Ungasayina kanjani amadokhumenti ku-Windows: Ihhovisi, i-PDF, nokuningi

Informatec Digital » Windows » Ungasayina kanjani amadokhumenti ku-Windows: Ihhovisi, i-PDF, nokuningi

I-Infographic: Isibonelo sesithombe-skrini sokusayina amadokhumenti ku-Windows.

Ukusayina amadokhumenti avela ku-Windows kungaphezu nje kokubhala phansi i-PDF. Isiginesha yedijithali iqinisekisa umlobi, igcina okuqukethwe, futhi inganikeza isitembu sesikhathi; kanti isiginesha esibhalwe ngesandla noma isithombe sesiginesha sinikeza ukubukeka okubonakalayo kuphela. Kulesi siqondisi esisebenzayo, uzobona ukuthi ungangena kanjani ngemvume ku- Office (Word, Excel, kanye ne-PowerPoint) , ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani nge -AutoFirma yama-PDF, nokuthi yiziphi izinketho onazo nge-Microsoft Edge, ngenkathi futhi ihlanganisa izitifiketi, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokususwa kwesiginesha.

Uma usuvele usebenza ngamadokhumenti nsuku zonke, uzodinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusayina futhi wazi ukuthi yini eqinisekisa ukuthi ngayinye inikeza. Ngokusayina kwedijithali okusekelwe ezitifiketini , umamukeli angaqinisekisa ukuthi ifayela alikashintshwa nokuthi umsayini ungumuntu azibiza ngaye; ngokusayina okulula okubhalwe ngesandla, akunjalo. Ake sibheke ezintweni eziyisisekelo, kodwa ngaphandle kokushiya lutho.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yini i-hashing? Incazelo ephelele, ukusetshenziswa, nokuthi isebenza kanjani ekuvikelekeni kwedijithali.

Iyini isignesha yedijithali ngempela?

Isiginesha yedijithali ifana nesiginesha se-elekthronikhi esibethelwe esisetshenziswa kokuqukethwe kwedijithali (amadokhumenti, ama-macro , ama-imeyili). Lesi siginesha siqinisekisa izinto ezimbili: ukuthi idokhumenti isuka kumsayini nokuthi ayikaze ishintshwe selokhu yasayinwa. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphepha akuhlinzeki ngokubonakala kwesiginesha, kodwa kunalokho nge -cryptography kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi.

Ukuze usayine amadokhumenti ngedijithali, udinga isitifiketi sedijithali esisebenzayo . Lesi sitifiketi sifaka ukhiye wakho womphakathi futhi sikhishwa yigunya lokuqinisekisa elithembekile (i-CA) . Isitifiketi sifana ne-ID ye-elekthronikhi futhi sinosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi (ngokuvamile minyaka yonke), ngakho kuzodingeka usivuselele noma uthole esisha uma siphelelwa yisikhathi.

Amasignesha edijithali anikeza iziqinisekiso ezine eziyinhloko: ubuqiniso (ukuhlonza umsayini), ubuqotho (okuqukethwe akukashintshwa), ukungalahlwa (umsayini akanakuphika ukuthi usayinile) kanye, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, isitifiketi esinesitembu sesikhathi uma idokhumenti inesitembu sesikhathi esivela kuseva ethembekile.

Ukuze lokhu kuthembana kusebenze, kumele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela eminingana: isiginesha kumele sisebenze , isitifiketi asikwazi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, umshicileli kumele athembeke , futhi isitifiketi kumele ukuthi sikhishwe yi-CA egunyaziwe. Ngaphandle kwalezi zidingo, ukuqinisekiswa kungahluleka noma kubonise izixwayiso kumbukeli wedokhumenti.

Thola isitifiketi sedijithali ku-Windows

Uma uzoshintshana ngamadokhumenti asayiniwe nabantu besithathu, kungcono ukuthola isitifiketi sakho ku- third-party Certificate Authority (CA ) eyaziwayo. Izikhungo eziningi zomphakathi, izinkampani, kanye nabahlinzeki abagunyaziwe bakhipha izitifiketi, futhi kukhona nezinketho zamahhala. Lesi sitifiketi sizovumela abanye ukuthi baqinisekise isiginesha yakho ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukusebenzisa njengereferensi.

Uma udinga ukusayina amadokhumenti ngokushesha futhi ungafuni ukuwathenga, i-Windows ne-Office zikuvumela ukuthi udale isitifiketi sakho ukuze sisetshenziswe ngokushesha endaweni okuyo. Khumbula ukuthi le ndlela ihloselwe ukuhlola noma izimo zangaphakathi, njengoba ukuqinisekiswa komuntu wesithathu kungadinga isitifiketi esikhishwe yigunya elithembekile langaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe jikelele.

