- Ukuphepha okuyisisekelo ku-inthanethi kuhlanganisa imikhuba emihle, izilungiselelo zobumfihlo, amaphasiwedi aqinile, kanye nokuqonda kwedijithali.
- Ukuvikela amadivayisi, amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, abasizi ababonakalayo, namadivayisi e-IoT kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi ye-malware, ukweba, kanye nokukhwabanisa.
- Imfundo yedijithali (ikakhulukazi yabantwana abancane) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anjenge-antivirus, i-VPN kanye nezilawuli zabazali kuyizinto ezibalulekile.
- Ukuthenga okuphephile ku-inthanethi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-imeyili ngendlela efanele, kanye nokungazethembi izixhumanisi nemiyalezo esolisayo kugcwalisa isivikelo esiqinile.
Namuhla, sichitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yethu ku-inthanethi, futhi abantu abaningi basathembele enhlanhleni uma kuziwa ekuzivikeleni ku-inthanethi. Ukuphepha okuyisisekelo ku-inthanethi akuyona into ongayikhetha: kuyinto edingekayo nsuku zonke uma singafuni izithombe zethu zomuntu siqu, imininingwane yasebhange, noma ngisho nedumela lethu libe sengozini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele phakathi kwezwe ledijithali nelingokoqobo uya ngokuya ufiphala : omakhalekhukhwini, amathebhulethi, amawashi ahlakaniphile, izikhulumi ezisiza ngezwi, amakhamera e-IP, amakhompyutha asehhovisi lasekhaya... Konke kuxhumene. Ukuqonda izingozi ezivame kakhulu nokusebenzisa imithetho embalwa ecacile kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokusebenzisa i-inthanethi ngokuthula kwengqondo nokuphila ngokwesaba ukuba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa okukhulu okulandelayo kwe-cyber.
Kuyini ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi futhi kungani kukuthinta?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, sibhekisela kusethi yezinyathelo nemikhuba evikela imisebenzi yakho eku-inthanethi, amadivayisi akho, kanye nedatha yakho yomuntu siqu . Kuyisici esithile sokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuphepha kwekhompyutha , kodwa kugxile kukho konke okwenzekayo uma uku-inthanethi: ukuphequlula, i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, ukuthenga, ukubhanga ku-inthanethi, njalo njalo.
Izinsongo ziningi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu yi -malware , ukwebiwa kobunikazi, kanye nokugenca ama-akhawunti noma amadivayisi . I-malware ihlanganisa amagciwane, ama-Trojans, ama-worms, i-ransomware, nanoma iyiphi isofthiwe enonya eyenzelwe ukulimaza uhlelo lwakho noma ukweba ulwazi. Ukwebiwa kobunikazi kusebenzisa idatha yomuntu siqu njengegama lakho, inombolo ye-ID, usuku lokuzalwa, noma iziqinisekiso ukuzenza wena, ukuvula ama-akhawunti, ukufaka izicelo zemali mboleko, noma ukulahla ikhadi lakho lesikweletu.
Kukhona futhi ukuhlaselwa okuhlose ukulawula ikhompyutha yakho kude nokuyifaka kunethiwekhi yamakhompyutha e-zombie , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-botnet. Lawa manethiwekhi asetshenziselwa ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa okukhulu (njengokuhlasela kwe-DDoS okubulala amawebhusayithi), ukuthumela ugaxekile, noma ukwenza ukukhwabanisa okukhulu. Inkinga ukuthi umnikazi wekhompyutha uvame ukungaqapheli ngisho nokuthi idivayisi yakhe ibambisana nabahlaseli.
Ukuqhuma kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe kuye kwandisa kakhulu izingozi. Umsebenzi osebenza kude, ukubhenka ku-inthanethi, ukuyothenga, kanye nokuzijabulisa konke kuxutshwe ndawonye kumadivayisi afanayo kanye namanethiwekhi asekhaya , ngakho-ke iphutha eliwubuwula (ukuchofoza endaweni engafanele, ukulanda okungabazisayo, iphasiwedi ebuthakathaka) kungavula umnyango omkhulu kumhlaseli.
Izinsongo ezivamile eziku-inthanethi okufanele uzazi
Ukuze uzivikele ngempumelelo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubhekene nani. Izinsongo ezivame kakhulu cishe zihlala zithembele ekukhohliseni isisulu noma ekusebenziseni ubuthakathaka bokuphepha obungalungiswanga . Ake sibheke eziyinhloko.
Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane buhilela ama-imeyili, imiyalezo ye-SMS, noma eminye imiyalezo ebhalwe phansi ezenza amabhange, izinsizakalo zemiyalezo, amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, noma ngisho nabantu obaziyo. Umgomo ukukukhohlisa ukuthi uchofoze isixhumanisi noma ulande okunamathiselwe ukuze webe iziqinisekiso zakho noma ufake i-malware. Le miyalezo ivame ukudala umuzwa wokuphuthuma: iphakheji ebanjwayo, umzamo wokungena osolisayo, ibhili elingakhokhiwe, njll.
Ukugenca kanye nokufinyelela kude okungagunyaziwe kusebenzisa ubuthakathaka ezinhlelweni, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma amaphrothokholi afana ne-Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). Njengoba umsebenzi kude ususakazeke kabanzi, izinkampani eziningi nabasebenzisi bashiye ukuxhumana okukude kuvezwe ngamaphasiwedi abuthakathaka noma ukungalungiselelwa kahle, okunikeza abahlaseli ithuba elifanele.
Ngaphakathi kwe-malware, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe -ransomware , ebethela amafayela akho noma ikhiye ikhompyutha yakho futhi ifune isihlengo, kanye nokukhangisa okunonya noma ukuphazamisa, okufaka ikhodi enonya ezikhangisweni ezibonakala zivamile. Ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi nje ngesikhangiso esisengozini noma ukuchofoza kuyo kungakuqondisa emakhasini ayingozi noma kuholele ekufakweni kwe-malware esanda kufakwa.
Ama-botnets angamanethiwekhi amadivayisi anegciwane alawulwa umhlaseli. Angasebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho ukuthumela ugaxekile, ukuhlanganyela ekuhlaselweni kwe-DDoS, ukwenza ukukhwabanisa, noma ukusiza ekutheleleni abanye. Ukuvula nje okunamathiselwe okunonya noma ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi enegciwane kwanele ukuba yingxenye yelinye lala manethiwekhi ngokungazi.
I-Wi-Fi yomphakathi, amanethiwekhi asekhaya kanye nama-VPN: inkundla yempi engabonakali
Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi angenye yezindawo ezisengozini kakhulu. Amanethiwekhi omphakathi emakhefi, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, noma emahhotela avame ukuba nokuphepha okuncane noma okungenakho nhlobo , okuvumela abahlaseli ukuthi bahlole ithrafikhi, babambe amaphasiwedi, noma bamise amanethiwekhi mbumbulu anamagama afana kakhulu nalawo asemthethweni.
Phakathi kwamasu avame kakhulu kubalwa ama-packet sniffers , avimba idatha engabethelwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kanye nokuhlasela komuntu phakathi nendawo, lapho umhlaseli ezibeka khona phakathi kwakho nendawo yokufinyelela ukuze abuke futhi ashintshe lokho okuthumelayo nokwamukelayo. Amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi mbumbulu, akhangiswa njengamahhala kodwa asetshenziswa nje ukuqoqa ulwazi, nawo avamile.
Kulesi simo, i -VPN (inethiwekhi yangasese ebonakalayo) isibe ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuphepha okuyisisekelo ku-inthanethi . I-VPN idala umhubhe obethelwe phakathi kwedivayisi yakho neseva ekude, ukuze ababukeli kunethiwekhi noma abahlaseli ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi bangakuboni okwenzayo. Kunconywa kakhulu uma ufinyelela izinsizakalo ezibucayi kumanethiwekhi ongawalawuli.
Ku-router yakho yasekhaya, kubalulekile ukushintsha igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ezenzakalelayo, ukukhubaza izici ezingasetshenziswanga, nokugcina i-firmware ivuselelwe , kanye nokucabangela izinyathelo ezifana nokusebenzisa ikheli le-MAC elingahleliwe . Izinketho ezifana nokufinyelela okude, i-UPnP, noma i-WPS zingaba lula, kodwa futhi zidala ubuthakathaka uma zingaphathwa kahle.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuhamba nge-inthanethi ngokuphephile
Ngale kwamathuluzi, isihluthulelo sisemikhuba. Ukulandela imithetho embalwa eyisisekelo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kwenzeke isigameko esingathi sína . Ayinzima, kodwa idinga ukuhambisana.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhawulela nokwenza ulwazi lomuntu siqu olwabelana ngalo lube ngochwepheshe . Abaqashi noma amakhasimende angaba khona akudingeki bazi impilo yakho yothando noma ikheli lakho eliqondile. Uma ushicilela ulwazi olubucayi (ikheli, inombolo yocingo, ishejuli, imininingwane yomndeni), kuba lula ngomkhohlisi ukwakha inkohliso ekholekayo noma ukuthi othile asebenzise lolo lwazi ngokumelene nawe, njengoba kwenzeka kumuntu osemusha ongenele ukhetho kwezepolitiki owawa ngenxa yezithombe ezindala kanye nokuthunyelwe.
