- Ikhompyutha ishintshile isuka ku-abacus yaya emishinini yesimanjemanje, iguqula izimpilo zethu nomsebenzi.
- Amakhompyutha kagesi avela ngeminyaka yawo-1940, eholwa yi-ENIAC njengephayona.
- Ukufika kwamakhompuyutha omuntu ngeminyaka yawo-70 kwenza ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe ngentando yeningi.
- Namuhla, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bumele umngcele wamanje ekuthuthukisweni kwekhompyutha.
Umlando wekhompiyutha uwuhambo oluhehayo olushintshe kakhulu indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo nesixhumana ngayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi le mishini engavamile isuke kanjani ekubeni amathuluzi ekhompiyutha alula yaba yisizinda soguquko lwedijithali. Kusukela kuma-abacuses akudala kuya kumakhompiyutha aphambili anamuhla, umugqa wesikhathi womlando wekhompiyutha ugcwele izinto ezintsha ezimangalisayo kanye nezibalo zemibono ezishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka enqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Umlando Wekhompiyutha: Yazalwa kanjani futhi yawuguqula kanjani umhlaba wanamuhla
Umlando wekhompyutha: imvelaphi
Umlando wekhompiyutha ubuyela emuva kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abakucabangayo. Imishini yokubala yokuqala, njenge-abacus, yavela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule emiphakathini ehlukahlukene yasendulo. Lawa mathuluzi angajwayelekile abeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngekhulu le-17, isazi sezibalo saseFrance Blaise Pascal Wasungula i-Pascaline, ebhekwa njengesibali sokuqala somshini. Lo mshini wobuhlakani ungase wengeze futhi ukhiphe, okuphawula ingqopha-mlando ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yamakhompyutha.
Kamuva, ngekhulu le-19. UCharles Babbage Wakhulelwa "i-Analytical Engine", idivayisi ehlelwayo ebhekwa njengesandulela esiqondile samakhompyutha anamuhla. Nakuba ingazange yakhiwe ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sakhe, idizayini yeBabbage yayihlanganisa imiqondo eyisisekelo njengeyunithi yokucubungula, inkumbulo, nokufakwayo/okuphumayo kwedatha.
Isikhathi samakhompyutha e-elekthronikhi
Ukugxuma kwangempela Ibheke kumakhompyutha esimanje Kwenzeka ngawo-1940 ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuqala ye-elekthronikhi. I-ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), eyakhiwa ngo-1945, ithathwa njengekhompiyutha yokuqala ye-elekthronikhi enenhloso evamile.
Lawa makhompyutha akuqala ayemakhulu, ethatha amagumbi wonke, futhi esebenzisa izinkulungwane zamashubhu evacuum ukuze enze izibalo. Naphezu kobukhulu bazo kanye nemikhawulo, bamele intuthuko eguquguqukayo kumthamo wokucubungula idatha.
Umlando wekhompuyutha nezizukulwane zayo ubonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buvele kanjani ngokushesha emashumini eminyaka alandelayo:
- Isizukulwane sokuqala (1940-1956): Amakhompyutha asekelwe kumashubhu e-vacuum.
- Isizukulwane sesibili (1956-1963): Ukusetshenziswa kwama-transistors, amancane futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Isizukulwane sesithathu (1964-1971): Ukwethulwa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe.
- Isizukulwane sesine (1971-manje): Ama-Microprocessors nama-silicon chips.
- Isizukulwane sesihlanu (esathuthukiswayo): Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokucubungula okufanayo.
Ukuzalwa kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu
Esinye sezigigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wekhompiyutha kwaba ukufika kwekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu (PC) ngeminyaka yawo-1970s Izinkampani zokuphayona ezifana ne-Apple, Commodore, kanye ne-Tandy yethula amakhompyutha asekhaya athengekayo, ashintsha unomphela ubudlelwano phakathi kobuchwepheshe nomsebenzisi ojwayelekile.
Ukwethulwa kwe-Apple II ngo-1977 kanye ne-IBM PC ngo-1981 kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha. Le mishini, nakuba ilinganiselwe ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, yenza amandla ekhompyutha afinyelele izigidi zabantu.
I-graphical user interface (GUI) kanye negundane, okwaduma i-Apple nge-Macintosh ngo-1984, kwenza amakhompyutha afinyeleleke kalula futhi asebenziseke kalula emphakathini jikelele.
I-inthanethi kanye nenguquko yezokuxhumana
Ukudalwa nokunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nawo-1990 kuthathe uguquko lwamakhompyutha lwafika ezingeni elisha ngokuphelele. I Iwebhu yomhlaba jikelele, ithuthukisiwe nguTim Berners-Lee Ngo-1989, i-inthanethi yaba indawo yokuxhumana yomhlaba wonke kanye nomthombo ongashi wolwazi.
I-imeyili, izinjini zokusesha kanye amanethiwekhi omphakathi ayashintsha kakhulu indlela esixhuma ngayo futhi sabelane ngayo ngolwazi. Umlando wekhompuyutha nezizukulwane zayo uxhumene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi, okwenza i-ecosystem yedijithali echaze kabusha cishe zonke izici zomphakathi wanamuhla.
Inkathi yeselula kanye nekhompyutha etholakala yonke indawo
Ikhulu lama-21 libone enye inguquko emlandweni wekhompyutha: inkathi yamadivaysi eselula. Omakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi alethe amandla ekhompuyutha emaphaketheni ethu, okuvumela ukufinyelela njalo olwazini nasekuxhumaneni noma kuphi.
Lesi sigaba esisha sekhompiyutha esitholakala yonke indawo senze imigqa phakathi kwezwe eliphathekayo neledijithali, okudale imiqondo enjengokuthi I-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye namaqiniso angeziwe.