Ku-Windows, ungabuka izitifiketi zomuntu siqu esitolo sezitifiketi zesistimu. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezidala, kwakujwayelekile ukuzifinyelela nge- Internet Explorer ngokuya kuthebhu ethi Amathuluzi > Izinketho ze-Inthanethi > Okuqukethwe > Izitifiketi > Ithebhu Yomuntu siqu. Nakuba i-IE ingasasetshenziswa, isitolo sezitifiketi sisasebenza futhi sabelwana ngaso yi -Edge ngisho ne-Chrome.

Ukungena ngemvume ku-Microsoft Office: Imigqa Ebonakalayo Nengabonakali

I-Office inezela isici esiwusizo kakhulu: umugqa wesiginesha . Uyiphawu olufana nomugqa obungawubona kudokhumenti ephrintiwe, kodwa olunemisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ikuvumela ukuthi ucacise ukuthi ubani okufanele asayine, ukuthi yimiphi imiyalelo okufanele ayilandele, futhi ikhiqize isiginesha yedijithali lapho umamukeli eqeda inqubo.

Uma ufaka umugqa wesiginesha ku-Word noma ku-Excel, umbhali angacacisa imininingwane yomuntu ohlose ukusayina (igama, isihloko, i-imeyili) kanye nemiyalelo efana nokuthi "buyekeza okuqukethwe ngaphambi kokusayina." Uma ifayela le-elekthronikhi lithunyelwa kumuntu ofanele, uzobona umugqa kanye nesaziso esicela ukusayina kwakhe . Ngokuthwebula isithombe sakhe esibonakalayo (esithayishiwe, esibhalwe ngesandla, noma esithathwe ngezithombe), i-Office ingeza isiginesha yedijithali ngasikhathi sinye ukuqinisekisa ubuwena bakhe.

Dala umugqa wesiginesha ku-Word noma i-Excel

Ukuze ufake umugqa wesiginesha kudokhumenti noma kuspredishithi yakho, beka ikhesa lakho lapho ofuna livele khona bese uya ku -Insert > Signature Line ngaphakathi kweqembu le-Text. Ebhokisini lezilungiselelo, ungagcwalisa izinkambu ezizoboniswa ngaphansi komugqa.

1. Faka ifayela le- inombolo womsayini ophakanyisiwe.
2. Engeza, uma kufanele, i- isikhundla noma isihloko ochwepheshe.
3. Kubandakanya i ikheli leposi yomayini (kuyakhetheka).
4. Bhala imiyalo okomuntu osayinayo (isb. ukuhlola ukunemba kokuqukethwe ngaphambi kokusayina).
5. Yenza kusebenze uma ufuna lezi zinketho: vumela imibono womsayini futhi ubonise i usuku isignesha emgqeni.

Uma idokhumenti idinga amasignesha amaningi, phinda inqubo ukuze wengeze imigqa eminingi ezindaweni ezifanele. Ngale ndlela, umuntu ngamunye uzokwazi ukuthi kufanele asayine kuphi, futhi umsebenzi uzocaca.

Sayina umugqa wesiginesha

Umamukeli wefayela kufanele azulazule phezu komugqa, achofoze kwesokudla, bese ukhetha u-Sign . Uma idokhumenti ivulwe ku-Protected View futhi ithembekile, kufanele achofoze u-"Hlela noma kunjalo" ukuze aqhubeke.

1. Ungabhala igama lakho ukuze a isiginesha ethayiphiwe eduze kwe-X.
2. Uma unedivayisi yokuthinta noma ithebhulethi, ungakwazi dweba isignesha emdwebeni.
3. Noma ungasebenzisa eyodwa isithombe sesiginesha yakho ngokuthi "Khetha Isithombe" bese ukhetha ifayela kukhompuyutha yakho.
4. Ukuze uqedele, khetha Sayina. I-Office izokwengeza isiginesha yedijithali futhi ibonise inkinobho ethi "Amasiginesha" ngezansi.

Uma seliqediwe, idokhumenti izobonisa ukuthi ifaka phakathi amasignesha edijithali , futhi ungabuka imininingwane kusuka kuphaneli yesiginesha ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso, umkhiphi wesitifiketi, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluthembekile.

