I-PC iyama: izimbangela zangempela kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » I-PC iyama: izimbangela zangempela kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo

Ukuba ne-PC yakho imile phakathi nomdlalo, ucingo lwevidiyo, noma ngisho nokuphequlula iwebhu kungenye yezinto ezikukhungathekisa kakhulu ezingakwehlela. Isikrini siyama, igundane alinyakazi, umsindo ubhajwa ku-loop, futhi ushiywa ungenakho okunye ngaphandle kokucindezela inkinobho yamandla ukuze uphoqe ukuvala... usengozini yokulahlekelwa yikho konke obukwenza. Ukuze uxilonge i-PC ehamba kancane, kufanele ulandele uhlelo oluhlelekile lokuhlola.

Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi ukuqandeka kungavela kokubili kusofthiwe kanye nehadiwe : kusukela kuhlelo olulula, olufakwe ngendlela engafanele kuya ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla okungasebenzi kahle, i-RAM enephutha, i-hard drive eyonakele, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, abashayeli abangasebenzi kahle, amagciwane, noma ngisho nenkinga nge-akhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi we-Windows. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizobuyekeza zonke izimbangela ezivamile kanye nezixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngayinye ngaphandle kokukhungatheka, bese ubona ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi okulungisa e-Windows angasiza.

Kusho ukuthini ngempela uma i-PC "iqina"?

Uma sithi i-PC iyama, sisho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luyayeka ukucubungula imiyalelo : isikrini siyama, ikhesa liyaba lisaphenduli, ikhibhodi ayiphenduli, futhi ngokuvamile okuwukuphela kwenketho ukusetha kabusha ngokomzimba. Kwezinye izimo, i-Windows ikhombisa ngisho nesikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sokufa (BSOD), kodwa kwezinye eziningi, ayikwenzi lokho; imane iyama.

Izimpawu zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi inkinga ibangelwa yini : ngezinye izikhathi iyama ngokushesha lapho iqala futhi ifaka i-PIN, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka lapho kuvulwa umdlalo, ngezinye izikhathi lapho kuvalwa i-Chrome, noma lapho ikhompyutha isivuliwe amahora amaningi. Ezimweni eziningi, umsindo uyaqhubeka nokudlala imizuzwana embalwa noma imizuzu, noma ungamuzwa omunye umuntu ocingweni kodwa akasakuzwa, okubonisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kancane, kodwa ingxenye ethile noma umshayeli uyeke ukuphendula.

Kuvamile futhi ukuthi uma i-PC iqina kanye, uma uyiqala kabusha ngokushesha, izoqina futhi ngemva nje kwalokho , kanti uma uyivumela "iphumule" isikhashana, ihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuvame ukukhomba izinga lokushisa, ukunikezwa kwamandla, noma izinkinga zehadiwe ezivela lapho ikhompyutha ishisa noma ingaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqandisa okuphelele kanye nokuma kancane okuhlala imizuzwana embalwa : uma igundane lihamba kodwa konke kuhamba kancane kakhulu, noma uhlelo luphendula kuphela ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-20-30, kungenzeka ukuthi kuyinkinga yediski, inkinga yememori ebonakalayo, noma ukuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza kunokuqandisa kanzima. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kuphela luqandisiwe, nansi indlela yokuvala uhlelo lokusebenza oluqandisiwe ku-Windows ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha lonke uhlelo.

Izimbangela zokuvalelwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokwehluleka kwehadiwe

Esinye sezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuqandisa kwe-PC amazinga okushisa aphezulu , ikakhulukazi ehlobo noma ezinhlelweni ezingazange zihlanzwe ngaphakathi iminyaka eminingi. Uthuli luqoqana kumafeni, kuma-heatsink, nasezindlini zokungenisa umoya, okunciphisa ukuhamba komoya futhi kusebenza njengengubo evimbela ukushisa ukuthi kuphume kahle.

