Ungashintsha kanjani izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router yakho ukuze uthuthukise isivinini nokuphepha

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ungashintsha kanjani izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router yakho ukuze uthuthukise isivinini nokuphepha

Uma uke waqaphela ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi luhamba kancane, amanye amawebhusayithi ngeke alayishe, noma ukhathazekile ngobumfihlo nokuvikeleka ngenkathi uphequlula , ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ze-router yakho cishe yilokho okudingayo. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengobuchwepheshe, kuyilungiselelo ongalenza ngemizuzu embalwa nje futhi lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-inthanethi yakho.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi ulungiselela amaseva e-DNS azenzakalelayo, kodwa awuphoqelekile ukuwasebenzisa. Ukukhetha ahlukene kungakunika isivinini esisheshayo, ukuzinza okukhulu, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, noma ngisho nokunciphisa ukuvimbela . Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi iyini i-DNS, izingozi zokusebenzisa amaseva angathembekile, izinzuzo zokuwashintsha ekhaya nasebhizinisini, ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-router yakho kanye namamodeli athile ahlukene, nokuthi yibaphi abahlinzeki be-DNS bomphakathi abanconywa kakhulu namuhla.

Iyini i-DNS futhi kungani kunezinkulumo eziningi kangaka ngokuyishintsha?

Uma uthayipha ikheli elifana nelithi "google.com" noma "facebook.com" kusiphequluli sakho, idivayisi yakho idinga ukuxhuma ekhelini elithile le-IP leseva . Kungaba nzima ngabasebenzisi ukubamba ngekhanda lezi zinombolo zewebhusayithi ngayinye, ngakho-ke kukhona uhlelo olusebenza njengomlamuleli.

Leyo sistimu yi-DNS (Domain Name System), uhlobo lwencwadi enkulu ye-inthanethi noma incwadi yocingo exhumanisa amagama esizinda afundeka kubantu (xataka.com, avast.com, redeszone.net, njll.) namakheli awo e-IP ahambisanayo. Uma ikhompyutha yakho ibuza ukuthi "ikuphi le webhusayithi?", iseva ye-DNS iphendula ngekheli le-IP, bese isiphequluli sixhuma.

Amaseva e-DNS empeleni asebenza njengabahumushi phakathi kolimi lwabantu nolimi lwenethiwekhi . Ngale ndlela, akudingeki ukhumbule u-172.217.0.0 noma amakheli afanayo, igama elilula nje. Lokhu kuhumusha kwenzeka izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngosuku ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele: uma uvula amawebhusayithi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, amasevisi efu, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, amasevisi okusakaza, izibuyekezo, njalo njalo.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, cishe wonke ama-router emakethe asebenzisa amaseva e-DNS omhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-ISP). Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho (omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, amathebhulethi, ama-consoles emidlalo, amathelevishini, amadivayisi asekhaya ahlakaniphile, njll.) athumela imibuzo yawo kulawa maseva e-DNS alungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngumhlinzeki ngaphandle kokuthi ushintshe noma yiziphi izilungiselelo.

Izinzuzo zokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router yakho

Into ethakazelisayo ukuthi awuphoqelekile ukusebenzisa amaseva e-ISP yakho: ungawashintshanisa namanye futhi uthole izinzuzo ezicacile ngesivinini, ukuphepha, ubumfihlo noma ukulawula okuqukethwe okulayishwe kunethiwekhi yakho.

Ngokusebenza, i-DNS ehlukile inganciphisa ukubambezeleka kwesisombululo, okungukuthi, isikhathi esithatha isiphequluli sakho ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi iseva okufanele ixhunywe kuyo . Lokhu akukhulisi umkhawulokudonsa wakho onqunyelwe, kodwa kungenza amakhasi alayishe ngokushesha, izinhlelo zokusebenza ziphendule ngokushesha, futhi kuvumele izinsizakalo ezithile ezazingasebenzi kahle ngaphambilini ukuthi ziqale ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Kukhona futhi ingxenye yokuphepha ecacile: abanye abahlinzeki be-DNS beqembu lesithathu bayahlunga futhi bavimbele amawebhusayithi anonya, imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, noma izizinda ezisetshenziselwa i-malware . Ngale ndlela, uma othile kunethiwekhi yakho echofoza isixhumanisi esiyingozi, ukulungiswa kwe-DNS kungakuvimba ngaphambi kokuba ikhasi lilayishe.

