Ayini amasistimu we-multimedia? Incazelo, izakhi kanye nezicelo

Informatec Digital » IT » Ayini amasistimu we-multimedia? Incazelo, izakhi kanye nezicelo

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ishintshe ngokuphelele indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba kanye nokufinyelela ulwazi . Namuhla, siphila ngamadivayisi namapulatifomu ahlanganisa izinto ezahlukahlukene njengezithombe, amavidiyo, imisindo, kanye nombhalo, okusivumela ukuthi sithole okuqukethwe okucebile nokuguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenziwa kube nokwenzeka yizinhlelo ze-multimedia , ezikhona kwezemfundo, ezokuzijabulisa, ezokuxhumana, embonini, nokuningi.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo ze-multimedia, sibhekisela emqondweni oyinhloko wokuqonda indima yobuchwepheshe ekuxhumaneni kwesimanje . Ukuqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, ukuthi ziquketheni, kanye nezinhlelo zazo eziningi kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukusebenzisa amandla akhe aphelele, kungaba ekufundeni, emsebenzini, noma empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngezansi, sizohlola lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo ngokujulile, sihlaziya konke kusukela encazelweni yaso, emlandweni, kanye nezingxenye kuya ezicini zaso, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye nezindawo ezifanele kakhulu zokusetshenziswa.

Ayini amasistimu we-multimedia?

Uhlelo lwe-multimedia luyisistimu ekwazi ukuhlanganisa nokuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zemidiya yedijithali neye-analog ngaphakathi kwendawo eyodwa exhumanayo . Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kombhalo, izithombe ezinganyakazi noma ezihambayo, umsindo, izithombe ezinyakazayo, kanye, ngokuya ngokuqhubekayo, nezinsiza ezisebenzisanayo. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zinhlelo ukuhlanganiswa kwamafomethi ahlukene olwazi , okuthuthukisa indlela okuqukethwe okwethulwa futhi kudluliswa ngayo.

Igama elithi multimedia livela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-"multi" (multiple) kanye ne-"media ," okubhekisela kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, ipulatifomu, noma iphrojekthi esebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Empeleni, izinhlelo ze-multimedia zivumela ukudluliswa kolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi okucacile nokuhehayo , okwenza kube lula ukuqonda nokufunda, futhi ziyisihluthulelo sokuzijabulisa, ukukhangisa, kanye nemfundo.

Namuhla, i-multimedia itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunywe kwi-inthanethi kanye nemishini yokugcina yedijithali noma ye-analog , okuye kwandisa kakhulu amathuba ayo. Kusukela ezethulweni ezilula kuya ezinkundleni zokufunda eziyinkimbinkimbi eziku-inthanethi, izinhlelo ze-multimedia zishintshe indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nolwazi kanye nokuxhumana.

Izingxenye zesistimu ye-multimedia

Uhlelo lwe-multimedia luwumphumela wokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene noma izinhlobo zemidiya . Ngayinye idlala indima ethile ekudaleni ulwazi oluphelele nolusebenzisanayo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Umbhalo: Ibalulekile ekudluliseni ulwazi, ukuchaza imiqondo, noma ukunikeza umongo.
• Izithombe: Zihlanganisa izithombe, imidwebo kanye nemifanekiso ehambisana noma egcizelela umlayezo.
• Audio: Kungaba umculo, amazwi, imiphumela yomsindo, noma ezinye izinhlobo zomsindo, okwengeza izinga elengeziwe lamaqiniso noma imizwelo.
• Ividiyo: Ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise izinqubo, izenzo noma izindaba ngendlela ebonakalayo neguqukayo, yenza kube lula ukuqonda kokuqukethwe okuyinkimbinkimbi.
• Izithombe: Zibandakanya ukulingiswa kokunyakaza futhi zingasetshenziswa ukuchaza imiqondo, ukudala imiphumela yokubuka, noma ukujabulisa.
• Izinto ezisebenzisanayo: Banikeza umsebenzisi amandla okulawula isethulo, isivinini, kanye nokufinyelela olwazini ngokuya ngezintshisekelo zabo.

Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yesistimu ye-multimedia sisekuhlanganisweni kwalezi zingxenye , okunikeza umsebenzisi ulwazi oluhambisanayo, oluqondakala kalula, nolucebisayo.

Umlando kanye nokuvela kwezinhlelo ze-multimedia

Umqondo wokuhlanganisa imidiya ehlukene ukuze kudluliselwe ulwazi awumusha . Eqinisweni, uqala emuva ekuxhumaneni kwabantu uqobo, lapho amagama, ukushukuma komzimba, imisindo, kanye nezinkulumo ezibonakalayo kuhlanganiswa khona ukuze kudluliselwe imiyalezo ephelele. Kodwa-ke, ukufika kwekhompyutha kwamelela igxathu elibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwale midiya ngenxa yokwenziwa kwedijithali.

Phakathi nawo-1950 no-1960, izinhlelo zokuqala zokwethula okuqukethwe kwe-electromechanical zaqala ukuthuthukiswa , zinikeza ulwazi ngendlela elandelanayo nehlelekile. Ngokufika kwama-microprocessor ngawo-70, amakhompyutha omuntu siqu aba lula futhi anamandla, okuvumela umthamo omkhulu wokugcina kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezithombe, umsindo, namavidiyo.

Iminyaka yama-80 nama-90 yabona ukwehla okukhulu kwezindleko zehadiwe, ukuthuthuka kwamandla emishini kanye nokuvela kohlelo olusebenzisanayo , okwabeka izisekelo ze-hypermedia kanye ne-hypertext: izinhlelo ezingezona eziqondile lapho umsebenzisi engumlingiswa oyinhloko futhi enquma ukuthi angalusebenzisa kanjani ulwazi.

Ukufika kwe-inthanethi kwaba yinto entsha, njengoba kwandise amathuba ezinhlelo ze-multimedia ngokwenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokufinyelela okubanzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuqukethwe . Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obufana neqiniso elingokoqobo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye namadivayisi eselula buye bathatha i-multimedia baba ngamazinga angakaze abonwe, okwenza kube nokwenzeka okuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ngezifiso, okujulile, kanye nokubambisana.

Izici zezinhlelo zemultimedia

Izinhlelo ze-multimedia zinezici eziningana ezihlukile ezizihlukanisa nezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana zendabuko . Phakathi kweziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemidiya: Kanyekanye basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqukethwe ukuze badlulisele ulwazi ngempumelelo.
• Ukusebenzisana: Ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi anqume ijubane, ukuhleleka nokujula afinyelela ngakho ulwazi.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo: Zijwayelaniswa kalula nezethameli, izindikimba nezinjongo ezehlukene.
• Amandla okwenza ngokwezifiso: Ngenxa yohlelo nedatha, banganikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisana nezintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye.
• Ama-Multiplatform: Basebenza kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, kusukela kumakhompiyutha kuya kuma-smartphones nama-smart TV.
• Ukwenza ngcono umuzwa wolwazi: Benza lula ukuqonda, ukukhumbula kanye nokujabulela okuqukethwe.

Ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kwazo kwenze izinhlelo zemultimedia zibe amathuluzi abalulekile okufunda, ukufundisa, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokuxhumana.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zemultimedia

I-multimedia ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokuya ngezinga lokuxhumana, uhlobo lokuqukethwe, noma inhloso yako . Ngezansi, sibuyekeza ezinye zezigaba ezivame kakhulu:

• I-multimedia esebenzayo: Umsebenzisi ulawula isethulo futhi anqume ukuthi yini azoyibona, nini futhi kanjani. Isibonelo: imidlalo yevidiyo, ama-encyclopedia edijithali, izethulo zemfundo.
• I-multimedia engasebenzisi: Okuqukethwe kwethulwa ngendlela elandelanayo nenqunywe kusengaphambili. Isibonelo: amavidiyo aqoshiwe, amamuvi, ukusakazwa komabonakude.
• I-Hypermedia: Indlela ethuthukisiwe ye-multimedia esebenzisanayo evumela ukuzulazula okungaqondile phakathi kwemidiya ehlukene nezihloko ngezixhumanisi.
• I-Metamedia: Umqondo owethulwe ngu-Lev Manovich, ebhekisela kumasistimu akwazi ukuqukatha nokuguqula eminye imidiya, enezela izici ezifana nesofthiwe nokucubungula idatha.

Ukuhlukaniswa okunemininingwane eminingi kuvumela ukuhlonza izinhlelo ze-multimedia zemfundo, zokukhangisa, ezifundisayo, ezobuciko, ezokuzijabulisa noma zesayensi , ngokuya ngenhloso eziklanyelwe yona kanye nohlobo lomsebenzisi ezihloselwe lona.

Izinzuzo zezinhlelo zemultimedia

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-multimedia kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kokubili kubasebenzisi nakubadali bokuqukethwe . Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Isikhalo nentshisekelo enkulu: Ngokuhlanganisa imidiya ehlukene, imilayezo iba ijabulisa kakhulu futhi ikhumbuleke.
• Basiza ukufunda: Bavumela okuqukethwe ukuthi kuhambisane nesivinini somuntu ngamunye nalokho akuthandayo, kuthuthukise ukuqonda.
• Bakhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo: Abasebenzisi akubona nje abamukeli bolwazi, kodwa bangahlola, bahlanganyele, futhi bazakhele olwabo uhambo.
• Ukufinyeleleka kanye nendawo yonke: I-inthanethi kanye namadivayisi eselula alethe izinhlelo ze-multimedia kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zezethameli.
• Buyekeza futhi usebenzise kabusha: Okuqukethwe kwedijithali kungahlelwa kalula futhi kusatshalaliswe, okuvumela ulwazi ukuthi lugcinwe luhambisana nesikhathi.

Lezi zinzuzo zichaza ukuthi kungani i-multimedia ivame kangaka emfundweni, ekuqeqeshweni kwemisebenzi, ekusakazweni kwesayensi, kwezempilo, embonini, kanye nasekuzijabuliseni.

Ububi nezinselelo zezinhlelo zemultimedia

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo eziningi, izinhlelo ze-multimedia nazo ziletha izinselele ezithile kanye nokungalungi okubalulekile ukukuqaphela . Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ijika lokufunda: Abasebenzisi bangase badinge isikhathi ukuze bajwayelane nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezithuthukile.
• Izindleko zokuthuthukisa nokunakekela: Ukudala i-multimedia yekhwalithi kudinga isikhathi, izinsiza, nolwazi olukhethekile.
• Ukudideka noma ukugcwala kolwazi: Uma isakhiwo singacacile, umsebenzisi angalahleka kalula ekuzulazuleni futhi angakutholi akufunayo.
• Izinkinga zokufinyeleleka: Akubona bonke abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufinyelela ngokugcwele noma bajabulele okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, ikakhulukazi uma kuveza imigoqo kubantu abakhubazekile.
• Ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe: Udinga idivayisi futhi, ngokuvamile, uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono ayo.

Ukunqoba lezi zithiyo kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu kubaklami, onjiniyela, kanye nabafundisi abasebenza nezinhlelo ze-multimedia.

Multimedia kwezemfundo

Enye yezindawo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-multimedia sekusabalele khona kakhulu yimfundo . Amandla okuhlanganisa umbhalo, izithombe, amavidiyo, kanye nezinto ezisebenzisanayo ashintshe kakhulu ukufundisa, okuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto zokufunda ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezihehayo.