Uma i-CPU, i-GPU, noma ngisho ne-chipset isondela ekushiseni kwayo okuphezulu okuphephile , uhlelo luzoqala ngokunciphisa amaza kanye nama-voltage ukuze luzivikele (ukugoqa). Uma lokhu kunganele, kungagcina kuqandisiwe noma kuvalwe ngokuzumayo. Isimo esifanayo singase senzeke uma i-thermal paste yomile noma ingasetshenziswanga kahle, noma uma i-heatsink inganamathiselwanga ngokuphephile.

Ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa, noma iyiphi ingxenye enephutha ingabangela ukubanda okungahleliwe . Kunezindlela ezithile ezisiza ekutholeni imbangela:

• Ukunikezwa kwamandla okonakalayo noma okwaneleI-PC iyavala noma iqalise kabusha ngokungalindelekile ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngezinye izikhathi kaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ingase futhi iqine lapho iyunithi yokunikezela ugesi (i-PSU) yehluleka ukuletha ugesi odingekayo ngokuthembekile.
• I-RAM engalungile: ukuphahlazeka okubonakala kungahleliwe, izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zohlobo lwe-“Memory Management”, amaphutha lapho kukopishwa amafayela noma amafayela abonakala onakele ngokuzumayo.
• I-Hard drive noma i-SSD enemikhakha emibi: ukuqandisa ngezikhathi ezithile, izikhathi zokulayisha ezingapheli, uhlelo oluhlala imizuzwana embalwa ngenkathi idiski "iklwebheka" futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-BSOD noma ukuqandisa okuphelele.
• ikhadi lehluzo elinezinkinga: iyama ikakhulukazi lapho idlala imidlalo noma isebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-3D, ngezinye izikhathi ihambisana nokuma kwesikrini, izinto zobuciko zesikrini noma ukulahleka kwesiginali yevidiyo.

Icebo eliyinhloko lokunquma ukuthi ubhekene nenkinga yesofthiwe noma yehadiwe ukuhlola ukuthi, ngemva kokufaka kabusha iWindows noma ukwenza ukusetha kabusha kwasefekthri, i-PC iyaqhubeka yini nokuziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Uma ukuphahlazeka kuqhubeka nohlelo oluhlanzekile, inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi ihlobene nehadiwe.

Izinsiza azitholakali: i-RAM, isikhala sediski, kanye nememori ebonakalayo kusemkhawulweni wazo.

Akuzona zonke iziqandisi ezibangelwa yingxenye ephukile ; imvamisa ikhompyutha imane iphelelwe yizinsiza. Uma i-RAM igcwele, iprosesa isetshenziswa ngo-100%, futhi i-hard drive igcwele, iWindows ibhekana nobunzima obukhulu futhi, esikhundleni sokusebenza kancane, kwezinye izimo igcina iqandisisiwe ngokuphelele.

I-RAM isebenza njengememori yokusebenza yesikhashana . Uma unesiphequluli esivulekile esinamathebhu angu-20, umdlalo, i-Spotify, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana zehhovisi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ezinye izinhlelo ezidinga izinsiza eziningi (isofthiwe yokuhlela ividiyo, imishini ebonakalayo, njll.), kulula ukusondela emkhawulweni ngisho noma une-RAM engu-8 GB noma engu-16 GB.

Uma i-RAM ebonakalayo igcwele, i-Windows isebenzisa "inkumbulo ebonakalayo" ngokusebenzisa i-hard drive njengesandiso . Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-drive ifunde futhi ibhale njalo kufayela lekhasi. Ngisho naku-SSD, lokhu kuhamba kancane kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-RAM yangempela, futhi uhlelo lungangena ekunciphiseni okuzogcina kuholele ekuweni.

Uma idrayivu yesistimu (ngokuvamile i-C:) nayo isicishe igcwele , uhlelo lokusebenza ngeke lube nesikhala esanele sememori ebonakalayo noma amafayela alo esikhashana, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi iphahlazeke. Njengesiqondiso, kunconywa ukuthi ushiye okungenani isikhala esingu-20 GB samahhala kudrayivu yeWindows.

