Usuku Lwephasiwedi Lomhlaba Wonke: imvelaphi, incazelo kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu

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Usuku Lwephasiwedi Lomhlaba Wonke seluyisikhumbuzo esibalulekile sento esivame ukuyikhohlwa: amaphasiwedi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke ayisithiyo esihlukanisa izimpilo zethu zedijithali nezigebengu ze-inthanethi. Ukungena ngakunye ku-imeyili, ebhange eliku-inthanethi, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma ezinkundleni zomsebenzi kuncike, ngezinga elikhulu, ekutheni siwaphatha kahle kangakanani (noma kabi) amaphasiwedi ethu.

Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengesihloko sobuchwepheshe noma esiyisicefe, iqiniso liwukuthi iphasiwedi elula ebuthakathaka ingavula umnyango wokukhwabanisa ngezezimali , ukwebiwa kobunikazi, noma ukuvuza kwedatha yomuntu siqu neyobungcweti ebucayi kakhulu. Yingakho lolu suku, olugujwa njalo ngoLwesine lokuqala lukaMeyi, lusebenza njengesizathu esifanele sokubukeza imikhuba yethu, ukuthuthukisa amaphasiwedi ethu, nokufunda ngamathuluzi enza impilo ibe lula ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.

Luyini uSuku Lwephasiwedi Lomhlaba futhi lugujwa nini?

Usuku Lwephasiwedi Lomhlaba lugujwa ngoLwesine lokuqala lukaMeyi futhi luhlose ukukhulisa ulwazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngokubaluleka kokusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi aphethwe kahle. Akulona nje olunye usuku ekhalendeni: luhlose ukukhuthaza izigidi zabantu ukuthi basebenzise lolu suku ukuze babuyekeze amaphasiwedi abo, bawashintshe uma kudingeka, futhi basebenzise imikhuba emihle yokuphatha amaphasiwedi.

Ngalolu suku, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinhlangano zabasebenzisi ngokuvamile ziqala imikhankaso, iziqondiso, kanye nezikhumbuzo ezikhuthaza wonke umuntu ukuthi ahlole isimo seziqinisekiso zakhe zokungena ngemvume. Zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokungasebenzisi kabusha amaphasiwedi, zandisa ubunzima bawo, futhi zisebenzise izendlalelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela njengokuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili.

Ukukhetha uLwesine lokuqala ngoMeyi akuyona into eyenzekile ngengozi. Inhloso kwakuwukuthola isikhathi sonyaka esingenazo ezinye izehlakalo ezinkulu ezingaphazamisa umyalezo wokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. Ngale ndlela, kugxilwe ekuvikelweni kwedatha nasekunciphiseni ingozi yokwephulwa kwezokuphepha.

Empeleni, lolu suku seluyisikhumbuzo esivamile ezinkampanini kanye nezakhamuzi ukuthi zibukeze izinqubomgomo nemikhuba yazo yokuphepha kwedijithali, zithole ubuthakathaka, futhi zizivumelanise nesimo lapho ukuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi kuya ngokuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kuvame kakhulu.

Umsuka nomlando woSuku Lwephasiwedi Lomhlaba

Umsuka walolu suku uqala emsebenzini womcwaningi wezokuphepha uMark Burnett . Ngo-2005, washicilela incwadi ethi "Perfect Passwords," lapho akhuthaza khona abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amaphasiwedi aqinile, ahlukile, futhi okunzima ukuwabikezela, futhi waphakamisa obala umqondo wokunikezela usuku oluthile ekuqwashiseni ngokubaluleka kwamaphasiwedi.