Susa amasiginesha edijithali abonakalayo

Uma wenze iphutha noma udinga ukuphinda inqubo, ungasusa isiginesha ngokuchofoza kwesokudla emgqeni wesiginesha bese ukhetha okuthi "Susa isiginesha." Uhlelo luzocela isiqinisekiso; uma sekuqinisekisiwe, isiginesha sizosuswa futhi idokhumenti izobuyela esimweni sayo sokuhleleka.

Amasiginesha edijithali angabonakali ku-Word, Excel, kanye ne-PowerPoint

Uma ukhetha ukungabonisi ibhokisi lesiginesha elibonakalayo, i-Office ikuvumela futhi ukuthi usayine ngokungabonakali . Isiginesha sifakwe efayeleni futhi siboniswa yinkinobho ethi "Siginesha" kanye nolwazi ngaphakathi kokubuka kwefayela > Ulwazi.

Ukuze uyifake, iya ku -File > Info , khetha izinketho zokuvikela amadokhumenti, bese uchofoza okuthi "Engeza isiginesha yedijithali." I-Office izobonisa isaziso esinemininingwane mayelana nenqubo; bese, ebhokisini leSiginesha, bonisa inhloso yesiginesha bese uqinisekisa ngokuthi "Sayina."

Uma kufakwa isiginesha, ifayela liba yi-read-only ukuvimbela izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe. Uma udinga ukuyihlela futhi, kufanele ususe isiginesha noma udale inguqulo entsha yedokhumenti.

Ukuze ususe isiginesha esingabonakali, buyela ku -File > Info bese uvula iphaneli yesiginesha. Eceleni kwegama lomsayini, chofoza umcibisholo, khetha okuthi "Susa isiginesha," bese uqinisekisa ngokuthi "Yebo." Lokhu kuzobuyisela ifayela esimweni salo sokuhleleka, okuvumela ukuthi lisayinwe futhi kamuva.

Sayina imibhalo ye-PDF nge-AutoFirm (Windows)

I-AutoFirma iyithuluzi lamahhala elivela kuMnyango Wezomnotho kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwedijithali elenzelwe ukusayina amadokhumenti ngogesi. Lithembekile, liyahambisana nezitifiketi ezivamile (p12/pfx), futhi liguquguquka kakhulu kumasignesha abonakalayo nama-watermark.

Landa futhi ufake i-AutoFirma

Landa njalo kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Electronic Administration Portal: https://firmaelectronica.gob.es/Home/Descargas.html. Lapho uzothola khona abafaki be- Windows (32/64 bits) , i-Linux, kanye ne-macOS. Khetha leyo ehambisana nesistimu yakho.

Kukhompyutha ye-Windows 10 engama-bit angu-64, landa iphakheji ye-AutoFirma ye-Windows 64-bit (ifayela le-AutoFirma64.zip). Vula ifayela, sebenzisa isifaki (isibonelo, i-AutoFirma_64_v1_6_5_installer.exe), bese uqedela i-wizard. Uma isiqedile, uhlelo lokusebenza luzofakwa futhi lulungele ukusayinwa.

Lungiselela isitifiketi sedijithali ku-Windows

Ukuze usayine, uzodinga isitifiketi esivumelekile, esifakwe esitolo sesitifiketi se-Windows noma esitholakala kufayela le- p12/pfx . Uma unaso kufayela, sifake ngokuchofoza kabili noma ngokuchofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha okuthi "Faka i-PFX".

I-wizard izokubuza ngesitolo sendawo oya kuyo : Umsebenzisi Wamanje (womsebenzisi wakho kuphela) noma iKhompyutha Yasendaweni (yabo bonke abasebenzisi). Faka iphasiwedi yesitifiketi, vumela ukuvikelwa kokhiye oyimfihlo, bese ukhetha inketho ethunyelwayo uma ufuna ukukwazi ukuyikhipha esikhathini esizayo. Ungavumela iWindows ukuthi ikhethe ngokuzenzakalelayo isitolo "Somuntu Siqu".

Ngemva kokwamukela, isitifiketi sizofakwa futhi sitholakale ku- Internet Explorer/Edge/Chrome . Uma usebenzisa i-Firefox, khumbula ukuthi iphatha isitolo sayo sezitifiketi, futhi kuzodingeka usingenise kusuka kusiphequluli uqobo. I-AutoFirma ithola izitifiketi zesistimu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uzikhethe kufayela noma esitolo sezitifiketi se -Firefox.