Okwesibili, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa nokubuyekeza njalo izilungiselelo zobumfihlo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, iziphequluli, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza . Amapulatifomu amakhulu avame ukufihla lezi zilungiselelo ngoba zithembele kudatha yakho, kodwa kufanelekile ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuzihlola: khawulela ukuthi ubani obona okuthunyelwe kwakho, khubaza izimvume ezingadingekile, futhi ukhawulele ukulandelwa kwezikhangiso ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kunconywa futhi ukugwema ukuphequlula amawebhusayithi anedumela elingabazisayo, ikakhulukazi uma ethembisa okuqukethwe okubi, okuphangiwe, noma "okuyisimangaliso" . Lawa masayithi avame ukugcwala i-malware, izikhangiso ezinonya, kanye namafomu aklanyelwe ukweba idatha. Uma isixhumanisi noma isikhangiso sibonakala sihle kakhulu ukuba singaba yiqiniso noma singasolisi, kungcono ukungasichofozi.
Uma usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yomphakathi, gwema ukufaka idatha ebucayi (yasebhange, intela, ulwazi oluhlobene nomsebenzi) futhi uhlehlise ukuthengiselana okubucayi uze ube kunethiwekhi evikelekile noma usebenzisa i-VPN . Kunethiwekhi yakho, qiniseka ukuthi une-encryption eqinile (i-WPA2 noma i-WPA3), iphasiwedi eqinile, kanye negama lenethiwekhi elingavezi uhlobo lwe-router yakho noma ifulethi ohlala kulo.
Amaphasiwedi, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nabaphathi abayinhloko
Amaphasiwedi ahlala eyisithende sika-Achilles kubasebenzisi abaningi. Ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi afana ne-"123456" noma iphasiwedi efanayo yonke indawo cishe kuwukunikeza ama-akhawunti akho . Kulezi zinsuku, ukuhlaselwa okuzenzakalelayo kuzama izigidi zezinhlanganisela ngomzuzwana, futhi abahlaseli banokufinyelela kudathabheyisi evuvukile evela ekuphulweni kwemithetho kwangaphambilini.
Umkhuba omuhle ukudala imishwana emide yephasiwedi (okungcono kakhulu izinhlamvu ezingu-15-20) enezinhlamvu, izinombolo, izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, kanye nezimpawu . Ungasebenzisa umusho owenziwe ngokwezifiso onengqondo kuwe kuphela, ngokushintsha ezinye izinhlamvu nokwengeza imininingwane okulula ukuyikhumbula kodwa okunzima ukuyiqagela.
Njengoba ukukhumbula amaphasiwedi amaningi ayinkimbinkimbi cishe kungenakwenzeka, into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuthembela kumphathi wephasiwedi othembekile . Lawa mathuluzi agcina zonke iziqinisekiso zakho ezibethelwe ngaphansi kwenkinobho eyodwa enkulu futhi ngokuvamile afaka i-generator yephasiwedi eqinile. Ngale ndlela, i-akhawunti ngayinye ingaba nephasiwedi ehlukile neqinile ngaphandle kokuthi ubambe ngekhanda wonke.
Ukuze uqhubekele phambili, vumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili noma izinto eziningi noma nini lapho kungenzeka . Ukwengeza ikhodi yesikhashana ethunyelwe kuselula yakho, uhlelo lokusebenza lokufakazela ubuqiniso, noma idatha ye-biometric (iminwe, ubuso) kusho ukuthi noma othile eba iphasiwedi yakho, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela kalula.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema amaphethini asobala, ulwazi lomuntu siqu, kanye nokushintshana okuvamile ngokweqile . Ukushintsha "iphasiwedi" ibe "P@ssw0rd" akusasebenzi: abahlaseli sebezazi lezi zingibe eziyisisekelo iminyaka eminingi. Cabanga ngento engahlobene nokuphila kwakho komphakathi noma engaveli kumaphrofayela akho ezinkundla zokuxhumana.
