eguquguqukayo zithathe indawo yezixhumi ezindala ezifana ne-PS/2 noma i-parallel port.
- Kukhona ukuxhumana okukhethekile komsindo nevidiyo, ikakhulukazi i-HDMI ephezulu kanye namandla e-DisplayPort.
- Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengeThunderbolt 3 buvumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha okukhulu kanye nokuxhumeka kwamakhadi ehluzo angaphandle.
Uma uqala ukwakha umbhoshongo wakho wokuqala we-PC, kuvamile ukuzizwa ulahlekile kancane uma ubheka iphaneli yangemuva. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izimo zibonakala zinezimbobo ezimbalwa, kodwa ibhodi lomama yilapho kwenzeka khona umlingo , njengoba linquma ukuthi zingaki futhi hlobo luni lwezixhumi ozoba nazo zezesekeli zakho. Uma ufuna ukugwema amaphutha, buyekeza amaphutha avame kakhulu lapho wakha i-PC ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuhlanzekile.
Empeleni, sikhuluma ngamachweba okufaka/okukhipha (I/O), okuyizindawo zokuxhuma noma izixhumi ezivumela ihadiwe yangaphakathi ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle. Awagcini nje ngokudlulisa idatha, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ahlinzeka ngamandla kuma-peripheral owaxhumayo.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo: Isebenza kanjani ngempela?
Ukuze ukuqonde kalula, cabanga ngala machweba njengama-smart plug. Wonke abelana ngezinto ezithile, njengewashi elibeka ijubane lokudluliswa kwedatha. Kuye ngokuthi ulwazi luthunyelwa kanjani, siwabiza ngokuthi amachweba alandelanayo (ama-data pin ambalwa) noma amachweba ahambisanayo (ama-multiple pin). Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuphikisana, ukuba yi-serial port akusho ukuthi kuhamba kancane , njengoba ijubane langempela lincike emvamisa yewashi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Kuvamile ukudida ama-port nezikhala zokunweba, kodwa kunomehluko obalulekile. Ngenkathi ama-port evezwa ukuze axhumanise amadivayisi angaphandle, izikhala ezifana ne -PCI Express noma i-M.2 zitholakala ngaphakathi kwebhodi lomama. Lezi zikhala zivame ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze zidlulise idatha eningi ngomjikelezo ngamunye , okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCIe okuthuthukisiwe kokufaka amakhadi wehluzo noma ama-SSD ashesha kakhulu.
I-ecosystem ye-USB kanye nezinhlobo zayo
I-USB (Universal Serial Bus) ngokungangabazeki iyinkosi yokuxhumana engenakuphikiswa . Yavela yathatha indawo yezixhumi ezinzima njenge-LPT1 noma i-PS/2, futhi ithuthuke kakhulu. Saqala ngesivinini esincane se-11 Mbps futhi sifinyelele ezinguqulweni ezingu-3.0 ezincintisana nesivinini sechweba le-SATA.
- Uhlobo A lwe-USB: Isimo esijwayelekile esingunxande esisaziyo sonke, silungele amagundane namakhibhodi.
- Uhlobo lwe-USB B: Inesimo sesikwele esithe xaxa, ivame kakhulu kumaphrinta nakwamanye ama-hub.
- I-USB Type-C: Indinganiso yesimanje. Iyaguquguquka, incane, futhi ekwazi ukudlulisa amandla, idatha kanye nevidiyo ngasikhathi sinye.
- I-Micro kanye ne-Mini USB: Izinguqulo ezincane ezisetshenziswa kumagajethi amadala, izilawuli ezikude, noma amakhamera.
Ngokuphathelene nesivinini, i-USB 2.0 ikhawulelwe ku-480 Mbps, kuyilapho i-USB 3.0 ifinyelela ku-5 Gbps (ngokuvamile ibonakala ngombala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Uma siphakamisa ibha, i-USB 3.1 Gen 2 ingafinyelela ku-10 Gbps, uma nje sisebenzisa isikhombikubona esibonakalayo se-USB-C . Uma ubona ukuthi uhlelo aluphenduli, kungadingeka uthole ukuthi kungani i-PC yakho ingayiboni ifoni yakho ephathekayo noma izinto eziphathelene ne-USB.