La umugqa wesikhathi womlando wekhompyutha Ibonisa indlela emashumini ambalwa nje eminyaka esiye sasuka ngayo emishinini engusayizi wamakamelo saya kumadivayisi anamandla angena entendeni yesandla sethu.
I-Artificial Intelligence kanye nekusasa lekhompyutha
El inkambu ye-Artificial Intelligence (AI) imele umngcele wamanje emlandweni wekhompyutha. Intuthuko ekufundeni komshini namanethiwekhi e-neural inika amandla amakhompuyutha ukwenza imisebenzi ake yathathwa njengomuntu ngokukhethekile, kusukela ekuqapheliseni inkulumo kuya ekushayeleni ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-AI ithembisa ukuguqula imikhakha ehlukahlukene njengemithi, imfundo kanye nezimboni, kuyilapho iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yokuziphatha nefilosofi mayelana nekusasa lobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nemishini.
Umlando wekhompiyutha awuyona nje indaba yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nezinguquko ezijulile zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho. Ukusebenzisa idijithali kuyishintshe kakhulu indlela esisebenza ngayo, esizifundisa ngayo kanye nesisebenzisana ngayo.
Zonke izimboni zishintshiwe noma zadalwa kusukela ekuqaleni ngenxa yenguquko yamakhompyutha. I-E-commerce, umnotho wokwabelana kanye ne-cryptocurrencies ngezinye zezibonelo zendlela ubuchwepheshe obuchaza ngayo kabusha amamodeli ebhizinisi kanye nokuthengiselana kwezomnotho.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlukana kwedijithali nokukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo kanye ukuphepha kwedatha ziletha izinselele ezibalulekile umphakathi okufanele uzibheke njengoba siqhubekela phambili enkathini yedijithali.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomlando Wekhompyutha
Yayiyini ikhompuyutha yokuqala kagesi? I-ENIAC (I-Electronic Numerical Integrator kanye neKhompyutha) ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengekhompuyutha yokuqala ye-elekthronikhi enenhloso evamile. Yakhiwa ngo-1945 eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania futhi yahlala ikamelo lonke.
Ayenjani amakhompyutha okuqala uma eqhathaniswa namakhompyutha anamuhla? Amakhompiyutha okuqala ayemakhulu, ethatha amagumbi aphelele, futhi esebenzisa izinkulungwane zamashubhu evacuum. Ayenamandla amancane kakhulu kune-smartphone yesimanje futhi asebenzisa amanani amakhulu wamandla. Umthamo wokucubungula nokugcina ubuncane uma uqhathaniswa namazinga anamuhla.
Ubani owasungula ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu? Akekho umsunguli oyedwa wekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu, njengoba kube umphumela wokuqanjwa kabusha okuningi. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani ezifana ne-Apple (enoSteve Jobs kanye noSteve Wozniak) kanye ne-IBM zadlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ama-PC ngeminyaka yawo-1970 nasekuqaleni kwawo-80.
Ukugcinwa kwedatha kuguquke kanjani kuwo wonke umlando wamakhompyutha? Isitoreji sedatha sisukile emakhadini e-punch nakumateyipu kazibuthe saya kuma-hard drive, ama-solid-state drives (ama-SSD), kanye nesitoreji samafu. Amandla akhule kakhulu kuyilapho usayizi womzimba wamadivayisi ancipha kakhulu.
IMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaba nayiphi indima ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhompyutha? I-Cold War yasheshisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Kokubili i-United States kanye neSoviet Union batshale izinsiza ezinkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamakhompiyutha okusetshenziswa kwezempi nendawo, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni okwasetshenziswa kamuva emkhakheni wezakhamuzi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwehadiwe nesoftware emlandweni wekhompyutha? Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo zekhompuyutha, njengephrosesa, inkumbulo, namadivayisi okufaka/okukhiphayo. Isoftware, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo nedatha esebenza kuhadiwe. Umlando wekhompuyutha ubone ukuthuthuka okufanayo kuzo zombili izici, nesoftware iya ngokuya iba yinkimbinkimbi njengoba ihadiwe iba namandla kakhulu.
Isiphetho: Umlando Wekhompyutha: Yazalwa futhi yawuguqula kanjani umhlaba wanamuhla
Umlando wekhompiyutha uwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nekhono lethu lokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kusukela emishinini yokuqala yamakhompiyutha kuya emishinini yanamuhla enamandla, amakhompyutha aguqule zonke izici zempilo yethu.
Njengoba sibhekela ekusaseni elikhula ngokwedijithali, kubalulekile ukuthi sicabange ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa isimo somuntu kanye nokubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba. Isigaba esilandelayo ku- umugqa wesikhathi womlando wekhompyutha ithembisa ukuthi izojabulisa futhi iguqule njengezangaphambilini.
Umlando wekhompiyutha nezizukulwane zayo usikhombisa ukuthi uguquko luhlala lukhona emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe. Ukugcina umqondo ovulekile kanye nokuzimisela ukufunda kuzobaluleka ekuzuleni indawo yedijithali ehlala ishintsha.
Okuqukethwe
- Umlando Wekhompiyutha: Yazalwa kanjani futhi yawuguqula kanjani umhlaba wanamuhla
- Umlando wekhompyutha: imvelaphi
- Isikhathi samakhompyutha e-elekthronikhi
- Ukuzalwa kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu
- I-inthanethi kanye nenguquko yezokuxhumana
- Inkathi yeselula kanye nekhompyutha etholakala yonke indawo
- I-Artificial Intelligence kanye nekusasa lekhompyutha
- Umthelela wezenhlalo nezomnotho wenguquko yamakhompyutha
- Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nomlando Wekhompyutha
- Isiphetho: Umlando Wekhompyutha: Yazalwa futhi yawuguqula kanjani umhlaba wanamuhla