Amathuluzi afana ne-Task Manager akuvumela ukuthi ubone i-CPU, i-RAM, idiski, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela . Uma kwenzeka ukuminyana lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-RAM kanye/noma idiski yakho bekuku-100%, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi inkinga iwukunganeli kwezinsizakusebenza kunokuba kube yingxenye ephukile.

Indlela yokuhlola amadiski, imemori, namafayela esistimu (CHKDSK, SFC, DISM, RAM Diagnostics)

Ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yiziphi izingxenye, kungumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-Windows akhelwe ngaphakathi ukuhlola isimo samadrayivu akho, amafayela esistimu, kanye ne-RAM. Ukuma okuningi okubangelwa ukonakala kwedatha kungaxazululwa ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokufometha kabusha.

Indawo yokuqala ngokuvamile i-CHKDSK (Check Disk), umyalo onolwazi oluphezulu oskena ama-hard drive nama-SSD ukuze uthole amaphutha anengqondo nangokwenyama. Ingamaka futhi ihlukanise imikhakha emibi futhi ilungise izakhiwo zesistimu yamafayela ezonakele.

Ukuze usebenzise i-CHKDSK, vula i-Command Prompt noma i-PowerShell njengomlawuli bese usebenzisa umyalo kudrayivu ofuna ukuyihlola (isibonelo, i-C:). Uma idrayivu isetshenziswa, uhlelo luzohlela ukuhlolwa kokuqala kabusha okulandelayo. Ungaqalisa futhi i-CHKDSK kusuka ku-Windows Repair Environment ngokuqala kabusha kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB yokufaka bese uya ku-"Lungisa ikhompyutha yakho > Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe > I-Command Prompt". Uma udinga imiyalelo eyengeziwe ngemiyalo ye-CMD ewusizo yale misebenzi, xhumana nayo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Ngemva kwe-CHKDSK, kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-SFC (System File Checker) . Lo myalo uhlaziya amafayela abalulekile e-Windows futhi uthatha indawo yanoma yimaphi athola ukuthi onakele noma aguquliwe ngezinguqulo ezifanele ezigcinwe kunqolobane yesistimu.

Uma i-SFC yehluleka ukulungisa yonke into, i-DISM (Isevisi Yokuthwebula Izithombe Nokuphathwa Kokusetshenziswa) iyasetshenziswa. Isebenzisa amapharamitha anjenge- /ScanHealth , /RestoreHealth , noma i-/StartComponentCleanup , i-DISM ihlola futhi ilungisa isithombe se-Windows, kufaka phakathi izingxenye i-SFC engakwazi ukuzilungisa yodwa.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuhlola ubuqotho be-RAM yakho . I-Windows ifaka ithuluzi elithi "Windows Memory Diagnostic", ongalifinyelela ngokuthayipha i-mdsched ebhokisini lengxoxo ethi Run. Uhlelo luzoqala kabusha futhi lwenze ukuhlolwa kwe-RAM okugcwele ngaphambi kokulayisha uhlelo lokusebenza.

Uma ukuhlolwa kuthola amaphutha, ngisho namaseli ambalwa anephutha, kwanele ukubangela i-PC ukuthi iqine ngokungahleliwe lapho izama ukufinyelela lawo makheli ememori. Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka uhlole amamojula ngamanye bese ushintsha lawo anephutha.

Zama ukuqala kabusha kwimodi ephephile kanye nokuqalisa kabusha okuhlanzekile ukuze uhlukanise isofthiwe enenkinga.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwediski ne-RAM kunganikezi miphumela eqinisekile, sola isofthiwe : abashayeli abangahambisani, izinhlelo zangemuva, izinsiza zangaphandle, isofthiwe ye-antivirus, njll. Imodi Ephephile kanye ne-boot ehlanzekile kungabangane bakho abakhulu lapha.