UBurnett ugcizelele ukuthi abantu abaningi bavame ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqagelwayo kakhulu , bawasebenzise kabusha kuzo zonke izinsizakalo ezahlukene, futhi abalokothi bawashintshe, okwenza umsebenzi wezigebengu ze-inthanethi ube lula kakhulu. Isiphakamiso sakhe "sosuku lwephasiwedi" sihlose ngqo ukuyeka lo mkhuba, sikhuthaza abantu ukuthi babuyekeze futhi babuyekeze amaphasiwedi abo okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-2013, i-Intel Security yamukela lo mbono futhi yawumisa ngokusemthethweni lo mcimbi. Bamemezela uLwesine lokuqala lukaMeyi njengoSuku Lomhlaba Wonke Lwephasiwedi, behlose ukuwuguqula ube umkhankaso wokuqwashisa womhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, usuku luye lwaqina kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Lesi sinyathelo samukelwa ngokushesha yizinhlangano zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi , amawebhusayithi akhethekile, kanye namapulatifomu amakhulu edijithali. Iningi labo lisebenzisa lolu suku ukwethula izincomo, amathuluzi okuhlola iphasiwedi, kanye nezikhumbuzi zokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili.

Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe yizingosi zezibalo ezifana ne-Statista, abasebenzisi be-inthanethi abangaphezu kuka-60% bathi bashintshe amaphasiwedi abo ngesikhathi esithile ngenxa yemikhankaso yokuqwashisa ehlobene nalolu suku. Lesi sibalo sibonisa umthelela wangempela umcimbi oklanywe kahle ongaba nawo emikhubeni yokuphepha kwedijithali.

Imithombo efana ne-National Today iqokomisa ukuthi lolu suku lube yisihluthulelo ekuqwashiseni ngesidingo sokuvuselela amaphasiwedi njalo nokugwema ukuhlanganiswa okusobala noma lokho okusekelwe kudatha yomuntu siqu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ukudalwa kwe-World Password Day kwaphawula inkathi yokushintsha endleleni ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi okubhekwana ngayo ngokombono womsebenzisi wokugcina.

Kungani amaphasiwedi ebaluleke kangaka ekuphepheni kwakho kwedijithali

Amaphasiwedi asebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kuma-akhawunti ethu. Noma iyiphi insizakalo ongena kuyo—i-imeyili, imithombo yezokuxhumana, amabhange, ezempilo, amapulatifomu ezinkampani—incike ekutheni leyo phasiwedi iqine ngokwanele ukumelana nokuhlaselwa.

Kusukela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency kuya kwi-National Cybersecurity Institute yaseSpain, umyalezo uyafana: amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka noma asetshenziswe kabusha ayimbangela yengxenye enkulu yokwephulwa kwedatha. Emikhakheni ebucayi njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezezimali, izifundo ezishicilelwe emaphephandabeni ahamba phambili zibonisa ukuthi cishe u-80% wokwephulwa kwedatha kuvela ekwebiweni noma ekuphucweni kweziqinisekiso.

Ukuze baqonde kangcono lokhu, ochwepheshe abaningi baqhathanisa isimo nomhlaba ongokoqobo: ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi elula noma ukuyisebenzisa kabusha ezinsizeni eziningi kufana nokukhiya umnyango wakho wangaphambili kodwa ushiye ukhiye kukhiye. Uma ubheka kuqala, konke kubonakala kuphephile, kodwa iphutha elincane yilokho okudingekayo ukuze noma ubani angene ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.

Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwezixwayiso eziphindaphindwayo, izinhlanganisela ezifana nokuthi “123456” noma “iphasiwedi” ziyaqhubeka nokuvela ohlwini lwamaphasiwedi asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni . Lawa amaphasiwedi okulula kakhulu ukuwaqagela angatholakala cishe ngokushesha ngokuhlasela ngamandla noma ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo okulula kwalawo avame kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa iphasiwedi efanayo kuzo zonke izinsizakalo eziningi kwandisa inkinga: uma iwebhusayithi eyodwa ihlushwa ukwephulwa kwedatha futhi leyo phasiwedi ifana naleyo oyisebenzisela i-imeyili yakho, izinkundla zokuxhumana, noma amabhange aku-inthanethi, umhlaseli angahlanganisa ukufinyelela futhi adale umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Indlela yokudala amaphasiwedi aphephile futhi okulula ukuwaphatha

Ukudala amaphasiwedi aqinile akuyona into engenakwenzeka yokuhlanganisa izinto; kumayelana nokwamukela imikhuba embalwa elula nokunamathela kuyo. Kuneziqondiso eziyisisekelo ezikusiza ukuthi udale iphasiwedi eqinile ngempela ngaphandle kokukwenza uhlanye uzama ukuyikhumbula.

Elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile ubude bephasiwedi . Kunconywa ukuthi ibe okungenani izinhlamvu eziyi-10 ubude, futhi ezimweni eziningi ibe yinde nakakhulu. Uma iphasiwedi iyinde, inani lenhlanganisela engenzeka liyanda futhi kuzoba nzima ngohlelo oluzenzakalelayo ukuyiqhekeza kusetshenziswa amandla amakhulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu ezikhethekile . Le nhlanganisela yandisa ubunzima besihluthulelo. Indlela evamile ihilela ukufaka ezinye izinhlamvu ngezinombolo ezifanayo, njengokusebenzisa u-3 esikhundleni sika-E, u-4 esikhundleni sika-A, u-1 esikhundleni sika-I, noma u-0 esikhundleni sika-O. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukugwema amaphethini aqagelwayo kakhulu aziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

Elinye icebiso elibalulekile ukugwema ulwazi lomuntu siqu olusobala kumaphasiwedi akho. Izinsuku zokuzalwa, izinombolo zomazisi, amagama ezingane noma abalingani, amakheli, nezinombolo zocingo konke kulwazi olungase luvezwe noma kube lula ukuluqagela. Esikhundleni salokho, izinkumbulo zomuntu siqu ezingacacile kakhulu ongazabelani ngazo ngokuvamile zingasebenza njengesisekelo sokudala igama lokungena elide neliphephile.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukugwema ukulandelana kwekhibhodi noma izinombolo ezi-odiwe njenge-“123456”, “000000”, noma “i-qwerty”. Nakuba kulula ukuzikhumbula, ziyinhlanganisela yokuqala abahlaseli abayizamayo, ngoba izigidi zabasebenzisi ziyaqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa.

Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile batusa ukushintsha amaphasiwedi njalo . Isiqondiso esihle siwukuthi njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu noma ezine, yize kunengqondo futhi ukuwashintsha uma kukhona inkomba yokuthi kungenzeka kube nokwephulwa kwedatha noma lapho isevisi ikuncoma ngemva kwesigameko sokuphepha.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukungabhali phansi amaphasiwedi ephepheni noma ukuwashiya emanothini abonakalayo, kumadokhumenti angavikelekile, noma ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungenangozi, kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokuthi othile athole amaphasiwedi akho ngomzamo omncane.

Abaphathi bamaphasiwedi: abalingani bokugwema ukuhlanya

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa amaphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlukile ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwakhumbula wonke uma uwaphatha ngesandla. Yilapho abaphathi bamaphasiwedi bengena khona—amathuluzi aklanyelwe ngqo ukwenza kube lula lokho obekuyoba yisiphithiphithi.

Umphathi wephasiwedi uhlelo lokusebenza—lwendawo noma olusekelwe efwini— olukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo, lugcine, futhi lugcwalise amaphasiwedi akho. Udinga ukukhumbula iphasiwedi eyodwa enamandla enamandla ekunika ukufinyelela kokunye. Ukusuka lapho, umphathi angakha inhlanganisela ende neyinkimbinkimbi engahleliwe yesevisi ngayinye ngaphandle kokuthi ubambe ngekhanda.

Iziqondiso eziningi zokwenza kahle, njengalezo ezithuthukiswe yi- Telefónica Tech esiqondisweni sayo samaphuzu ayishumi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi okuphephile, zigcizelela ukuba usizo kwabaphathi bamaphasiwedi. Zinciphisa ingozi yokusebenzisa amaphasiwedi kabusha, zenze kube lula ukushintsha amaphasiwedi njalo, futhi zikuvimbele ekusebenziseni amaphethini alula ukuze kube lula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlelo zivame ukufaka izici zokuhlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amaphasiwedi akho aphucwe kuma-database omphakathi ngemuva kokwephulwa kokuphepha. Uma bethola inkinga, bayakwazisa ukuze ukwazi ukushintsha iphasiwedi yakho ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ithuba lokuba sengozini.