Ukuthenga, ukubhenka ku-inthanethi kanye nokuthengiselana okubucayi
Ukuthenga ku-inthanethi noma ukuphatha ibhange lakho usebenzisa ifoni yakho ephathekayo kulula kakhulu, kodwa kuthwala izingozi uma kungenziwanga kahle. Umthetho wegolide ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano kanye newebhusayithi kusemthethweni ngaphambi kokufaka noma yiluphi ulwazi lwezezimali.
Ngaphambi kokukhokha esitolo esiku-inthanethi, qinisekisa ukuthi i-URL iqala ngo-"https" nokuthi isithonjana se-padlock siyavela kubha yekheli lesiphequluli . Nakuba kungesona isiqinisekiso esingenaphutha, kuyimfuneko encane. Futhi, hlola ukuthi ikheli alinawo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesipelingi olungavamile noma izinhlamvu eziguquliwe—icebo elivamile elisetshenziswa ukuzenza amawebhusayithi amabhange, izimakethe, noma abathengisi abadumile.
Uma uthenga noma ubhanga ku-inthanethi, zama ukugwema amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omphakathi futhi usebenzise ukuxhumana okuthembekile . Buyekeza njalo umsebenzi we-akhawunti yakho ukuze uthole izindleko ezingavamile futhi usebenzise izaziso ze-SMS noma zohlelo lokusebenza noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukuze waziswe ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okusolisayo.
Ungalokothi ungene ebhange lakho noma esangweni lokukhokha ngezixhumanisi ezitholwe nge-imeyili, i-SMS, noma izinkundla zokuxhumana . Kuphephile kakhulu ukuthayipha ikheli ngqo kusiphequluli sakho noma usebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni. Uma unemibuzo, shayela isikhungo ngeziteshi zaso ezisemthethweni zesevisi yamakhasimende bese uqinisekisa ulwazi.
Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi lakho lesikweletu eliyinhloko ekuthengeni ku-inthanethi . Ungasebenzisa amakhadi abonakalayo noma ama-akhawunti omlamuleli anikeza isivikelo esengeziwe, kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa imali enciphisa umthelela uma kwenzeka ukukhwabanisa.
Abasizi abangokoqobo namadivayisi e-IoT: ikhaya elixhunyiwe lilawulwa
Izipikha ezihlakaniphile, ama-TV axhunyiwe, amakhamera e-IP, amawashi ahlakaniphile, kanye nezindlela zokulandelela ukufaneleka komzimba sekuyinto evamile emakhaya amaningi. Inkinga ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye entsha iyindawo yokungena yomhlaseli uma ingalungiselelwanga futhi inganakekelwa kahle.
Endabeni yabasizi ababonakalayo njenge-Google Assistant, i-Siri, i-Alexa, noma i-Cortana, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi abaluqoqayo, isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi bayabelana nobani ngalo . Ngezilungiselelo zabo, ungakhawulela umlando wezwi, ukhubaze ukuqoshwa, uphathe izimvume zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi ulawule ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu abangalusebenzisa.
Okufanayo kusebenza kumadivayisi e-IoT: shintsha njalo amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo, sebenzisa izibuyekezo ze-firmware ngokushesha nje lapho zitholakala, futhi ukhubaze izici ongazisebenzisi . Ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwabantu abaningi kusebenzise amakhamera noma ama-router aneziqinisekiso zasefektri kanye nezinguqulo zesofthiwe eziphelelwe yisikhathi.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukubuyekeza imvume ngayinye oyinikezayo : ukufinyelela endaweni, imakrofoni, ikhamera, oxhumana nabo, njll. Uma idivayisi noma uhlelo lokusebenza lucela okungaphezu kwalokho okubonakala kunengqondo ngalokho elikunikezayo, sola. Futhi uma ungasebenzisi isici (isibonelo, isilawuli kude esivela ngaphandle kwekhaya lakho), kungcono ukusivala ukuze unciphise indawo yokuhlasela.
Okokugcina, sungula inqubo: yenza amakhophi agciniwe njalo olwazi olubalulekile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amadivayisi axhumeka kuphela kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi avikelekile . I-tracker yokufaneleka elula, engahlelwanga kahle ingaveza okwengeziwe ngesimiso sakho nemikhuba yakho kunalokho ongase ukucabange.