Ngokuphathelene nobumfihlo, ukusebenzisa amaseva ngaphandle kwalawo anikezwa umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-ISP) kungasiza ekunciphiseni inani lokulandelela imikhuba yakho yokuphequlula . Izinsizakalo eziningi ze-DNS zomphakathi zizibophezela ekususeni amarekhodi zingakapheli amahora ambalwa noma ukungawaxhumanisi nolwazi lomuntu siqu, into engenzeki njalo ngamaseva e-DNS anikezwa yi-ISP.

Okokugcina, nansi isici senkululeko yokufinyelela: kuye nge-DNS oyisebenzisayo, ungadlula amabhlogo kumawebhusayithi athile abekwe ezingeni lomqhubi noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, usebenzise izihlungi zokulawula kwabazali noma zokukhiqiza. Ngokushintsha i-nameserver, ungasuka ekuphequluleni okungafihliwe uye endaweni evinjelwe kakhulu.

I-DNS ezindaweni zebhizinisi: izinzuzo nezingozi

Kunethiwekhi yezinkampani, inkinga iba nkulu nakakhulu ngoba i-DNS ithinta umkhiqizo, ukuphepha, kanye nokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi . Ushintsho oluhlelwe kahle lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza, kodwa futhi luyindaba ebucayi uma lusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi oluhle, ukusebenzisa amaseva e-DNS asezingeni eliphezulu enkampanini yakho kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezikhathi zokulayisha kanye nokuzinza lapho ufinyelela amawebhusayithi, amapulatifomu omsebenzi asekelwe efwini, i-imeyili yenkampani, kanye namanye amathuluzi abalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo eziningi zebhizinisi zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamaseva e-DNS angafuneki, ngakho uma eyodwa yehluleka, enye ithatha izintambo, ukuvimbela ukungasebenzi.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yamabhizinisi ukuphepha: abanye abahlinzeki banikeza i-DNS ngokuhlunga okuthuthukisiwe, uhlu oluvinjelwe olusha, kanye nokuvikelwa ezizindeni ezisolisayo . Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba isisebenzi sigcine sisewebhusayithini yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma silande i-malware ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi ku-imeyili.

Kodwa-ke, konke kunezinkinga zako: ushintsho olungakahlelwanga kahle noma ukucushwa okungalungile kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okusheshayo kwazo zonke izinsizakalo ezincike kunethiwekhi . Uma ukulungiswa kwegama kwehluleka, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ziyayeka ukusebenza, abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufinyelela izinhlelo zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle, futhi inkampani ingalahlekelwa isikhathi nemali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselelwa okungafanele kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuhambisana namadivayisi athile, izinsizakalo zangaphakathi, ama-VPN, noma ukuhlanganiswa okuncike kumaseva athile e-DNS noma izinqumo zangaphakathi . Ngakho-ke, endaweni yebhizinisi, kuyalulekwa ukuhlaziya ngokuphelele umthelela, ukuhlola ngezikhathi zomsebenzi ophansi, futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukusebenzisa amaseva angaphakathi e-DNS noma izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe.

Izingozi zokusebenzisa amaseva e-DNS angaziwa noma angewona angempela

Akuyona nje noma iyiphi iseva ye-DNS ezokwenza kahle: ukukhetha ngokunganaki noma yimuphi umhlinzeki we-DNS omtholayo esithangamini noma ohlwini olungabaza kungaba ngumqondo omubi. Ekugcineni, yonke ithrafikhi yakho yokuxazulula amagama idlula kulowo mhlinzeki , ngakho-ke ubeka ithemba elikhulu kuye.

Uma usebenzisa amaseva e-DNS asengozini noma anonya, umhlaseli angaguqula izimpendulo futhi akuqondise kumawebhusayithi mbumbulu alingisa lawo asemthethweni (amabhange, i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, izitolo eziku-inthanethi, njll.). Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ubuthi be-DNS cache noma i-DNS spoofing kuseva.

