- I-MS-DOS, yavela ku-QDOS, iguqule ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu ngokunikeza inkundla efinyeleleka kubasebenzisi.
- I-Microsoft iguqule futhi yathuthukisa i-86-DOS, ihlanganisa izici ezibalulekile ezifana nemibhalo engezansi nokusekelwa kwama-hard drive.
- Ukuvela kwe-MS-DOS kuvumele ukuhlanganiswa kwamamojula namathuluzi enkampani yangaphandle, kwandise ukusebenza kwawo.
- Izinguqulo ze-MS-DOS zethule ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo, kusukela ekuphathweni kwefayela okuyisisekelo kuya kumemori ethuthukisiwe namandla ediski.
Ezweni elikhulu lekhompyutha, amasistimu wokusebenza ambalwa abe nomthelela omkhulu njenge-MS-DOS. Umlando we-MS-DOS uwumlando othakazelisayo wokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, oqala ekuqaleni kwenkathi yekhompiyutha yomuntu siqu futhi udlulela endimeni yawo ebalulekile ekusunguleni iMicrosoft njengesiqhwaga sezobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okuthobekile njenge-QDOS kuya ekuthuthukisweni nasekunwebeni kwayo ngaphansi kwe-Microsoft, i-MS-DOS ayizange nje iqhubekisele phambili ukuthandwa kwama-PC, kodwa futhi yabeka isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje. Le ndatshana icubungula ingqopha-mlando, izinselelo, kanye nezimpumelelo ezichaze umkhondo we-MS-DOS, ihlinzeka ngokuqonda okuphelele kokuthi lolu hlelo olulula, kodwa olunamandla lwalolonga kanjani umhlaba wekhompuyutha njengoba siwazi namuhla.
Umsuka kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwasekuqaleni
Ukuzalwa kwe-QDOS
UTim Paterson weSeattle Computer Products wakha i-DOS yokuqala yomugqa wemiyalo yeprosesa engu-8086 ebizwa ngokuthi i-QDOS; kamuva iMicrosoft yayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi i-86-DOS phakathi kuka-Okthoba noNovemba 1980.
I-86-DOS, noma i-Intel 8086 Disk Operating System (OS), kwakuyisistimu yokusebenza (OS) eyakhelwe ukusetshenziswa ne-Intel 8086 microcomputer microprocessors kanye namadrayivu ediski e-floppy ukuze kugcinwe isofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza, ikhodi ye-OS, nedatha yomsebenzisi. Idizayinelwe njengenye indlela ye-DOS esekelwe kulayini womyalo esetshenziswa kuma-microcomputer angu-8-bit afana namakhompyutha we-Commodore 64 kanye ne-Atari 800, igqugquzele i-MS-DOS kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe ezinokusebenzelana okunemifanekiso yomsebenzisi.
U-Tim Patterson, umhleli we-Intel 8086 e-Seattle Computer Products ngo-Ephreli 1980, waqala ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-QDOS - olufushane lwe-Quick and Dirty Operating System - ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kuphela, futhi lusebenze kahle ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ku-MS-DOS
Ukuthuthukiswa Nokulungiswa
U-Bill Gates nethimba lakhe kwa-Microsoft bethule izinguquko ezinkulu ku-OS, bengeza iziqondiso ezingaphansi kwe-hierarchical kanye nokusekelwa kwe-hard drive. Ukwengeza, basebenzise izici ezivumela amakhophi amaningi wamafayela agcinwe kudiski. Bandise ukufakwa kohla lwemibhalo kusuka ku-16 bytes kuya ku-32 bytes ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokwanda kwamafayela nezinkomba ngaphakathi kwesistimu, bakha uhlelo lwefayela olunengqondo lwe-12-bit kamuva olwaluzokwaziwa ngokuthi i-FAT12 ku-PC DOS.
