Umlando Omfishane We-inthanethi: Kusukela Ekuqaleni kwayo kuze kube manje

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Wake wazibuza ukuthi i-inthanethi, lelo thuluzi elibalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, lavela kanjani? Lesi sihloko sizokuhambisa emlandweni othakazelisayo we-inthanethi , kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo njengomsebenzi wokuzivikela ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi kuze kube yitshe lesisekelo seNkathi Yolwazi. Thola ukuthi lesi simo somhlaba wonke savela kanjani, sathinta zonke izici zomphakathi wethu. Lungiselela uhambo oludlula esikhathini oluveza izigaba ezibalulekile, izinto ezintsha, kanye nezinselele eziye zakha i-inthanethi esiyaziyo namuhla. Ingabe usukulungele ukungena kule ndaba ekhangayo futhi uthole ukuthi inethiwekhi yamakhompyutha yaguqula kanjani umhlaba?

Isingeniso

Selokhu yadalwa, i-inthanethi ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu neziqhubekayo. Ezinye izinguquko zazihamba kancane, kanti ezinye zeza ngokuzumayo.

Ngo-1973, amaphayona e-ARPANET asungula indlela yokuxhumana futhi enza i-imeyili njengohlelo lokuqala lwe-imeyili. Lowo nyaka futhi waphawula ukukhula kwawo kwasekuqaleni kanye nemvelaphi.

Iziqalo kanye Nokuvela Kwasekuqaleni Kwe-inthanethi

Ukuzalwa kwe-ARPANET kanye Nokushintsha Kwephakethe

Ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala, i-inthanethi yayihluke kakhulu kulokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Phakathi neminyaka yama-1960, kwavela i-ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), inethiwekhi yokuhlola eyaphawula ukuqala komlando we-inthanethi . Le nethiwekhi yasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushintsha amaphakethe, okuvumela amakhompyutha amaningi ukuthi abelane ngenethiwekhi eyodwa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwakuyisisekelo ekudaleni ingqalasizinda lapho i-inthanethi yayizokwakhiwa khona.

Umhlaba: Iphayona Labahlinzeki Benkonzo Ye-inthanethi

Ngo-1989, kwenzeka ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni we-inthanethi eSan Francisco ngokuqaliswa kwe-The World, umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi wokuqala wezentengiselwano (i-ISP). Lesi sinyathelo savumela kokubili amakhaya namabhizinisi ukufinyelela ngqo kwi-inthanethi, inethiwekhi eyayivinjelwe eqenjini elithile labasebenzisi, ikakhulukazi abacwaningi nezikhungo zemfundo kuze kube yileso sikhathi.

Iminyaka yawo-1990: Ukwanda Nokukhathazeka Kwembulunga yonke

Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-inthanethi Okungeziwe Nokukhathazeka Kokuphepha

Ngokufika kweminyaka yama-1990, ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kwaba nokukhula okukhulu futhi kwasabalala. Lokhu kwanda kokuthandwa kwaholela ekubandakanyekeni okukhulu kukahulumeni kwinqubomgomo ye-inthanethi kanye nokulawulwa kwayo. Isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni we-inthanethi kwaba ukusabela kokwethulwa kwe-Sputnik 1 kanye ne-2 yiSoviet Union, okwabangela ukwesaba e-United States mayelana nokuphakama kobuchwepheshe beSoviet kanye nezinsongo ezingaba khona zobunhloli noma ukuhlaselwa kwenuzi.

U-Tim Berners-Lee kanye neWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke

Intuthuko eshintshayo emlandweni we-inthanethi kwaba ukudalwa kolimi lwe-Hypertext Markup nguTim Berners-Lee, okwaholela ekuzalweni kwe-World Wide Web ngo-1991. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwakubalulekile ekwandiseni nasekufinyeleleni kalula kwi-inthanethi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazulazule kalula nangokushesha.

Umthelela Wezenhlalo Namasiko We-inthanethi

Ukusebenzisana Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuxhumana

Ngokukhula kwe-inthanethi, ikhono labantu lokushintshana ngemibono nokusebenzisana kumaphrojekthi libe ngcono kakhulu. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakha indawo yokuvuleleka nokwethembeka okusekhona nanamuhla, okubonakala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nasemabhodini emiyalezo.

Iminyaka Yezokuxhumana

Umlando we-inthanethi uhlanganisa nokwanda kwezokuxhumana, okuhlinzeke ngezinkundla zokuxoxa ngezinkinga zomphakathi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu, kanye nokuba umthombo obalulekile wezinsiza nolwazi.

Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga yonke kanye Nokusungulwa Kwezinto Ezintsha Esikhathini Solwazi

Umthelela Oguqulayo we-inthanethi Emphakathini

Umlando we-inthanethi uhlobene kakhulu neNkathi Yolwazi, isikhathi esibonakala ngentuthuko emangalisayo yomhlaba wonke. Le nkathi ihlukaniswa yikhono lobuchwepheshe lokuxhumanisa umhlaba ngezindlela ezazingacatshangwa ngaphambili. Isibonelo, umuntu edolobheni elincane laseJalimane manje usengakwazi ukulandela ngokushesha izindaba ezisanda kuvela ezivela eBolivia noma ahambe phakathi kweBoston neLondon ngamahora esikhundleni samasonto, ngenxa yentuthuko ye-inthanethi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ayikho enye into esungulwe ngekhulu lama-20 eye yashintsha umphakathi ngokujulile njenge-inthanethi.

Ukuvela Kokusebenzelana Kwe-inthanethi

Ekuqaleni, ukuxhumana ku-inthanethi kwakulinganiselwe. Abasebenzisi baxhumana ngokuyinhloko nge-imeyili nokuthunyelwe kwebhodi lezaziso. Kwakungaphambi kuka-1990, isikhathi esandulela ukwamukelwa kwe-inthanethi ngobuningi, lapho abambalwa kuphela abasebenzisi ababekwazi ukufinyelela le nethiwekhi yoguquko. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-inthanethi, ohulumeni baqala ukubona umthelela wayo ongaba khona emphakathini.

IDemocratization ye-Intanethi

IWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke: I-Paradigm Shift

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80, i-inthanethi yaqala ukufinyeleleka kalula emphakathini jikelele. Ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni we-inthanethi kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-World Wide Web nguTim Berners-Lee. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha, okuhlanganisa nokwethulwa kweziphequluli zewebhu zokuqala ezinezithombe, kwasiza kakhulu ukufinyelela ulwazi oluku-inthanethi ngamawebhusayithi nezixhumanisi, okuvumela abasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bahlole i-inthanethi kalula kunanini ngaphambili.

Umsuka kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe

I-ARPANET: I-Cradle ye-Intanethi

Ukudalwa kwe-inthanethi kwaqhutshwa yizidingo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka okukhulu kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Ngemva kokwethulwa kwesathelayithi iSputnik yiSoviet Union, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US wafuna ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuxhumana oluzomelana nokuhlaselwa kwenuzi. Lokhu kwaholela ekudalweni kwe-ARPANET, eyandulela i-inthanethi njengoba siyazi namuhla. Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwaba nentuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokugcina kanye nesivinini sokufinyelela idatha, ithuthuka kusukela kuma-hard drive kuya kuma-gigabytes e -RAM , okubonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuvela kwayo.

Umthelela Ekuxhumaneni Nomphakathi

Ababonisi kanye Nabaqalisi Bomqondo We-inthanethi

Umlando we-inthanethi ubonakala ngababoni kanye nososayensi, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba khona kwayo, ababecabanga ngomqondo ofanayo. UNikola Tesla , ngentuthuko yakhe kwezokuxhumana ezingenantambo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kanye nabantu abanjengoPaul Otlet noVannevar Bush, ababenombono wezinhlelo zokugcina nokubuyisa ulwazi ezenzakalelayo, babeka izisekelo zomqondo walokho okwakuzoba yi-inthanethi ekugcineni. Ngawo-1930 kanye nawo-1940, intuthuko kwezekhompyutha yayisiqala ukubonakala ezincwadini nakwabezindaba.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nezisekelo Ze-inthanethi

Ngawo-1970, abacwaningi ababalulekile abanjengoLeonard Kleinrock noVint Cerf bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obabuzogcina bubumbe i-inthanethi. Iminikelo yabo yaphawula ingqophamlando emlandweni we-inthanethi , yavula indlela yokuxhumana komhlaba wonke esikwaziyo namuhla.