Ku-Safe Mode, i-Windows iqala kuphela ngabashayeli namasevisi abalulekile : azikho izishayeli zehluzo ezithuthukisiwe, azikho izinhlelo zokuqala, futhi azikho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela eceleni. Uma i-PC yakho iyeka ukumisa kule modi, ungaqiniseka ukuthi inkinga ikhona ngesofthiwe ethile elayisha ngesikhathi sokuqala okuvamile.

Uma ikhompyutha yakho ingeke ikuvumele ukuthi ufinyelele kudeskithophu kahle , ungayiphoqa ukuthi iqale kabusha ngokuyicima bese uyivula kathathu ilandelana ngesikhathi sokulayisha iWindows (uma ubona ilogo). Ekuzameni kwesithathu, kufanele kuvele imenyu yokutakula eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho ungaya khona ku- Advanced options > Startup settings bese uvumela i-Safe Mode.

Enye indlela ewusizo kakhulu ukwenza i-"clean boot" . Lokhu kuhilela ukukhubaza zonke izinhlelo zokuqala kanye nezinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle ezingabalulekile ezivela ku -msconfig kanye ne-Task Manager, ukuze i-Windows iqale "cishe" ihlanzekile njengakwimodi ephephile, kodwa ngabashayeli abaphelele.

Ukusuka lapho, ungenza kusebenze kancane kancane izinsizakalo nezinhlelo uze uthole ukuthi ubani obangela ukumiswa. Kuyinqubo eyisicefe, kodwa isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuboneni isofthiwe enenkinga.

Amagciwane, i-malware, kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane engalungiselelwe kahle

I-Malware ingenye indlela evamile yokuphahlazeka, ukuhamba kancane kakhulu, kanye nokuma kwesistimu ephelele . Ezinye izinhlobo ze-malware zisebenzisa i-CPU, i-RAM, kanye nesikhala sediski ngokugcwele (abavukuzi, ama-Trojans, i-adware egcwele ukukhangisa), kuyilapho ezinye zonakalisa amafayela noma ziphazamisa irejista ye-Windows.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka zifaka phakathi ama-pop-up aqhubekayo, izinhlelo ongakhumbuli ukuzifaka, isiphequluli esigcwele amabha wamathuluzi nezandiso ezingajwayelekile, noma izikhathi zokuqalisa ezihamba kancane njalo . Uma ubhekana nokuma, cishe cishe ufakwe udoti ongadingekile.

I-Windows Defender (Microsoft Defender) yanele kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi uma ibuyekezwe kahle. Ungaskena ngokuphelele noma "ukuskena okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi" ukuze uhlaziye uhlelo lwakho ngaphambi kokuba i-Windows ilayishe, okusiza ekubambeni i-malware ecasha kwimemori kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukuze uthole ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, amathuluzi akhethekile afana ne-Malwarebytes' AdwCleaner awusizo kakhulu ekususeni i-adware, amabha wamathuluzi, kanye ne-PUPs (izinhlelo ezingase zingafuneki). Awadingi ukufakwa futhi avame ukubona ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo ze-antivirus eziphuthelwa yizo.

Qaphela lokhu: ukuba nezinhlelo ezimbili ze-antivirus ezisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu kunokuba kungekho nhlobo . Uma i-Microsoft Defender kanye ne-antivirus yangaphandle bezama ukuskena amafayela afanayo ngesikhathi sangempela, bangaxabana, bandise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, futhi bashiye i-PC yakho ivilapha noma iqandisiwe.

Umthetho ucacile: i-antivirus eyodwa esebenzayo, futhi akukho ukuqoqwa kwezindawo zokuphepha . Uma ufaka i-antivirus yomuntu wesithathu, khubaza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-Defender ukuze ugweme izingxabano.