Nakuba i-86-DOS yayiyintuthuko ebalulekile yokubala komuntu siqu, yayinemikhawulo yayo. I-interface yomugqa womyalo yayingakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi yayingenazo izici eziningi zokuphepha ezitholakala ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zanamuhla ; ngaphezu kwalokho, yayisengozini yokuvuza kwememori nezinye izinsongo zokuphepha.
Umthelela we-PC-DOS
Intuthuko Nezici Ezintsha
UPaul Allen uhole iqembu ku-1983 elakhiqiza i-PC DOS njengokulandela i-86-DOS. Isekele ngaphezu kwe-12 Kbytes ye-RAM futhi yafaka phakathi izici ezahlanganiswa kamuva ku-Microsoft Windows OS, njengokubhutha kuma-hard drive. I-PC DOS iphinde yethula izici zokufometha ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukwandisa isitoreji samakhompyutha abo; Isistimu yayo yefayela yalungiswa ngokufanele, okuvumela izinhlelo ukuthi ziqhutshwe ngokushesha kunamadiski e-floppy.
I-QDOS kwakuyisistimu encane yokusebenza yama-PC eyayivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphequlule, bavule, futhi balawule amafayela ngaphandle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esinemifanekiso njenge-Windows. Yayisebenza ngememori engu-12 noma engu-28 KB enesixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa wemiyalo esisebenzisa imiyalo yombhalo ethayishwe ngqo kwikhibhodi. Abantu bendawo bedijithali banamuhla cishe bangayibheka njengobuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi; nokho, idlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwe-Microsoft emandleni njengomholi embonini yama-PC ngawo-1980.
I-MS-DOS ne-Microsoft
Ukuthola Nokukhohlisa
Umsunguli we-Microsoft u-Paul Allen wabona ukuthi bazodinga isistimu yokusebenza (OS) yamakhompyutha abo amasha asekelwe ku-8086 lapho besebenzisana ne-IBM ngo-1980. U-Bill Gates wakhohlisela wonke umuntu ukuthi akholelwe ukuthi uzidalele ngokwakhe, kodwa empeleni wakhiphela i-Seattle Computer Products, eyayidala i-QDOS, umkhiqizo wayo owawulingisa eduze i-CP/M.
Umhleli we-SCP u-Tim Paterson uqedele i-QDOS emasontweni ayisithupha nje ukuze isetshenziswe ku-8086-bit Intel 16 CPU. Nakuba ifana ne-CP/M, i-QDOS yehluke ngokwanele kangangokuthi i-Microsoft yayingakwazi ukuyithenga futhi inikeze ilayisense ngaphandle kokwesaba izinyathelo ezingokomthetho zokwephulwa kwelungelo lobunikazi.
I-Microsoft yenze iphutha elibi phakathi nezingxoxo ngokugcina ubunikazi be-SCP buyimfihlo nokuqamba kabusha i-QDOS njenge-PC DOS ngaphambi kokuyihlanganisa edilini layo ne-IBM; I-SCP ekugcineni izokhishwa nama-PC ayo ngo-Agasti 1981.
I-Evolution iyaqhubeka
I-MS-DOS ithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokunikeza amalayisense ngokuqondile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsiza zezinkampani zangaphandle, noma ngokuzikopisha. Ihlanganise, isibonelo, isistimu yefayela kanye namathuluzi okuphatha inkumbulo evela ku-Norton Utilities kanye namathuluzi we-PC, kanye nokusebenza kokuboleka ezinhlelweni zokucindezela i-disk Stacker/Stacker2, njll., ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza kwayo; I-McAfee inikeze ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kwe-antivirus, kuyilapho i-MS-DOS isalokhu idumile namuhla phakathi kwezinhlelo zefa ngenxa yememori yayo encane kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-Windows; ukwenza i-MS-DOS ibe inketho ekhangayo lapho uthuthukisa ama-PC amadala kuma-OS afana ne-OSX/MS-DOS/DOS noma ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OS/system kwamanje.