Uma ihlelwe kahle, umphathi wephasiwedi uba yinsika ebalulekile yokuphepha kwakho kwedijithali , ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izinsizakalo eziningi ezahlukene noma usebenza ezindaweni lapho kuphathwa khona idatha ebucayi, njengezinkampani emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, wezezimali, noma wokuphatha.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili: isendlalelo esengeziwe esenza umehluko omkhulu

Kanye namaphasiwedi aqinile, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili (noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili, i-2FA) sekungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela ama-akhawunti. Umqondo ulula: ngaphezu kwephasiwedi yakho, udinga isici sesibili sokuqinisekisa ukuze ungene ngemvume.

Lesi sici sesibili singafika nge- SMS, i-imeyili, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokuqinisekisa ezikhiqiza amakhodi esikhashana. Isikhathi ngasinye uma uzama ukungena kusuka kudivayisi entsha, noma ngezikhathi ezithile, ucelwa ukuthi ufake le khodi eyengeziwe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngomuntu ukuthola ukufinyelela noma ngabe uthole iphasiwedi yakho.

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke kanye nezinhlangano ezifana ne -National Cybersecurity Institute yaseSpain zibheka lesi sigaba esengeziwe cishe njengesibalulekile ezinsizeni ezibalulekile: i-imeyili eyinhloko, ibhange, amanethiwekhi ochwepheshe, kanye namapulatifomu ezinkampani. Izinkampani eziningi sezivele zifake le nketho ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ziyidinga kubasebenzi bazo.

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili ukuthi kunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wokwephulwa kwephasiwedi okungenzeka. Umhlaseli ontshontshe iphasiwedi yakho usazodinga ukufinyelela kufoni yakho yeselula, i-imeyili, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqinisekisa ukuze aqedele inqubo, okuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukuyithola.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindlela ze-biometric ezifana nokuqaphela izigxivizo zeminwe kanye nokubona ubuso nazo seziqalile ukusetshenziswa , ezisetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvula eyengeziwe kumadivayisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nakuba zingashintshi ngokuphelele amaphasiwedi, ziqinisa ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi futhi zenze ukufinyelela okuphephile kube lula kakhulu.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu namaphutha avamile lapho usebenzisa amaphasiwedi

Naphezu kwemikhankaso eminingi namathiphu, imikhuba emibi eminingi yephasiwedi isaqhubeka. Ukuyibona kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuyilungisa nokunciphisa izingozi ekuphileni kwethu kwedijithali kwansuku zonke.

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukusebenzisa kabusha iphasiwedi efanayo kumasevisi amaningi. Uma ipulatifomu eyodwa ihlushwa ukuphepha futhi leyo phasiwedi ivuza, umhlaseli angazama kwamanye amasayithi aziwayo (i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, amabhange) futhi aphindaphinde umonakalo ongaba khona.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukuthembela kuma-imeyili noma imiyalezo esolisayo ekucela ukuthi ubuyekeze iphasiwedi yakho ngezixhumanisi ezifakwe kumlayezo ngokwawo. Le ndlela ivamile ekuhlaselweni kwe-phishing: bazenza amabhange, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, noma izinkampani ezaziwayo ukuze bakhohlise ukuthi ufake iziqinisekiso zakho kuwebhusayithi mbumbulu.

Kuyingozi futhi ukugcina amaphasiwedi kumadokhumenti angavikelekile kukhompyutha yakho, ocingweni lwakho, noma kumasevisi efu, kanye nokuwabhala phansi kumanothi angokoqobo edeskini lakho, kuma-planner, kumanothi anamathelayo anamathiselwe kwi-monitor yakho, noma ezindaweni ezifanayo. Noma ubani onokufinyelela ngezikhathi ezithile angase awathathe izithombe noma awakopishe ngaphandle kokuthi wena uqaphele.