Ukuxhumana Komsindo Nevidiyo
Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukusetha ini. I-HDMI iyindinganiso yama-TV nama-monitor ayisisekelo, okuvumela umsindo nevidiyo ye-HD enokuvikelwa kokuqukethwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna okuthile okuchwepheshile noma kwezemidlalo, i-DisplayPort iyindlela ephumelelayo , njengoba isekela izinqumo eziphakeme kanye nokuphathwa kwezikrini eziningi okuphumelelayo.
Uma uphendla imishini emidala, uzothola i-VGA, eyayiyindinganiso yama-monitor e-CRT, noma i-DVI, eyayisebenza njengebhuloho eliya kwidijithali. Kwakukhona ne-S-Video, esetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-consoles amadala kanye nabahleli bamavidiyo. Namuhla, lokhu kubhekwa njengokuphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele futhi kuthathelwe indawo yikhwalithi ephezulu yezimpawu zedijithali.
Ngomsindo, siyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i -minijack engu-3,5 mm yama-headphone nezipikha. Kodwa-ke, kulabo abafuna ulwazi olujulile, kukhona i-S/PDIF, edlulisa umsindo wedijithali ngekhebula le-coaxial, igwema ukuphazamiseka futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi ezinhlelweni ze-7.1.
Amanethiwekhi kanye nesivinini esikhulu: i-Ethernet kanye ne-Thunderbolt
Ngokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, akukho okudlula ukuzinza kwe- RJ45 noma i-Ethernet port. Nakuba i-Wi-Fi isithuthukile, uxhumano olunezintambo luhlala luyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukubambezeleka. Isivinini lapha sincike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yekhebula, futhi izixhumi zesimanje manje zingafinyelela ku- 10 Gbps.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sineThunderbolt 3, isilo esidalwe yi-Intel . Isebenzisa isici esifanayo ne-USB-C kodwa inamandla amakhulu, ifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-40 Gbps. Ishesha kakhulu kangangokuthi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume amakhadi ehluzo angaphandle kuma-laptop amancane noma udlulise ama-movie e-4K ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Amachweba asevele abe umlando
Cishe ngeke uzibone kubhodi entsha yomama, kodwa kuhle ukwazi ukuthi zaziyini. Imbobo ye-PS/2 (eluhlaza okotshani nokunsomi) yayiyindinganiso yamakhibhodi namagundane ngaphambi kwe-USB. Imbobo ye-parallel noma ye-Centronics yayisetshenziselwa amaphrinta futhi yayihamba kancane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezindinganiso zanamuhla. Sasine-RS-232 (DB9) yama-terminal nama-modem, kanye ne-FireWire (IEEE-1394), eyayithandwa kakhulu kuma-Macs ekudluliseni amatheyiphu e-MiniDV.
Ukuze ulungiselele ukusetha kwakho, khumbula ukuthi ukufaka nje ikhebula akwanele . Ukuxhuma i-SSD yangaphandle esheshayo kakhulu echwebeni le-USB 2.0 kuzodala isithiyo. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa i-USB 3 noma i-USB-C ukuze ugcine idatha kanye ne-HDMI noma i-DisplayPort ukuze ubonise, uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi igcina uhlelo lokuphatha ikhebula le-PC luhlelekile futhi lucocekile.
Ukuqonda le mibono kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-motherboard efanele futhi usebenzise zonke izixhumi kukhompyutha yakho, kusukela ekuxhumeni igundane kuya ekuyinkimbinkimbi kwesistimu yomsindo enesimo noma inethiwekhi yesivinini esikhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kwedatha kuhlala kusebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