Umlando we-MS-DOS ku-PC Era
Ukuqaliswa Nokuzivumelanisa nezimo
Ekuqaleni i-PC-DOS yadalelwa amamodeli ekhompyutha yomuntu siqu (ama-PC) e-IBM futhi yathengiswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi kubakhiqizi bemishini yokuqala, ithola ugqozi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-CP/M kanye ne-UNIX; nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwaba kubi kakhulu, okwaholela iMicrosoft ekubhaleni kabusha ikhodi yayo ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, okwaholela ekubeni enye yebhizinisi elikhulu emlandweni.
Izinselele kanye Nokuncintisana
Ngenkathi i-CP/M yakhelwe ngokukhethekile iplathifomu yehadiwe eyodwa, i-IBM PC bekufanele isekele imiklamo eminingi ehlukene yesistimu. Lokhu kubangele ukungezwani phakathi kwamakhompyutha asebenzisa amasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene—noma ngisho naphakathi kwemishini esebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza efanayo—futhi kwenze ukuba kuthuthukiswe inguqulo endala ye-MS-DOS ukuya kwenamandla kakhulu eyinkimbinkimbi.
I-Seattle Computer Products yase-Seattle, WA ibikade ithuthukisa inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-CP/M eyaziwa ngokuthi i-86-DOS ukuze isebenzise ama-Intel CPU atholakala ku-IBM PC namanye amakhompyutha asekelwe ku-Intel. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokubambezeleka ayizange ifike ngo-April 1980 futhi yabiza ukuthengiswa kwe-SCP. U-Tim Paterson waqala ukusungula i-OS yakhe esekwe kudiski, ebizwa nge-QDOS, njengesixazululo sesikhashana.
I-QDOS inikeze ukwehluka okumbalwa okubalulekile ku-CP/M. Kokunye, isu layo lokwaba ifayela lalihlukile futhi lingadingi ubunikazi be-floppy disk. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kohla lwemibhalo lwayo belubonisa ukulandelana kwezigaba esikhundleni sokuhlukanisa; Ukwengeza, isekela osayizi bediski abakhulu kunembangi yayo.
I-Microsoft ikhethe ukuhlanganisa amamojula omshayeli ebhuthini esikhundleni sokuthembela ku-DOS BIOS, kuyilapho igcina ukuhumusha kohlelo oluhambisana ne-CP/M futhi ihlinzeka ngosekelo lwamadrayivu amakhulu amakhulu nezinhlamvu zakwamanye amazwe.
I-Microsoft yaqala ukunikeza i-PC-DOS amalayisensi ezinkampanini ngaphandle kwe-IBM ngasekupheleni kuka-1982. Ekuqaleni yaziwa ngokuthi IBM DOS; Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, igama lashintshwa laba yi-MS-DOS. Kwabe sekwethulwa inguqulo ye-MS-DOS 2.0 ngokusekelwa kwamadrayivu wediski afinyelela ku-32 MB namandla okwenza izinto eziningi.
I-MS-DOS, evame ukwaziwa ngeziqalo zayo ze-MS-DOS, iwuhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompiyutha (OS) olulawula zonke izici zehardware yekhompiyutha, njenge-CPU namadrayivu ediski, amafayela namafolda kumadrayivu ediski, ukulayishwa nokwenza izinhlelo, neminye imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle izinhlelo zekhompyutha. I-DOS isebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esisekelwe kuhlamvu olungakwamukeli okokufaka kwegundane, njengoba ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neWindows zingakwazi.
I-Microsoft's MS-DOS ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengokunwetshwa kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-CP/M enika amandla isandulela se-IBM PC, i-XT. Yaqala ukwethulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-80, i-MS-DOS yakhululwa cishe ngo-1982 njengezinguqulo ze-OEM ezivela kubakhiqizi bamakhompyutha njenge-SB-DOS, i-COMPAQ-DOS, ne-NCR-DOS, iMicrosoft eyathengisa kulaba bakhiqizi ukuze bayisebenzise emishinini yabo.