Izinkinga nge-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kanye namafayela ephrofayela onakele

Kunezimo lapho i-PC iqina khona lapho ungena noma ufaka iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi , kuyilapho izinto zibonakala zisebenza kangcono kumodi ephephile. Kulezi zimo, inkinga ivame ukubangelwa amafayela onakele ngaphakathi kwephrofayela yomsebenzisi.

I-Windows igcina izilungiselelo eziningi, ama-cache, kanye nedatha ethile ye-akhawunti ngayinye . Uma noma yiziphi zalezi zinto zonakele (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kukagesi, i-malware, ukukhishwa okungafanele, njll.), ukungena ngemvume kungaba yiphupho elibi lokuphahlazeka nokuma.

Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uzame enye i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi yendawo noma ye-Microsoft ukuze ubone ukuthi inkinga iyaqhubeka yini. Kodwa cishe akekho umuntu one-akhawunti yesibili esethiwe, ngakho kuzodingeka usebenzise imodi ephephile noma usebenzise imidiya yokufaka ukuvula i-Command Prompt enamalungelo aphezulu.

Kuleso simo, ungasebenzisa futhi i-DISM kanye ne-SFC ukulungisa ukufakwa kwe-Windows ngemiyalo efana nalokhu:

• DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
• I-DISM.exe /Ku-inthanethi /Ukuhlanza-Isithombe /Ukuhlanza kwe-StartComponent
• DISM.exe / Online / Cleanup-Image / Buyisela Impilo

Uma izinto zingathuthuki ngemva kwalokho, ungakha i-akhawunti entsha yomsebenzisi bese uthutha idatha yakho (Amadokhumenti, Ideskithophu, njll.) ngesandla kusuka kuphrofayela endala, ugweme ukudlulisa izilungiselelo ezonakele.

Ukuqandisa ngenkathi udlala imidlalo: ikhadi lehluzo, abashayeli, kanye nezidingo

Ukuma kwemidlalo kuyinkinga evamile, futhi kunezici eziningana ezibandakanyekayo . Eyokuqala, njengenjwayelo, izinga lokushisa: kokubili i-GPU ne-CPU zisebenza ngomthamo omkhulu, futhi uma uhlelo lokupholisa lungcolile noma lungalingani, ikhompyutha ingama phakathi nomdlalo.

Kunconywa ukuqapha amazinga okushisa usebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-HWiNFO, i-HWMonitor, noma i-MSI Afterburner . Uma ubona ukufundwa okungaphezu kuka-90-95 °C ku-GPU noma i-CPU ngaphansi komthwalo, kukhona okungahambi kahle. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yothuli, ukunamathela kokushisa okuphelile, amafeni anephutha, noma ukuhamba komoya okubi ebhokisini.

Esinye isici amandla ehadiwe uqobo : uma uzama ukusebenzisa umdlalo wesimanje ngekhadi lehluzo elilula kakhulu noma i-RAM encane, ungase uqale kodwa uzoba semkhawulweni wawo futhi ugcine ubanda lapho ulayisha izigcawu ezithile noma lapho ungena/uphuma emdlalweni.

Abashayeli bamakhadi ehluzo bangomunye umthombo ovamile wokuma . Abashayeli be-beta abaphelelwe yisikhathi, abangafakwanga kahle, noma abangazinzile bangabangela noma yini kusukela ekushayweni komdlalo okulula kuya ekumaleni okuphelele kwesistimu.

Isincomo ukuthi uhlale ufake inguqulo yakamuva ezinzile yabashayeli abasemthethweni be-NVIDIA noma be-AMD, futhi uma usuneminyaka eminingana yokubuyekezwa, yenza ukufakwa okuhlanzekile usebenzisa izinsiza ezifana ne-DDU (Display Driver Uninstaller) ukuze ususe noma yimiphi iminonjana yezinguqulo zangaphambilini.