Ekilasini, i-multimedia yenza kube lula ukuqonda imiqondo engaqondakali, ishukumise ukuhlanganyela kwabafundi okusebenzayo, futhi ivumela okuqukethwe ukuthi kulungiswe ngokwezidingo zomfundi ngamunye . Amathuluzi anjengezifundo eziku-inthanethi, izincwadi ezisebenzisanayo, ukulingisa, kanye nemidlalo yemfundo ayimiphumela eqondile yala mathuba.

Imfundo ekude, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nokufunda impilo yonke kuzuza kakhulu emandleni e-multimedia . Ukuguquguquka, ukuvuselelwa njalo, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo nezitayela ezahlukene zokufunda kwenze lezi zinhlelo zaba amathuluzi abalulekile kokubili kothisha nakubafundi.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zemultimedia

Ngale kwezemfundo, i-multimedia ifakiwe emikhakheni eminingi nemisebenzi eminingi , iguqula indlela esixhumana ngayo, esizisa ngayo nesijabulisa ngayo:

• Ezokuzijabulisa: Amamuvi, uchungechunge lwe-TV, imidlalo yevidiyo, umculo osakazwayo, kanye neqiniso eliwumbukwane izibonelo ezicacile zokubaluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwemidiya kokuhlangenwe nakho kwemidlalo yanamuhla.
• Ubuciko nobuciko: I-Multimedia isenze sakwazi ukuhlola izinhlobo ezintsha zokuvezwa kwezobuciko, kusukela ekufakweni kuya ekusebenzeni kwedijithali.
• Imboni nebhizinisi: Izethulo zebhizinisi, amakhathalogi asebenzisanayo, imikhankaso yokumaketha yedijithali, nokulingisa kwezobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi nokwamakhasimende.
• Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha nolwesayensi: Izifanisi, ukubonwa kwe-3D, kanye nesizindalwazi semultimedia kusiza ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe nokusabalalisa intuthuko yesayensi.
• Ulwazi nokuxhumana: Imidiya yedijithali, amaphephandaba aku-inthanethi, izinkundla zokuxhumana, namawebhusayithi asebenzisa i-multimedia ukwazisa ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
• Ukukhangisa: Izikhangiso ezisebenzisanayo, amavidiyo asakazwayo, nezibhengezo ezinothile zidonsa ukunaka kwabathengi futhi zithuthukise ukuguqulwa.

Ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, i-multimedia ikhona kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, okuvumela okuhlangenwe nakho okucebile, okwenzelwe wena, nokuxhumene nakho.

Izandiso namathuluzi okudala amasistimu e-multimedia

Ukudala izinhlelo ze-multimedia kudinga izinsizakusebenza zobuchwepheshe ezahlukahlukene kanye namathuluzi esofthiwe . Phakathi kwezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kubahleli bezithombe namavidiyo (njenge-Photoshop noma i-Premiere), izindawo zokuhlela ze-multimedia (njenge-Adobe Director noma i-Flash), izinhlelo zokuphatha okuqukethwe kanye namapulatifomu okubhala (i-e-learning, ama-encyclopedia e-multimedia, njll.), kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe ukukhiqiza izithombe noma imiphumela ekhethekile.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izixazululo ezigxile ezintweni kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusabalalisa obusekelwe ku-inthanethi bube yinto evelele , okwenza kube nokwakhiwa kokuqukethwe okusebenzisanayo, okusebenzisanayo, kanye nokwenziwe ngezifiso. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe bezemfundo kuyaqhubeka nokwandisa amathuba emkhakheni wezinhlelo ze-multimedia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenziwa kwefomethi yamafayela nezandiso kuvumela ukuhambisana okukhulu phakathi kwamapulatifomu namadivayisi , okubalulekile ukuze izinhlelo ze-multimedia zisetshenziswe kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Izinto ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zemultimedia

Ukuklama uhlelo oluhle lwe-multimedia akuyona nje indaba yokuxuba imidiya ehlukene . Kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, isu elicacile, kanye nendlela egxile kumsebenzisi.