Izinguqulo ze-MS-DOS nezibuyekezo
Ishadi lokuqhathanisa lenguqulo ye-MS-DOS
Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-MS-DOS iye yabhekana nezibuyekezo eziningi ezibalulekile, ngayinye iletha izici ezintsha nentuthuko. Kusukela ekukhululweni kwayo kokuqala ngo-1981 kuya enguqulweni yayo yakamuva ngo-1994, i-MS-DOS ihlale iguquguquka ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu. Leli shadi lokuqhathanisa linikeza ukubuka konke okucacile nokufingqiwe kwezinguqulo ezinkulu ze-MS-DOS, okugqamisa izinsuku zokukhishwa kanye nokuqanjwa okusha okubalulekile okwethulwa esibuyekezweni ngasinye. Kuyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuqonda ukuvela kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza oluyingqophamlando nokuthi inguqulo ngayinye ibe nesandla kanjani efeni layo emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe.
Izinguqulo ze-MS-DOS nezibuyekezo
| I-Versión | Usuku lokukhulula | Izici eziyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | Agasti 1981 | Ukusekelwa kwe-PC kokuqala, ukuphatha amafayela ayisisekelo nemiyalo yediski. |
| 2.0 | March 1983 | Ukusekelwa kwama-hard drive, ama-subdirectories, kanye nesistimu yefayela enwetshiwe. |
| 3.0 | Agasti 1984 | Ukusekelwa kwamadrayivu ediski angu-1.2 MB, inethiwekhi yendawo kanye nezivumelwano zokuxhumana. |
| 3.2 | Novemba 1986 | Yethula ukusekelwa kwama-floppy disks angu-720 KB kanye nokuthuthukiswa ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi. |
| 4.0 | UJulio 1988 | Ithuthukisa ukusebenzelana komsebenzisi, yengeza umphathi wememori nokusekelwa kwamadiski afika ku-2 GB. |
| 5.0 | Mayo 1991 | Kubandakanya umhleli wombhalo ogcwele, i-QBasic, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwenkumbulo, nezinsiza zokuxilonga. |
| 6.0 | March 1993 | Yengeza i-DoubleSpace yokucindezelwa kwediski, isivikeli magciwane, nezinsiza eziyisipele. |
| 6.22 | Ephreli 1994 | Inguqulo yakamuva, ithatha indawo ye-DoubleSpace nge-DriveSpace yokucindezelwa kwediski. |
Isiphetho somlando we-MS-DOS
Umlando we-MS-DOS yindaba ehamba ngale kwesistimu yokusebenza elula; limele isahluko esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nokwenza intando yeningi kukhompyutha yomuntu siqu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okuthobekile njenge-QDOS kuya endimeni yayo ebalulekile ekusunguleni i-Microsoft njenge-colossus yezobuchwepheshe, i-MS-DOS ibone futhi yaba umlingiswa wentuthuko nezinselelo eziningi emkhakheni wekhompyutha. Ngokulula kwayo, ukuguquguquka, nokusebenza, i-MS-DOS ayigcinanga nje ngokusiza ukwamukelwa ngobuningi bamakhompiyutha omuntu siqu, kodwa futhi yavula indlela yezinhlelo ezintsha ezizayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza nesoftware. Njengoba sicabanga ngomlando we-MS-DOS, asigcini nje ngokubungaza ifa lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi siyaqaphela ukuthi lolu hlelo lokusebenza luwulolonge kanjani umhlaba wedijithali esiphila kuwo namuhla. I-MS-DOS, emnyombweni wayo, iyisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuthi umbono kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kungakushintsha kanjani kakhulu ukusebenzisana kwethu nobuchwepheshe futhi kuvule imingcele emisha kukhompyutha.