Ungakhohlwa izinkinga ezingaba khona ngomdlalo ngokwawo : ukufakwa okonakele, amafayela alimele, ama-mods angqubuzanayo, noma izinguqulo ezilungiselelwe kabi eziphahlazeka ekucushweni okuthile. Ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bamafayela omdlalo nge-Steam, i-Battle.net, njll., nokufaka kabusha umdlalo uma kudingeka kuvame ukusiza.

Okokugcina, i-DirectX namanye ama-graphics API (i-Vulkan, i-OpenGL) nawo angabangela izinkinga uma esephelelwe yisikhathi noma onakele. Ukufaka kabusha isikhathi sokusebenza se-DirectX kusuka kuwebhusayithi ye-Microsoft nokugcina i-Windows isesikhathini nge-Windows Update kunciphisa kakhulu lezi zinkinga.

Izibuyekezo ze-Windows, BIOS, kanye nomshayeli

Izibuyekezo ezinkulu zeWindows ngezinye izikhathi ziletha izinkinga eziningi kunokuthuthuka . Kuvamile ukuthi ukuphahlazeka, ukuqala kabusha kwesiphequluli, ukwehla kokusebenza, noma ukungahambisani nabashayeli abadala kwenzeke ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesici.

Uma ubona ukuthi ukumiswa kuqale ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuthile , ungazama ukukususa ku-Izilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Isibuyekezo se-Windows > Buka umlando wokubuyekeza > Khipha izibuyekezo. Enye inketho ukusebenzisa iphuzu lokubuyisela langaphambilini.

Noma kunjalo, ukuba nesistimu esiphelelwe yisikhathi akuyona into enhle futhi : uphuthelwa ukulungiswa kokuzinza, ama-patch okuphepha, kanye nezinguqulo ezintsha zomshayeli ezisatshalaliswa nge-Windows Update. Indlela ehlakaniphile ukuqhubeka nokubuyekeza, kodwa gwema ukufaka izibuyekezo ezinkulu ngosuku lokuqala kuze kube yilapho sezilungisiwe.

Ukubuyekeza i-BIOS/UEFI yebhodi lakho le-motherboard kungaxazulula nokuphahlazeka okuhlobene nokuhambisana kweprosesa, inkumbulo, noma ihluzo. Kodwa-ke, kuyinqubo ebucayi: ukucima kukagesi noma ukukhanyisa ifayela elingalungile kungenza ibhodi lakho le-motherboard lingasebenzi. Ngaphambi kokushintsha i-BIOS, buyekeza ngokucophelela iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi ukuze uthole amanothi okukhishwa kwenguqulo ngayinye bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ulanda ifayela eliqondile lemodeli yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukuqonda ukuthi iyini iphakethe lesevisi nokuthi izibuyekezo ezinkulu zithinta kanjani uhlelo.

Ama-peripheral, abashayeli bamadivayisi, kanye nezinsiza zikagesi

Akuwona wonke umuntu ocabanga ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho i-PC yakhe iqina, kodwa idivayisi enephutha ingaphazamisa uhlelo . Idrayivu ye-USB ehlala inqamula, idrayivu eyinkimbinkimbi yangaphandle eyonakele, iphrinta enabashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi… uma ikhompyutha yakho iqina njalo uma uxhuma noma usebenzisa idivayisi ethile, kufanelekile ukuyihlola. Ngezinkinga ezithile zephrinta, bheka umhlahlandlela wezinkinga zephrinta ku-Windows.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-peripheral eyinkinga ziyaqina ngokushesha nje lapho ixhunyiwe noma lapho iqala ukusetshenziswa , imiyalezo yamaphutha yedivayisi engaziwa noma ukuthi uhlelo luvele luyeke ukuyibona noma luyilahlekele phakathi nokudluliselwa.

Ukuxilongwa kulula: nqamula zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalulekile (ikhibhodi, igundane, kanye ne-monitor) bese ubona ukuthi ukuphahlazeka kuyanyamalala yini. Bese uzixhumanisa kabusha ngayinye ngayinye uze uthole ebangela inkinga. Ungahlola futhi ukuthi iziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwenye i-PC.