I-inthanethi Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke kanye Nokwandiswa Kwayo Kwebhizinisi

I-inthanethi ngeminyaka yawo-90s: Ukusuka ku-Niche Tool kuya ku-Global Phenomenon

Maphakathi nawo-90, i-inthanethi yayisiyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke. I-imeyili, imiyalezo esheshayo, ukuphequlula iwebhu, nezinsizakalo zokubamba njenge-Yahoo Mail zaba amathuluzi ansuku zonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-inthanethi iphinde yazisungula njengethuluzi lebhizinisi elibalulekile, eliheha onxiwankulu abatshale imali emakhulwini okuqala ahlobene ne-inthanethi. Lokhu kukhula kwakuguqula amasiko nokuxhumana ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.

Uhulumeni We-inthanethi Nezinqubomgomo

Ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-inthanethi, ohulumeni baqala ukubona ukubaluleka kwayo kwamasu futhi bathuthukisa izinqubomgomo nezinhlaka zokubusa ukuze balawule futhi bavikele ukukhula nokuvikeleka kwayo.

IDemocratization kanye Nokwandiswa kwe-inthanethi

Abahlinzeki Besevisi Ye-inthanethi Yokuhweba

Ngawo-1990 kwavela abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi bokuqala bezentengiselwano. I-World, isibonelo, yayingeyokuqala ukunikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kwe-inthanethi ngezintambo zocingo e-San Francisco. Ngokushesha, abanye abahlinzeki balandela okufanayo, bangenisa ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-inthanethi ngaphezu kukahulumeni, ucwaningo, nezikhungo zemfundo.

Ukunyuka kwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi namagumbi ezingxoxo

Lesi sikhathi siphinde sabona ukwanda kwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi nezingosi zezingxoxo, okuhlinzeke ngamathuba amasha okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokushintshisana ngemibono. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-IRC (Ingxoxo Yokudluliswa Kwe-inthanethi) kunikeze amandla ukuxhumana okusekelwe embhalweni ngesikhathi sangempela, kwasungula izinga elingakaze libonwe lokuxhunywa ku-inthanethi nomphakathi.

Ukulawulwa Kobumfihlo kanye Nezixazululo Zokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi

Izinselelo Nezixazululo Esikhathini Sedijithali

Umlando we-inthanethi ubonakaliswe yizinselele ezikhulayo zobumfihlo nokuphepha. Njengoba i-inthanethi iba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yanamuhla, ukukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kuye kwanda. Izinhlelo zomthetho ziyazabalaza ukuhambisana nesivinini esisheshayo soshintsho lwe-inthanethi, zibhekene nobunzima obengeziwe bemithetho eyahlukahlukene yobumfihlo kanye nezinkontileka emazweni ahlukene.

Umsuka We-inthanethi Okuqukethwe Kwempi Yomshoshaphansi

Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950, ngesikhathi kushuba isimo phakathi kwe-US neSoviet Union, ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuhlasela kwezikhali zenuzi kwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Amakhompyutha angaleso sikhathi, amakhulu futhi abizayo, ayengasezandleni zamanyuvesi nososayensi bezempi. Ukwethulwa kweSputnik ngo-1957 kwashukumisela uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi akhe i-ARPA, injongo yayo kwakuwukwakha inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ekwazi ukumelana nokuhlasela kwenyukliya, okudale lokho kamuva okwakuzokwaziwa ngokuthi i-ARPANET noma i-Inthanethi.

Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Ekudluliselweni Kwedatha

Kusukela ngo-1969, abacwaningi baye benza intuthuko enkulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha ngokuthuthukiswa kokushintshwa kwamaphakethe, intuthuko ebalulekile ekwandiseni i-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele.

Amathrendi Okusha kanye Nokukhula Kwemboni Ye-inthanethi

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuzalweni Kwe-inthanethi

I-inthanethi ingumphumela wokubambisana kwababoni abaningi ababone amandla ayo. I-ARPANET, inethiwekhi yokuqala ye-inthanethi, yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1960 ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo sokwabelana nokwabelana ngolwazi ngamabanga.

Ukuvela Kwezinethiwekhi Zokuqala

Amanethiwekhi okuqala ayenomkhawulo futhi ebiza, efinyeleleka ikakhulukazi kubacwaningi nabasebenzi basenyuvesi. U-Paul Baran no-Michael Elie badlale indima ebalulekile ekucabangeni nasekuxhumaniseni lawa manethiwekhi, besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha amaphakethe kanye nokufinyelela kokudayela.