Kulezi zinhlobo zokuhlasela, idatha mbumbulu ifakwa ku-cache ye-resolver, ukuze uma ikhompyutha yakho icela iwebhusayithi eyaziwayo, iseva ibuyisele ikheli le-IP leseva elilawulwa umhlaseli . Iwebhusayithi oyibonayo ibukeka isemthethweni, kodwa empeleni yenzelwe ukweba iziqinisekiso, ulwazi lwasebhange, noma ukufaka i-malware.

Kukhona futhi ukukhohlisa ohlangothini lweklayenti, lapho idivayisi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zikhohliswa khona. Lapha, umgomo uhlala ufana: ukudida izicelo ze-DNS ukuze umsebenzisi agcine esezingosini zokukhwabanisa ngisho noma ekholelwa ukuthi uphequlula iziteshi eziphephile.

Ukuze kulwiwe nalezi zingozi, kunezindlela eziningana zokulinganisa: okokuqala, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-DNSSEC bufaka amasignesha e-cryptographic avumela ukuqinisekiswa kobuqiniso bezimpendulo . Okwesibili, ukubethela imibuzo (ukusebenzisa i-DNS nge-HTTPS noma i-DNS nge-TLS) kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuvimba nokuphatha izicelo ezisendleleni, yize kungavikeli kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa kweseva.

Ithonya le-DNS kwisivinini se-inthanethi

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi i-DNS ayishintshi i-bandwidth yakho enqunyelwe, kodwa ithinta ukuthi uxhumano lokuqala kusevisi ngayinye lusheshe kangakanani . Ngamanye amazwi, ngeke inciphise isivinini sokulanda sibe yi-1 Gbps uma une-100 Mbps, kodwa ingenza amawebhusayithi aqale ukuphendula ngokushesha.

Umthelela ubonakala kakhulu ekuphequluleni kwansuku zonke, ekusakazeni, kanye nasekudlaleni imidlalo eku-inthanethi. Iseva ye-DNS ehamba kancane kakhulu noma egcwele ngokweqile ingeza ama-millisecond engeziwe kumbuzo ngamunye, okuholela emakhasini athatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha, izinsizakalo ezithatha isikhathi eside ukucubungula, kanye namaphutha angaba khona ngezikhathi ezithile lapho kuxazululwa izizinda ezithile.

Ngokushintshela ku-DNS ene-latency ephansi kanye nengqalasizinda engcono, ulwazi luba lula: amagama ayaxazululeka ngokushesha, isikhathi isiphequluli sakho esisichitha "ekusesheni..." siyancishiswa, futhi amapulatifomu evidiyo noma imidlalo eku-inthanethi ixhuma ngokushesha kumaseva afanele . Uma isevisi isatshalaliswe kahle ngokwendawo, uzobona umehluko.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthi i-DNS ithandwa kakhulu akusho ukuthi iyona eshesha kakhulu endaweni yakho ethile. Ukusebenza kwangempela kuncike kakhulu endaweni okuyo, umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi, kanye nokuba seduze kwamaseva . Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlola uxhumano lwakho usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.

Kunamathuluzi amabili asetshenziswa kabanzi kulokhu: i-DNS Benchmark (evela ku-Gibson Research Corporation) kanye ne-DNS Jumper. Eyokuqala ihlaziya amashumi noma izinkulungwane zamaseva ukuze ikubonise ukuthi yimaphi aphendula ngokushesha kusuka kunethiwekhi yakho . Eyesibili ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izivivinyo ezisheshayo bese ukhetha iseva ye-DNS esheshayo ohlwini, ngisho nokuhlunga ngesikhathi esiphezulu sokuphendula.

Indlela yokushintsha i-DNS: idivayisi vs i-router

Unezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko: shintsha i-DNS kudivayisi ngayinye (i-PC, iselula, ithebhulethi, ikhonsoli, njll.) noma ukwenze ngqo ku-router. Ukuyishintsha kudivayisi yakho kuyasiza ekuhlolweni ngokuphephile futhi ngaphandle kokuthinta yonke inethiwekhi . Ukuyishintsha ku-router kunomthelela womhlaba wonke kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe.