Sayina i-PDF nge-AutoFirma

Vula i-AutoFirma bese uchofoza okuthi " Khetha amafayela ozowasayina ." Khetha i-PDF ofuna ukuyisayina. Uhlelo lokusebenza luzobona ukuthi yi-PDF futhi luzokunikeza izinketho ezimbili zengxenye ebonakalayo:

• Isiginesha ebonakalayo Ku-PDF: engeza ibhokisi elinesithombe (isiginesha yakho eskeniwe) nombhalo.
• Uphawu olubonakalayo (i-watermark): Faka isithombe ekhasini elilodwa noma amaningi endaweni oyicacisayo.

Ungenza zombili izinketho zisebenze. Uma uchofoza okuthi "Sayina," khetha ikhasi nendawo lapho ibhokisi lesiginesha lizoya khona. I-AutoFirma ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izixhumanisi, ububanzi, nokuphakama , futhi udale nekhasi elingenalutho ekugcineni ukuze ubeke isiginesha yakho uma uthanda.

Engeza isithombe sesiginesha sakho esibhalwe ngesandla (ngamafomethi afana ne -JPEG, i-GIF, noma i-PNG ) kanye nombhalo ofuna ukuwubonisa. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sithombe senzelwe ubuhle kuphela; ukusebenza okusemthethweni kunikezwa yisiginesha yedijithali ngokusekelwe esitifiketini sakho . Buyekeza ukubuka kuqala, futhi uma konke kubukeka kulungile, yamukela. Ungalondoloza lezi zilungiselelo ukuze uzisebenzise kamuva.

Uma ufaka uphawu olubonakalayo, umsizi uzocela isithombe (isibonelo, ilogo) kanye nendawo yaso. Lokhu kuyasiza ekugqamiseni ubunikazi bombhali noma ukuhlonza inhlangano kumadokhumenti asemthethweni noma enkampani.

Manje khetha isitifiketi sedijithali ozosisebenzisa ukusayina. I-AutoFirma ibonisa izitifiketi zesistimu, kodwa ungashintsha umthombo (isitolo se-Firefox noma ifayela le-p12/pfx). Kuye ngezilungiselelo zokuphepha ezilungiselelwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa, uzocelwa ukuthi uqinisekise noma iphasiwedi yesitifiketi .

Ekugcineni, nquma ukuthi uzoyigcina kuphi i-PDF esayiniwe kanye negama lefayela (i-AutoFirma ivame ukwengeza isijobelelo esithi "_signed"). Uma isiqediwe, uzobona isaziso sokuthi inqubo iphele ngempumelelo, futhi ungavula idokhumenti ukuqinisekisa umphumela.

Uma uvula i-PDF nomfundi wakho (isibonelo, i-Adobe Acrobat Reader), kufanele ubone umlayezo wokuqinisekisa obonisa ukuthi ifayela lisayiniwe nokuthi amasignesha ayasebenza. Kusuka kuphaneli yesiginesha, ungabuka "Imininingwane yesiginesha" kanye "Nemininingwane Yesitifiketi" ukuqinisekisa umkhiphi, isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nezinye izakhiwo.

Ngena ngemvume nge-Microsoft Edge namanye amathuluzi

Uma udinga ukudweba ngokushesha isiginesha ku-PDF futhi ungafuni ukufaka lutho, i-Microsoft Edge ifaka amathuluzi okubhala angasiza. Khumbula ukuthi lesi isiginesha esibonakalayo, hhayi isiginesha yedijithali ye-cryptographic.

• Vula PDF ku-Edge.
• Sebenzisa ibha yamathuluzi yokuhlela/yokubuka ephezulu.
• Khetha Dweba futhi ilungisa umbala nokujiya kwe-stroke.
• Landelela isiginesha yakho ngegundane lakho, ngomunwe, noma ngothi lokuloba esikrinini esithintwayo.

I-Adobe Acrobat Reader ikuvumela futhi ukuthi wengeze isiginesha esibhalwe ngesandla ngokungenisa isithombe noma ukusidweba. Izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-SmallPDF zisekela lezi zinketho futhi zikuvumela nokuthi uthwebule isiginesha esibhalwe ngesandla ngekhamera yakho . Khumbula: lezi ziginesha zilula futhi ziyashesha, kodwa azithathi indawo yesiginesha yedijithali ngesitifiketi uma udinga ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza Zesiginesha: Iyiphi Ongayikhetha Futhi Imiphi Imikhawulo Ekhona?