Ngenxa yalezi zimo ezibucayi, ochwepheshe batusa ukubuyekeza njalo umsebenzi we-akhawunti yakho , ukuvumela izexwayiso zokungena ngemvume ezivela kumadivayisi amasha noma nini lapho kungenzeka, nokushintsha ngokushesha noma yimaphi amaphasiwedi uma uthola ukufinyelela okusolisayo noma uthola izaziso zokwephulwa kwedatha ezivela kusevisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungabelani ngamaphasiwedi nanoma ubani, ngisho nabangani abaseduze noma umndeni. Ngisho noma uthembana, ukwabelana kwandisa ingozi yokuthi amaphasiwedi agcinwe ezindaweni ezingaphephile noma asetshenziswe kabusha kwezinye izinsizakalo. Uma umuntu wesithathu edinga ukufinyelela kwesikhashana, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukukhiqiza iziqinisekiso ezithile noma ukusebenzisa izici zokwabelana ngokuphephile lapho ipulatifomu ivumela lokho.

Ukubaluleka kwamaphasiwedi ezinkampanini

Ezweni lezinkampani, ukuphathwa kwamaphasiwedi kungaphezu nje kwesincomo: kuyinsika ebalulekile yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwebhizinisi . I-akhawunti eyodwa esengozini ingaholela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kumanethiwekhi angaphakathi, ukuvuza kwedatha yamakhasimende, isidingo sokuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu , ukuphazamiseka kwensizakalo, noma ngisho nokusongela ngezezimali.

Izinkampani kumele zisungule izinqubomgomo ezicacile zokudala nokusetshenziswa kwamaphasiwedi, okuhlanganisa izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinguquko eziqhubekayo, kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokusebenzisa kabusha amaphasiwedi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zangaphakathi ezahlukene. Kungumkhuba ovamile ukufuna abasebenzi ukuthi bakhe amaphasiwedi anobude obuthile futhi anezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukunikeza abasebenzi ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo ngemikhuba emihle yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi . Akwanele ukumane ubeke izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe uma abasebenzisi bengaqondi izingozi zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukusebenzisa amadivayisi omuntu siqu angavikelekile, noma ukwabelana ngeziqinisekiso nozakwabo ukuze "benze izinto ngokushesha."

Izinkampani ezigxile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, njenge-NexTReT kanye nezinye emkhakheni, zivame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokwakha isiko lokuphepha kwedijithali . Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe—abaphathi beziqinisekiso zenkampani, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi, ukuqapha ukufinyelela—nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa yangaphakathi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo okuvamile.

Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwabaphathi bamaphasiwedi ebhizinisi kanye nezinhlelo zobunikazi ezihlanganisiwe kuvumela ukwabiwa okuphephile, ukuhoxiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokufinyelela. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi abasebenzi bangaphambilini bagcine iziqinisekiso ezisebenzayo noma ukwabelana ngamaphasiwedi okungalawulwa.

Ngokukhula komsebenzi osebenza kude kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinsizakalo zamafu, amaphasiwedi aqinile kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili kwamathuluzi ezinkampani sekubalulekile. Umngcele wenkampani awuseyona nje ihhovisi: noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okukude kungaba yindawo yokungena yomhlaseli uma kungavikelekile kahle.

Ekugcineni, kokubili kuzilungiselelo zomuntu siqu nezobungcweti, ukuphathwa kahle kwephasiwedi kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengqalasizinda esengozini kanye nendawo evikelwe kahle. Ukusebenzisa i-World Password Day ukuze ubukeze lezi zinqubomgomo kuyithuba elihle lokuphakamisa izinga lokuphepha ngaphandle kokudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.

Njalo ngoLwesine lokuqala lukaMeyi kusikhumbuza ukuthi, yize ukuphatha amaphasiwedi kungabonakala kuyinto evamile noma eyisicefe, umzamo uyakufanelekela . Ukwamukela amaphasiwedi amade, ahlukile, futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenzisa abaphathi bamaphasiwedi, ukuvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili, nokuhlala uqaphile ngokumelene nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kuyizinyathelo ezilula ezinciphisa kakhulu amathuba okubhekana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Ukushintsha imikhuba embalwa namuhla kungasisindisa ezinkingeni eziningi esikhathini esizayo sethu sedijithali.

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