Uma uyilungisa kukhompyutha yakho kuphela, leyo khompyutha izosebenzisa amaseva owacacisile, kodwa i-router izoqhubeka nokubuza amaseva e-DNS azenzakalelayo e-ISP kuwo wonke amanye amadivayisi . Lokhu kulungile uma ufuna ukwenza izivivinyo noma uma i-router ye-ISP yakho ingakuvumeli ukuthi ushintshe izilungiselelo ze-DNS.

Kodwa-ke, uma ushintsha izilungiselelo ze-router, noma iyiphi ifoni ephathekayo, i-TV, i-laptop, noma i-game console exhuma nge-Wi-Fi noma ikhebula izothatha ngokuzenzakalelayo amaseva amasha e-DNS . Akudingeki ukwenze ngamunye ngamunye, yize ushintsho luthinta yonke indlu noma ihhovisi, futhi iphutha lingakushiya ungenayo i-inthanethi kuwo wonke amadivayisi akho.

Ngakho-ke, indlela ehlakaniphile ivame ukuba ukuhlola amaseva e-DNS akhethiwe kuqala kudivayisi eyodwa. Uma ubona ukuthi uxhumano lusebenza kahle, amakhasi alayisha kahle, futhi akukho ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, khona-ke kunengqondo ukusebenzisa ushintsho olufanayo ku-router ukuze ulusebenzise kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.

Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokushintsha i-DNS ku-router

Nakuba uhlobo ngalunye lomkhiqizo kanye nomodeli kunemenyu yalo, cishe wonke ama-router alandela isakhiwo esifanayo. Inqubo ejwayelekile yokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ivame ukufana kakhulu, kanye nokwehluka okuncane kwamagama ezigaba.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola i -gateway ezenzakalelayo ye-router , ngokuvamile okungu-192.168.1.1 noma u-192.168.0.1. Ku-Windows, ungavula i-Command Prompt, usebenzise umyalo ipconfig , bese uhlola isigaba esithi "Default Gateway" ukuze usiqinisekise.

Ngalelo kheli le-IP, vula isiphequluli sewebhu bese usifaka kubha yekheli. I-router izocela igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Amamodeli amaningi afika namaphasiwedi ajwayelekile njenge-"admin", "1234", noma afanayo, kodwa kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe lawa ma-crifices abe yiphasiwedi eqinile neyingqayizivele ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudivayisi.

Uma usungaphakathi kwephaneli yokulawula, kuzodingeka uthole "izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe," "i-inthanethi," "i-WAN," "inethiwekhi yendawo," noma into efanayo, kuye nge-firmware. Ngaphakathi kwesinye salezi zigaba, uzothola izinkambu ezifana ne- "DNS," "i-DNS Server," "i-DNS Servers," noma "i-Static DNS ," lapho uzobona khona amaseva amanje, ngokuvamile lawo anikezwa umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhubaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-DNS okuzenzakalelayo (ngokuvamile kuba nebhokisi lokuhlola noma imenyu eyehlayo) bese ufaka ngesandla amakheli amaseva ayinhloko nawesibili ofuna ukuwasebenzisa , njenge-Google, i-Cloudflare, i-OpenDNS, noma abanye abahlinzeki abathembekile. Bese ulondoloza izilungiselelo bese uqala kabusha i-router yakho ukuze wonke amadivayisi aqale ukuzisebenzisa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukushintsha lesi silungiselelo akuyona umdlalo: uma ufaka amakheli ngokungalungile noma ucacisa amaseva angaphenduli, yonke inethiwekhi izolahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwegama . Kuleso simo, kuzodingeka nje ubuyele esibonakalayo se-router (ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa ikheli le-IP eliqondile esikhundleni sesizinda) bese ubuyisela amanani okuqala noma uzame amaseva e-DNS ahlukene.

Izibonelo ezisebenzayo: ukushintsha i-DNS kuma-router athile

Umenzi ngamunye uhlela amamenyu ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani kwamanye amamodeli avame kakhulu atholakala emakhaya nasemahhovisi amancane. Ngisho noma ungenayo imodeli efanayo, isakhiwo sivame ukufana futhi sizosebenza njengesiqondiso.