• Chaza inhloso nezethameli: Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ufuna ukuxhumana nani nokuthi okuqukethwe kuqondiswe kubani, ukuze ukhethe imidiya nesakhiwo esifaneleka kakhulu.
• Ukubumbana phakathi kwama-elementi: Yonke imithombo yezindaba kufanele isebenze ngendlela ehambisanayo, igweme ukuxoshwa emsebenzini noma ukuphikisana.
• I-interface enembile: Ukuzulazula nokufinyelela ezinsizeni ezahlukene kufanele kube lula kumsebenzisi, ngaphandle kokumenza alahleke noma adideke.
• I-Prototyping nokuhlola: Ukudala izinguqulo zokuqala nokuzihlola ngabasebenzisi bangempela kusiza ukuthola nokulungisa izinkinga ezingaba khona.
• Ukufinyeleleka: Uhlelo kufanele lusetshenziswe abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kuhlanganisa nalabo abakhubazekile.

Inqubo yokuthuthukisa imidiya ehlukahlukene ivame ukufaka ukudala "ishidi lobuchwepheshe" noma idokhumenti yomqondo echaza izidingo, izinhloso, izithameli eziqondiwe, umqondo, kanye nendlela yokufinyelela okuqukethwe. Izigaba ezivamile yilezi: ukuhlaziya, ukuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, ukwenza izibonelo, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokushicilelwa.

I-Hypermedia kanye ne-hypertext ezinhlelweni ze-multimedia

I-Hypertext kanye ne-hypermedia yimiqondo emibili eguqule ukwethulwa kolwazi lwedijithali . I-Hypertext iqukethe inethiwekhi yemibhalo exhunywe yizixhumanisi, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi agxume kusuka kwesinye isihloko aye kwesinye ngendlela engalandelani futhi eqondene nomuntu siqu. I-Hypermedia yandisa lo mbono kwezinye imidiya , ivumela ukuzulazula phakathi kwezithombe, amavidiyo, kanye nemisindo ngaphezu kombhalo.

Lezi zinhlelo ezingezona eziqondile zenza kube lula kumsebenzisi ngamunye ukwakha indlela yakhe ngokwezintshisekelo nezidingo zakhe , okucebisa ulwazi futhi kuvumela ukuzimela okukhulu ekufundeni nasekucwilisweni kokuqukethwe.

Kodwa-ke, izinketho eziningi kakhulu noma ukwakheka okubi kungabangela umsebenzisi ukuthi adideke noma akhungatheke . Ukuklama ukuzulazula okucacile nokuphawulwe kahle kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu ze-hypermedia yanamuhla.

Ikusasa lezinhlelo zemultimedia

Ikusasa le-multimedia lichazwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo . Ubuchwepheshe obusha njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, iqiniso elingeziwe, iqiniso elingokoqobo, kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto kwandisa amathuba okuhlanganiswa kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho.

Umkhuba ubheke ezinhlelweni ezisebenzisana kakhulu, ezigxile kakhulu, ezisebenzisanayo, neziqondene nomuntu ngamunye , lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzovumela okuqukethwe ukuthi kuhambisane nephrofayela yomsebenzisi ngamunye nezidingo zakhe cishe ngesikhathi sangempela. Izindawo ezingokoqobo, ukwenziwa kwemidlalo, kanye nokuxhumana okuphelele kudala izinhlobo ezintsha zokufunda, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokuxhumana esisanda kuqala ukuzihlola.

Umthelela walokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo ngeke uzwakale emhlabeni wezemfundo nokuzijabulisa kuphela, kodwa nakwezokwelapha, ucwaningo, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi, nanoma yimuphi umkhakha lapho ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokufinyelela olwazini kubalulekile.

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe izoqhubeka nokuguqula izinhlelo zemultimedia, ihlanganise izici ezengeziwe ezizothuthukisa ulwazi lwabasebenzisi futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kolwazi.