Izingane kanye nemfundo yedijithali: kusukela ekulawulweni kwabazali kuya ekuxazululeni
Izizukulwane ezintsha zingochwepheshe ekushintsheni iminwe yazo ezikrinini, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ziyazi ukuthi zingazivikela kanjani. Umqondo "wokuvela kwedijithali" uyadukisa: ziyazi ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe, kodwa hhayi ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani kahle . Yingakho ukuphepha okuyisisekelo kwe-inthanethi kwezingane kuqala ekhaya.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne-INCIBE zincoma ukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 neyi-5, ukuxhumana kokuqala kwezingane nobuchwepheshe kufanele kube ku-inthanethi , kube nemidlalo nokuqukethwe okufanele ubudala. Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-6 kuya kweyi-9, zingaqala ukuhlola i-inthanethi, kodwa njalo ziqashwe ngokucophelela kanye nemithetho ecacile ngalokho ezingakwenza.
Kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya phambili, ukulawula ubuchwepheshe kungakhululeka ngenkathi imfundo nengxoxo kuqiniswa . Lapho besondela eminyakeni eyi-13-14 ubudala futhi bengena ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Instagram, i-TikTok, noma amapulatifomu afanayo, ukuqapha okuqondile kuba nzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi babe sebeyifakile imithetho eyisisekelo: ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi okufanele babelane ngalo, ukuthi bangasabela kanjani ekuthukweni noma ezinsongweni, nokuthi baphendukele kubani uma okuthile kubenza bangakhululeki.
Izindlela ezimbili zivame ukuxoxwa ngazo: ukulawula kwabazali (okunemingcele eminingi) kanye nokulamula kwabazali (okufundisayo kakhulu) . Ukulawula kwabazali kugxila ekukhawuleleni isikhathi sesikrini, ukuvimba okuqukethwe, kanye nomsebenzi wokuqapha. Ukulamula kugxila ekuchazeni izingozi, ekuhlinzekeni ukwesekwa, ekufundiseni indlela yokubika nokukhononda, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okunesibopho.
Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlanganise zombili izindlela, ikakhulukazi ebancane: sebenzisa amathuluzi okulawula abazali ukuhlunga okuqukethwe ngenkathi uxoxa ngokukhululekile ngezihloko ezifana nokuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, ukuchayeka ngokweqile, kanye nokuthumelelana imiyalezo yocansi . Njengoba izingane zibonisa ukuvuthwa nokwahlulela okunengqondo, ungasusa kancane kancane izilawuli bese uzishintsha ngokuthembana okuqhubekayo kanye nengxoxo.
I-imeyili, ugaxekile, kanye nokukhwabanisa okuvamile
I-imeyili isalokhu iyisisulu esithandwayo sabahlaseli. Umklamo wayo ovulekile noguquguqukayo wenza kube kuhle kakhulu ukuthumela ugaxekile, imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo, kanye nezinamathiselo ezinonya ngezinga elikhulu . Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuphatha noma yimuphi umlayezo ongalindelekile ngesilinganiso esinempilo sokusola.
Amapulatifomu e-imeyili afaka izihlungi zogaxekile ezizenzakalelayo, kodwa awakwazi ukuphunyuka. Uma umlayezo ongafuneki ungena ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo, wuphawule njengogaxekile ukuze uqeqeshe uhlelo futhi uvimbele ukuthi luphinde lwenzeke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, hlola ifolda yakho yogaxekile ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole imiyalezo efanelekile ephawulwe ngephutha njengogaxekile.
Ungalokothi uvule okunamathiselwe noma uchofoze izixhumanisi kuma-imeyili obungawalindele noma abonakala esolisayo . Ukuhlasela okuningi kuqala nge-PDF elula, i-Word, noma ifayela elicindezelwe, lapho livulwa, lisebenzisa ikhodi enonya. Uma i-imeyili ithi ivela ebhange lakho, enkampanini yeposi, noma ejensi kahulumeni, qinisekisa ulwazi ngezinye iziteshi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo.
Ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlukanisa amakheli akho e-imeyili ngokwenhloso yawo : elinye lokubhalisa nezincwadi zezindaba, elinye lokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, kanti elinye lezindaba ezihlobene nomsebenzi. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma elinye lawo lisengozini yokwephulwa kwedatha futhi liqala ukuthola ogaxekile abaningi, umthelela uzoba mnene kancane.
Uma ngokuzumayo ubona ukwanda okukhulu kogaxekile noma uthola imiyalezo ebonakala sengathi iyazi olunye ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu, kungasho ukuthi ikheli lakho le-imeyili seliphumile. Uma kunjalo, kungumqondo omuhle ukushintsha amaphasiwedi akho ahlobene bese ucabanga ukudala i-akhawunti entsha ye-imeyili yolwazi lwakho olubucayi kakhulu.