Ama-router e-D-LINK

Ku-router ye-D-LINK, inqubo evamile ihilela ukuvula isiphequluli, ukuthayipha ikheli le-IP le-router (ngokuvamile i-192.168.1.1), ukufaka igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi (uma ungakayishintshi, ngokuvamile kuba "admin" kuzo zombili izinkambu ) bese ubheka phezulu inketho ethi "Izilungiselelo Ezithuthukisiwe".

Ngaphakathi kwaleyo menyu, iya esigabeni esithi "i-inthanethi" bese uthola inketho yokusebenzisa i-DNS ngesandla esikhundleni samaseva e-DNS azenzakalelayo e-ISP . Lapho uzobona amabhokisi athi "iseva ye-DNS eyinhloko" kanye "neseva ye-DNS yesibili," lapho udinga nje ukufaka amakheli owakhethile bese ulondoloza izilungiselelo.

I-router ye-Digi ZTE

Uma ungumthengi we-Digi futhi unenye yama-router e-ZTE, inqubo iyafana: finyelela ikheli le-IP ledivayisi, faka iziqinisekiso zakho, bese uya esigabeni esithi "Inethiwekhi Yendawo" kumenyu eyinhloko. Ukusuka lapho, iya ku-"LAN" bese uya ku-"DHCP Server."

Kuleyo sikrini, uzothola izinkambu zamaseva e-DNS ayinhloko nawesibili ahlobene neseva ye-DHCP, enesibopho sokwabela amapharamitha enethiwekhi kumadivayisi. Ngokushintsha lawa makheli nokukhetha izilungiselelo ezithi "Azikho ezenzakalelayo", uzoqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amadivayisi athola amakheli e-IP kusuka ku-router asebenzisa amaseva e-DNS amasha . Bese, mane uchofoze okuthi "Sebenzisa" ukuze ulondoloze ushintsho.

Ama-router e-Vodafone kanye ne-DNS Ephephile

Ama-router amaningi e-Vodafone afaka isici esibizwa ngokuthi i-Secure DNS , esenzelwe ukuvimba amawebhusayithi anonya kanye nokuqukethwe okuthile. Inkinga ukuthi, ngokuzenzakalelayo, lesi sici singakuvimbela ekusebenziseni amaseva e-DNS eqembu lesithathu, njengoba idivayisi iphoqa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye "nokuphazamisa" isixazululo se-DNS.

Ukuze ushintshe amaseva e-DNS kulawa ma-router, udinga ukusebenzisa imodi yochwepheshe ku-interface, iya kumenyu ethi "I-inthanethi > I-DNS & DDNS", bese ususa ukumaka ibhokisi elithi Secure DNS uma litholakala. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho uzokwazi ukufaka amaseva e-DNS angaphandle ezinkambeni ezihambisanayo . Ngeshwa, kwamanye amamodeli, le nketho ingase ingaveli noma ivinjwe yi-firmware.

Uma kungekho ndlela yokukhubaza lokhu kubanjwa kwe-DNS ku-router, okunye ukulungisa amaseva ngesandla kudivayisi ngayinye: isibonelo, ku-Windows ngokuya ku-"Network and Internet", ukuvula izakhiwo ze-adaptha, ukukhetha "Internet Protocol Version 4" bese uhlola ukuthi "sebenzisa amakheli eseva e-DNS alandelayo" ukuze ufake amasha.

Ama-router e-FRITZ!Box

Kuma-router e-FRITZ!Box, ushintsho lulula kakhulu. Ngemva kokufinyelela isikhombikubona sokuphatha ngesiphequluli sakho, bheka imenyu ngakwesobunxele bese uya ku-"Inthanethi" > "Imininingwane Yokufinyelela". Phezulu, uzobona amathebhu amaningana, kufaka phakathi elilodwa elibizwa ngokuthi "i-DNS Server".

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inketho esebenzayo ivame ukuba "Sebenzisa iseva ye-DNSv4 enikezwe umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi." Ukuze uyihlele ngokwezifiso, khetha "Sebenzisa iseva ehlukile ye-DNSv4" bese ufaka amaseva akho e-DNS owathandayo emasimini. Ukuchofoza okuthi "Sebenzisa" kuzokwenza i-router iqale ukusebenzisa lawa maseva ahlukile kukho konke ukuxhumana.