Kunezinhlelo zansuku zonke (i-Word, i-Adobe Acrobat) ezingasayina amadokhumenti eziwakhiqizayo, kodwa zinezinkinga ezimbili ezivamile : akubona bonke abadali bamadokhumenti abawasayinayo, futhi umamukeli ngokuvamile udinga uhlelo lokusebenza olufanayo ukuqinisekisa isiginesha ngendlela efanele.

Amathuluzi okusayina kagesi anikezelwe (njenge- AutoFirma ) anqoba lezi zithiyo: angasayina cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwefayela futhi akhululekile ukulanda. Ngezinqubo zokuphatha noma imisebenzi yedokhumenti ehlelekile, i-AutoFirma ivame ukuba yindlela efanele kakhulu.

Qinisekisa, hoxisa futhi uqonde ukufaneleka

Ngemva kokusayina, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ubuqiniso besiginesha. Ababukeli bazobonisa ukuthi isitifiketi siyasebenza yini, ukuthi uchungechunge lokwethenjwa lulungile yini, nokuthi okuqukethwe akukashintshwa yini selokhu kwasayinwa. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, uzobona izexwayiso mayelana nesitifiketi esiphelelwe yisikhathi noma umkhiphi ongaziwa.

Iziphathimandla ezikhipha izitifiketi zingahoxisa izitifiketi (isibonelo, uma ukhiye usengozini). Izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa zibheka uhlu lokuhoxisa noma izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitifiketi sihlala sithembekile . Yingakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izitifiketi ezivela kuma-CA agunyaziwe.

Uma ifayela le-Office lithola isitembu sesikhathi esivela kuseva evikelekile , leso siginesha sithola izimfanelo zokuqinisekiswa ezimweni ezithile, okusiza ukuqinisa uchungechunge lokwethembana futhi kubeke usuku lwesikhathi sokusayina ngokungenakuphikiswa.

Amathiphu asebenzayo namaphutha avamile

Ngaphambi kokusayina, qinisekisa ukuthi isitifiketi sakho sisebenza futhi sigcinwe endaweni efanele (Yomuntu Siqu, Umsebenzisi, noma Ikhompyutha). Uma usebenzisa i-AutoFirma, hlola ukuthi isitifiketi sivela kusikhethi saso noma ifayela le- p12/pfx kanye nephasiwedi yalo sekulungile.

E-Office, nquma ukuthi udinga umugqa obonakalayo ukuze uqondise umsayini noma uma ukhetha isiginesha esingabonakali ukuze ugweme ukuthinta umklamo. Khumbula ukuthi uma ususayinile, idokhumenti ingase ibe eyokufundwayo kuphela, ngakho-ke yenza zonke izinguquko ngaphambi kokusayina.

Uma umamukeli engakwazi ukuqinisekisa isiginesha, isitifiketi singase singaveli ku- CA ethembekile yesistimu yakhe. Ezindaweni ezivaliwe kakhulu, ikhambi elilodwa ukusabalalisa isitifiketi sempande/esiphakathi senhlangano ukuze kusungulwe ukuthembana . Ezindaweni ezivulekile, sebenzisa njalo i-CA yomphakathi eyaziwayo.

Uma ufaka isithombe sesiginesha sakho ku-PDF, khumbula ukuthi siwubuhle kuphela . Okuqinisekisa ngempela isiginesha isiginesha yedijithali esekelwe esitifiketini sakho; yilokho umamukeli azokubona kuphaneli yesiginesha lapho ehlola imininingwane.

Izinsiza eziwusizo nezinkomba

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokusayina kwedijithali e-Office, ungabheka imibhalo esemthethweni kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Isibonelo, iziqondiso ezisebenzayo zokusayina amadokhumenti e-PDF nabafundi abadumile kanye nezinto ezivela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni ezichaza ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi.

• Umhlahlandlela we-FNMT kumaSiginesha e-PDF: Landa i-PDF (ukuqinisekiswa kanye nephaneli yabasayinayo)
• Umhlahlandlela Wokuphathwa kwe-Aragon: Landa i-PDF (izinketho ze isignesha kagesi (ku-PDF)

Ukwazi kahle la mathuluzi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uphendule cishe kunoma yisiphi isidingo: kusukela ekuceleni othile ukuthi asayine idokhumenti ye-Word enomugqa wesiginesha kuya ekuvaleni inkontileka ye-PDF ne-AutoFirma, noma ukwengeza isiginesha esibhalwe ngesandla ku-Edge uma udinga uphawu olubonakalayo kuphela . Ngesitifiketi esivumelekile, imiyalelo ecacile, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokugcina, ukusayina kwedijithali ku-Windows kuba inqubo elula nethembekile.