Izibuyekezo, i-antivirus kanye nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela zobuchwepheshe
Nakuba isici somuntu siyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu, uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe alunakuze lunganakwa . Uhlelo oluphelelwe yisikhathi noma olungenalo ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo luyisimemo esivulekile sezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlaselwa okuzenzakalelayo.
Okokuqala, gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, isiphequluli, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke zisesikhathini . Izinselele eziningi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ziye zalungiswa iminyaka eminingi, kodwa zisasebenza ngoba abanye abasebenzisi abafaki izibuyekezo.
Okwesibili, faka ikhambi lokuphepha elithembekile kumadivayisi akho, kokubili ikhompyutha yakho kanye nefoni yakho ephathekayo . Isofthiwe yesimanje yokulwa namagciwane ayigcini nje ngokuthola i-malware yakudala, kodwa futhi nemizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, amawebhusayithi anonya, izinamathiselo eziyingozi, kanye nokuziphatha okusolisayo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-firewall yesistimu yakho ivuliwe futhi ilungiselelwe kahle. I-firewall isebenza njengesihlungi phakathi kwedivayisi yakho ne-inthanethi , ivimba ukuxhumana okungagunyaziwe futhi yenze kube nzima ngomhlaseli ukuthola ukufinyelela noma i-malware ukuxhumana namaseva ayo okulawula nokulawula.
Okokugcina, cabanga ngokusebenzisa izithiyo zokuvimba izikhangiso namathuluzi okuhlanza uhlelo . Isithiyo sokuvimbela izikhangiso sinciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho ekulandeleni okungalungile kanye nokuhlaselayo, kuyilapho izinsiza zokuhlanza zisiza ekukhipheni izinhlelo ongazisebenzisi noma izandiso ezisolisayo ezingene ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwefoni ephathekayo okuphephile kanye nezinsongo ezithile
I-smartphone isibe yisizinda sempilo yethu yedijithali. Iqukethe i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, amabhange, izithombe eziyimfihlo, kanye nenani elikhulu lemininingwane yomuntu siqu , ngakho ukuyivikela kuyinto eza kuqala.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitolo ezisemthethweni njenge-Google Play noma i-App Store kuphela . Ngisho nalapho, kufanele uqaphele: hlola izibuyekezo, inani lokulanda, izimvume eziceliwe, kanye nonjiniyela. Qaphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithembisa izinguqulo zamahhala zezinsizakalo ezikhokhelwayo, ama-cheats emidlalo, noma amathuluzi ayisimangaliso.
Uma ubona ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile (ukuphelelwa yibhethri ngokushesha, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokweqile, ukuqala kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ongakhumbuli ukuzifaka), kungaba yi-malware noma i-spyware. Buyekeza uhlu lwakho lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, susa noma yini esolisayo, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, cabanga ngokubuyisela idivayisi yakho kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri ngemuva kokwenza isipele sedatha yakho ebalulekile.
Ukwebiwa kobunikazi ngezingcingo nemiyalezo kuya ngokuya kuvama . Abahlaseli bakhohlisa inombolo oyibona esikrinini sakho ukuze bayenze ibukeke sengathi ingeyasebhange lakho, inkampani eyaziwayo, noma othile endaweni yakini. Uma becela ulwazi olubucayi ngocingo, vala ucingo bese ushayela inombolo esemthethweni yenhlangano ngqo.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha, setha ukukhiya isikrini okuqinile (i-PIN ende, iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi, noma i-biometrics) bese ubhala ngemfihlo okuqukethwe kwedivayisi yakho uma imodeli yakho ikuvumela. Ngale ndlela, noma ngabe ulahlekelwa ifoni yakho noma yebiwa, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwayo.
Ukuphepha okuyisisekelo ku-inthanethi akuyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa kuyinhlanganisela yemikhuba emihle, amathuluzi afanele, kanye nokungabaza okunempilo . Ukwazi izingozi ezivame kakhulu, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezilula kuma-akhawunti akho, amadivayisi, kanye namanethiwekhi, kanye nokufundisa labo abakuzungezile (ikakhulukazi izingane noma abantu abangawazi kangako ubuchwepheshe) kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ubuchwepheshe ngokuthula kwengqondo okukhulu futhi kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba impilo yakho yedijithali iguqulwe ibe yiphutha elinganaki.