Ama-router e-ASUS

Kumadivayisi e-ASUS, imenyu ingahluka kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani, kodwa umqondo uyafana. Isibonelo, ku-ASUS RT-AC86U, ungafinyelela isikhombimsebenzisi, ukhethe "Izilungiselelo Ezithuthukisiwe" kuphaneli eseceleni, bese kuba "i-LAN" ukuthola isigaba "sezilungiselelo zeseva ze-DNS kanye ne-WINS" , lapho ungangena khona amaseva owafunayo.

Kwamanye amamodeli, njenge-ASUS ROG Rapture GT-AXE11000, indlela ithi "Izilungiselelo Ezithuthukisiwe" > "WAN - Ukuxhumeka Kwe-inthanethi". Lapho, uzothola isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "Izilungiselelo Ze-WAN DNS" esinenketho ethi "Xhuma kwiseva ngokuzenzakalelayo". Ukushintsha lokhu kube "Cha" kuzokuvumela ukuthi usethe ngesandla amaseva e-DNS ayinhloko nawesibili kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yakho.

Ama-router e-Synology

Ku-Synology ecosystem, uma usungene ngemvume ku-router yakho ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, iya kumenyu eseceleni bese ukhetha "Inethiwekhi Yendawo." Kuthebhu ethi "Okujwayelekile", uzobona isigaba esithi "Iseva ye-DHCP" , lapho ungacacisa khona amaseva e-DNS ngesandla esikhundleni salawo abelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Uma ulondoloza izinguquko, izivumelwano ezintsha ze-DHCP zizofaka lawo maseva e-DNS, ngakho-ke noma iyiphi idivayisi ethola ikheli le-IP kusuka ku-router izoqala ukusebenzisa amaseva owalungiselele njengoba ethanda , ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungisa idivayisi ngayinye ngesandla.

Ama-router e-TP-Link Archer kanye nokuhambisana kwawo

Kumamodeli amaningi e-TP-Link Archer (njenge-AX10, C6, AX55, VR400, njll.), izinguqulo zakamuva ze-firmware zandise ukusebenza okuhlobene ne-DNS, IPv6, nezinye izici ezithuthukisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ikhasi lokusekela elisemthethweni lemodeli yakho ethile , ukhethe inguqulo efanele yehadiwe, bese ulanda amanothi okukhishwa kwedatha noma i-firmware.

Akuwona wonke ama-router athengiswa kuzo zonke izifunda, futhi awatholi izibuyekezo ezifanayo, ngakho-ke ezinye izici ze-DNS ezichazwe kumabhukwana ajwayelekile kungenzeka zingatholakali kuyunithi yakho . Ukugcina i-firmware yakho isesikhathini kubalulekile kokubili ekuphepheni nasekufinyeleleni izinketho zakamuva.

Yimaphi amaseva e-DNS omphakathi athandwa kakhulu futhi anconywayo?

Kunenani elikhulu lamaseva e-DNS omphakathi ongawasebenzisa esikhundleni salawo anikezwa umhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. Amanye abeka phambili isivinini esimsulwa, amanye ukuphepha, amanye ukungabikho kokuhlolwa, noma izilawuli zabazali. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uzame eziningana bese ubona ukuthi iyiphi esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuxhumeka kwakho.

Phakathi kwezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya yilezi:

• I-Google Public DNSInikeza amaseva asheshayo anengqalasizinda eqinile. Amakheli e-IPv4: 8.8.8.8 kanye no-8.8.4.4.
• I-Cloudflare DNSIgxile kakhulu kubumfihlo, ikhangiswa njengesisombululo esisheshayo. I-IPv4: 1.1.1.1 kanye ne-1.0.0.1.
• I-OpenDNS (Cisco): Ihlanganisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kanye nokuhlunga. I-IPv4: 208.67.222.222 kanye ne-208.67.220.220.
• I-Quad9 DNS: kuhloswe ukuvimba izizinda ezinonya kusetshenziswa uhlu lwezinsongo. I-IPv4: 9.9.9.9 kanye ne-149.112.112.112.
• I-Comodo Safe DNS: isevisi ephethwe yinkampani yezokuphepha iComodo, egxile ku Gwema amasayithi ane-malware noma i-phishing. IPv4: 8.26.56.26 kanye no-8.20.247.20.
• I-DNS.BukelaIbeka phambili ukungathathi hlangothi kanye nokungabikho kokuvinjelwa, ngaphandle kokugcina idatha yokuphequlula. I-IPv4: 84.200.69.80 kanye ne-84.200.70.40.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izindlela eziningi: i-Verisign (64.6.64.6 kanye ne-64.6.65.6), i-FreeDNS, i-IBM Quad9, i-Level3, i-CleanBrowsing (enezihlungi zomndeni), i-Neustrar/UltraDNS kanye nohlu olude lwezinye izinsizakalo ezingase zibe mnandi kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ufunani (isivinini, ukulawula kwabazali, ukungavinjelwa, njll.).

