- Ukuba khona kwe-NPU kungaqinisekiswa nge-Task Manager noma i-Device Manager ku-Windows.
- Wonke ama-Mac anama-chips e-Apple Silicon (M1 nangaphezulu) ahlanganisa iyunithi yokucubungula i-neural.
- Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-NPU ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, okuvumela ukuqagela kwe-AI ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane.
- Ukusekelwa kwesofthiwe yamanje kunqunyelwe futhi kuncike ezikhathini ezithile zokusebenza ezifana ne-OpenVINO noma i-QNN.
Cishe uke wezwa ngama-"AI PC" adumile muva nje futhi wazibuza ukuthi ikhompyutha edeskini lakho ingenye yawo. Isihluthulelo sise- NPU (Neural Processing Unit) , ingxenye evame kakhulu cishe kuwo wonke ama-laptop esimanje. Lokhu kuvimbela ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuthi bungagcwalisi kakhulu lonke uhlelo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuvimbela ibhethri ukuthi lingaphumi ngemizuzu.
Ukwazi ukuthi unayo yini le accelerator kubalulekile uma ufuna ukusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI endaweni yakho , ngaphandle kokuthembela efwini. Akukhona nje ukukhombisa ihadiwe yakho, kodwa mayelana nokusebenzisa amandla angcono kakhulu akuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuthi ifeni yakho ye-PC izwakale sengathi isizofika eMars. Ake sibone ukuthi ungathola kanjani ukuthi unayo yini nokuthi yini ongayenza ngayo njengamanje.
Izindlela ezisheshayo zokuthola i-NPU ku-Windows
Uma usebenzisa iWindows, akudingeki ube uchwepheshe wekhompyutha ukuze uthole impendulo. Indlela eqondile kakhulu ukuvula i-Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) bese ubheka ithebhu ethi Ukusebenza. Uma ikhompyutha yakho iyisekela, uzobona isigaba esithile esibizwa ngokuthi i-NPU eduze kwe-CPU ne-GPU, lapho ungaqapha khona umthwalo wayo womsebenzi ngesikhathi sangempela.
Enye inketho ethembekile kakhulu ukuya ku -Device Manager . Vele ubheke isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "Ama-Neural Processors ." Uma leso sigaba sivela ohlwini, siyakuhalalisela: une-NPU efakiwe. Into engcono kakhulu ngale ndlela ukuthi ikutshela igama eliqondile le-chip, ikuvumela ukuthi ubheke imininingwane yayo yobuchwepheshe ku-inthanethi ukuthola ukuthi ingafinyelela ama-TOPS amangaki (imisebenzi ngomzuzwana).
Imibuzo yobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa komkhiqizi
Ngezinye izikhathi, isofthiwe ingabangela izinkinga noma abashayeli bangase baphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi yilapho-ke kungcono ukuya emthonjeni. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele ukhombe iprosesa yakho kumenyu yezilungiselelo bese uvakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-Intel, i-AMD, noma i-Qualcomm). Eshidini lezincazelo zemodeli yakho eqondile, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-chip ihlanganisa yini amakhono e-AI nokuthi yiziphi izici ze-Windows ezisekelayo, njengemiphumela yesitudiyo sekhamera.
Uma uthenge idivayisi ebhalwe ngokuthi i- Copilot+ PC , ikakhulukazi leyo ene-Snapdragon X Elite noma i-Plus processor, ungaqiniseka ukuthi i-NPU ihlanganiswe njengejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kunconywa ukuhlola ukuthi abashayeli basesimweni sakamuva nge-Windows Update noma iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukuze uhlelo lubone ihadiwe ngendlela efanele.
Isimo se-NPU ohlelweni lwe-Mac
Ezweni le-Apple, indaba ilula futhi iqondile. I-NPU ifike ngokushintshela ku -Apple Silicon . Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi i-Mac ene -chip ye -M1, M2, M3, noma i-M4 isivele ineyunithi ye-neural ehlanganisiwe. Lo mklamo, ozuzwe ngokwengxenye kuma-chip e-iPhone, yiwo ovumela izici ezifana ne-Apple Intelligence ukuthi zisebenze kahle futhi endaweni kumakhompyutha e-Apple.
Kuyini ngempela futhi iyini imingcele yayo?
Kuyiphutha elivamile ukuthi i-NPU ithatha indawo yekhadi lehluzo. Eqinisweni, inguchwepheshe ekucabangeni kwenethiwekhi ye-neural ngezinsimbi ezilinganiselwe (INT8 noma INT4). Nakuba i-GPU iyisikhungo esinamandla esijwayelekile, i-NPU iyithuluzi lokunemba elingasebenzisa amamodeli amancane, njenge-Phi-3 Mini, edla ama-watts angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-watts angu-40-50 i-GPU yekhompyutha ephathekayo engawasebenzisa.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izibani zokukhanya kwelanga kanye nothingo. I-NPU ayiklanyelwe ukuqeqesha amamodeli noma ukulungisa kahle; lokho kusalokhu kuyisizinda esikhethekile sama-GPU ane-VRAM ezinikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unesistimu ene-RAM engu-16 GB kuphela, ukuzama ukusebenzisa imodeli enemingcele engu-7B kungaba yikhanda elibuhlungu ngempela, njengoba i-NPU yabelana ngenkumbulo nesistimu futhi ungase uthole ikhompyutha yakho ihluleka ukusebenza kahle.
Inselele yesofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje
Yilapho izinto ziba nzima khona. Ukuba nehadiwe akusho ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zizoyisebenzisa. Njengamanje, umenzi ngamunye une "ulimi" lwakhe: i-OpenVINO ye-Intel, i-ROCm/Ryzen AI ye-AMD, kanye ne-QNN ye-Qualcomm . Nakuba indinganiso ye-ONNX Runtime izama ukuhlanganisa lokhu, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezidumile zisayishaya indiva i-NPU.
- I-LM Studio: Isiqalile kakade ukusekela ama-NPU e-Qualcomm nge-QNN.
- U-Ollama: Okwamanje, iyaqhubeka nokuthembela kakhulu ku-CPU noma ku-GPU, ishiya i-NPU eceleni.
- Umshayeli we-Windows Copilot: Sebenzisa i-NPU emisebenzini yomdabu njengokufiphaza ingemuva kumakholi wevidiyo noma amagama-ncazo abukhoma.
Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-NPU ku-Task Manager kuhlale ku-0%, akuyona inkinga ngaso sonke isikhathi; uhlelo lwesofthiwe lusakhula . Sisesigabeni esifanayo nalapho ama-GPU aqala khona ukusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha yesayensi: ihadiwe iphambili, futhi abathuthukisi sebeqala ukuzivumelanisa namathuluzi abo.
Ukuba ne-neural accelerator kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana kulezi zinsuku, ikakhulukazi kuma-ultrabook nama-mini PC lapho ukuthula nokuphila kwebhethri kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba izinhlelo zayo okwamanje zikhawulelwe kwimisebenzi ye-Windows noma kwamanye amamodeli alinganisiwe, umkhuba ucacile: esikhathini esifushane, i-NPU izoba yinjini ejwayelekile yanoma yimuphi umsizi womuntu siqu ohlala ku-hard drive yethu ngaphandle kokukhipha ibhethri.