I-Democratization ye-inthanethi kanye nokuzalwa kwewebhu yesimanje

Ngo-1969, kwenziwa igxathu elikhulu ngokuxhunywa kwamakhompyutha ngalobu buchwepheshe obusha, ekuqaleni obaziwa ngokuthi yi-ARPANET. Kamuva, yahlanganiswa nephrothokholi ye-TCP/IP ukuze kwakhiwe i-inthanethi yesimanje. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Mark Andreessen udale i-Mosaic, isiphequluli esinembile esenza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kwaba lula ezindlini. Ngawo-1990, ngokutholakala kwe-inthanethi kokudayela okutholakala ezindlini, ukuxhumana ngokushesha nokudala imiphakathi eku-inthanethi kwaba lula, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-IRC (Ingxoxo Yokudluliswa Kwe-inthanethi).

Ukuvela kwe-inthanethi kuze kufike osukwini lwamanje

I-inthanethi Ekhulwini Lama-21: Intuthuko Nezinguquko

Umlando we-inthanethi ungene enkathini entsha ekhulwini lama-21, ophawulwe ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe engakaze ibonwe kanye nokuguqulwa komphakathi. Lesi sigaba sihlola indlela i-inthanethi eguquke ngayo yaba yinto esakazeke kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, ethonya zonke izici zomphakathi wanamuhla.

Ukunyuka Kwezokuxhumana Komphakathi kanye Nomnotho Wedijithali

Ukuxhumana Kwembulunga yonke kanye nemiphakathi eku-inthanethi

Ukuvela kwezokuxhumana kushintshe kakhulu indlela esixhumana ngayo futhi sabelana ngayo ngolwazi. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Facebook, i-Twitter, i-Instagram, kanye ne-LinkedIn adale imiphakathi yomhlaba wonke lapho ukuxhumana komuntu siqu, kobungcweti, kanye nebhizinisi kwenzeka khona ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kube yinto ebalulekile emlandweni we-inthanethi , kuxhumanisa abantu ngale kwezithiyo zendawo kanye namasiko.

Ukuqanjwa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nekusasa Le-inthanethi

Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa kanye nomthelela wabo

Ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-Internet of Things (IoT), ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kanye ne-blockchain buyachaza kabusha ukusetshenziswa kanye nokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kwamadivayisi nezinsizakalo ezixhunywe ku-inthanethi kodwa futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo emisha mayelana nobumfihlo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuziphatha esikhathini sedijithali.

Izinselele Zamanje kanye Namathemba Esikhathi esizayo

Ukuzulazula Izinselele Zanamuhla

Njengoba i-inthanethi iqhubeka nokukhula, kuvela nezinselele ezinkulu. Ukuhlukana kwedijithali, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi , ulwazi olungelona iqiniso, kanye nokukhathazeka ngobumfihlo bedatha kuyizinkinga ezibalulekile emlandweni we-inthanethi . Isidingo semithethonqubo esebenzayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela sesiphuthume kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Ukubheka ikusasa

Ikusasa le-inthanethi lithembisa ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu nempilo yansuku zonke ngobuchwepheshe obufana nokungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, okungokoqobo okungokoqobo kanye namanethiwekhi e-5G. Le ntuthuko ikhomba umhlaba lapho ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kuzoba okugcwele amanzi futhi kuyo yonke indawo, okuvula amathuba amasha okuqamba izinto ezintsha nokusebenzisana kwabantu.

Isiphetho

Sihambe amashumi eminyaka sihlola umlando we-inthanethi , kusukela emvelaphi yayo eguqukayo kuya ekukhuleni kwayo emhlabeni jikelele njengamandla achaze kabusha ukuxhumana, amasiko kanye nokuhweba. Lolu hambo lusibonise ukuthi i-inthanethi ikhule kanjani ngale kwenhloso yayo yokuqala yokuba inethiwekhi exhumene eqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye noshintsho emhlabeni wonke. Ngentuthuko ngayinye yezobuchwepheshe kanye nohlelo ngalunye olusha, i-inthanethi iyaqhubeka nokuchaza kabusha lokho okungenzeka emphakathini wethu oxhumene.

Manje sikumema ukuthi wabelane ngale ndaba ekhuthazayo. Ingabe kukhona omaziyo othanda ubuchwepheshe, umlando noma ofuna ukwazi ukuthi izinto zivela kanjani? Yabelana nabo lesi sihloko futhi usize ukusabalalisa ulwazi mayelana nokuthi i-inthanethi, ithuluzi elibalulekile kangaka ezimpilweni zethu, yaba yilokho eyikho namuhla. Sisize sixhumanise abantu abaningi ngale ndaba ethokozisayo yokusungula izinto ezintsha noguquko!