Ayikho i-DNS "engumlingo" eyodwa engcono kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukusebenza kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo yakho yangempela, inethiwekhi ye-ISP yakho, umzila wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuminyana kweseva yamanje. Yingakho kungcono ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne -DNS Benchmark noma i-DNS Jumper ukuthola uhlu lwamaseva afanele izidingo zakho ezithile.

Isibonelo, i-DNS Benchmark ikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye ngokushesha amaseva amaningana noma wenze isivivinyo esibanzi kakhulu sezinkulungwane zezinketho emhlabeni jikelele. Ekugcineni, ikukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi ezinikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo kusukela ekuxhumekeni kwakho . I-DNS Jumper, okwamanje, ifaka isici "se-DNS esisheshayo" kanye nezihlungi ze-latency, eziwusizo kakhulu kulabo abafuna nje ukukhetha isevisi esheshayo etholakalayo.

I-DNS, ukuphepha kwe-router, kanye nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe

I-DNS iyingxenye eyodwa nje yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho, kodwa ibalulekile. Ukuze uvimbele umhlaseli ukuthi angasebenzisi kabi amaseva akho noma asebenzise ubuthakathaka be-router, isinyathelo sokuqala ukushintsha iziqinisekiso zokungena ezizenzakalelayo kudivayisi yakho bese ukhubaza noma yikuphi ukufinyelela okukude ongakusebenzisi.

Ukushintsha igama lenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ukuze kugwenywe ukuveza uhlobo kanye nemodeli ye-router, kanye nokugcina i-firmware ibuyekeziwe, nakho kuyasiza. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlasela ngokumelene nokubanjwa kwe-DNS ngedivayisi yenethiwekhi uqobo , isu elivamile elisetshenziswa yizigebengu ze-cyber lapho idivayisi isasebenzisa izilungiselelo zasefekthri.

Ngale kwe-DNS, ungangeza isendlalelo esengeziwe ngamathuluzi afana ne-VPN ethembekile, ebhala yonke ithrafikhi futhi yenze kube nzima kunoma ubani ukubona noma ukuguqula izicelo eziphuma kumadivayisi akho . Amanye amasevisi ahlanganisa amaseva awo e-DNS nomhubhe obethelwe, ngakho-ke umhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi akasakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izizinda ozibuzayo.

Ekugcineni, ukushintsha i-DNS yakho kuyindlela elula yokulungisa engakunika ukukhushulwa okucacile kwesivinini, ukuphepha, kanye nokulawula, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa neminye imikhuba emihle kakhulu: amaphasiwedi aqinile, ama-router abuyekeziwe, isofthiwe ye-antivirus esesikhathini, kanye nokuqonda okuthile lapho uphequlula futhi uvula izixhumanisi.

• Ukukhetha i-DNS kuthinta isivinini, ubumfihlo, kanye nokuphepha.yize i-bandwidth ekhokhelwe ingashintshi.
• Ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS ku-router yakho kusebenzisa ushintsho kuwo wonke amadivayisi.Nakuba ukwenza lokhu kudivayisi ngayinye kuthinta leyo divayisi kuphela.
• Kukhona amaseva e-DNS omphakathi agxile ekusebenzeni, ukuphepha, noma ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa.Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlole ukuthi yiziphi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni yakho.
• Gwema amaseva e-DNS angaziwa futhi uvikele i-router yakho. (i-firmware, amaphasiwedi, izici zokuphepha) ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhutshwa kobugebengu noma ukuhlaselwa kobuqola.