Iyunithi yokunikezwa kwamandla (i-PSU) ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile evame ukunganakwa. I-PSU ejwayelekile engu-500W yekhwalithi engabazekayo ingase ingakwazi ukunika amandla i-RX 580, i-RTX 3060 Ti, noma yiliphi ikhadi lehluzo elinamandla aphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi uma ikhompyutha ineminyaka embalwa ubudala.

Izimpawu ze-PSU enephutha zifaka phakathi ukuqala kabusha noma ukuvala okungahleliwe, imisindo engajwayelekile, iphunga elivuthayo, ukungakwazi ukuvula i-PC ngezinye izikhathi, futhi iqine ngisho nalapho ithwele kanzima . Ungasebenzisa ama-calculator e-PSU aku-inthanethi ukuhlola ukuthi amandla alinganisiwe anele yini kwihadiwe yakho.

Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ugesi, indlela ephephile yokwenza ukuzama enye evela kumkhiqizo odumile onesitifiketi esihle (80 Plus Bronze noma ngaphezulu). I-multimeter noma i-PSU tester ingasiza ekutholeni ama-voltage angaphandle kwebanga, kodwa uma ungenalo ulwazi, kungcono ukuyishiya kuchwepheshe.

Ukulungiswa ngokomzimba: ukuhlanza, ukupholisa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye

Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengento evamile, i-PC ehlanzekile nenomoya omuhle ayisebenzi njalo . Kuma-desktop futhi, ikakhulukazi, kuma-laptop, uthuli kumafeni nama-heatsink lubangela amazinga okushisa akhuphuke futhi lufinyeze isikhathi sokuphila kwezingxenye.

Ukuhlanza kwangaphakathi kwaminyaka yonke ngomoya ocindezelwe, ukuhlanza izintambo, nokuhlola ukuthi wonke amafeni ajikeleza kahle kuvame ukwanele kumakhompyutha amaningi asekhaya. Ngama-laptop, uvame ukususa i-casing engezansi ukuze ufinyelele amafeni kanye ne-vents, ngakho kungaba ngumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa isevisi yokulungisa uma ungaqiniseki ngokwenza wena.

I-CPU thermal paste nayo iyawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Kunconywa ukuthi uyishintshe nge-paste yekhwalithi enhle njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4, uqiniseke ukuthi i-heatsink ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumakhadi wehluzo asetshenziswa kakhulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza okuphezulu.

Uma inkinga yakho iyizinsiza ezilinganiselwe, ukuthuthukisa i-RAM noma ukushintshela ku-SSD enkulu kungavuselela impilo ku-PC yakho . Kulezi zinsuku, i-8 GB ayanele ukusetshenziswa okujulile; i-16 GB iyindawo enhle yokuqala imidlalo nokusebenza ngokunethezeka, kanti i-32 GB noma ngaphezulu ilungele ukuhlela ividiyo, umsebenzi wokuklama odinga amandla, noma imishini ebonakalayo.

Ngokuphathelene nokugcina, ukufaka esikhundleni se-HDD yomshini nge-SSD (okungenani okungenani i-500 GB noma i-1 TB) kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqandisa kanye nokuqandisa okuncane okubangelwa ukufinyelela kancane kwediski. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-SSD anamuhla anezindlela zokulungisa amaphutha ezenza aqine kakhulu ekuhlulekeni okuncane.

Kuma-laptop, naka kakhulu ukushisa ngokweqile : gwema ukuwasebenzisa emibhedeni noma ezindaweni ezithambile ezimboza imibhobho yomoya, shiya isikhala ngaphansi njalo, bese ucabanga ukusebenzisa i-cooling pad enamafeni uma usebenza amahora amaningi ngesikhathi.

Okufanele ukwenze uma kungekho okunye okungenhla okusebenzayo

Uma uhlole amazinga okushisa, usebenzise i-CHKDSK, i-SFC kanye ne-DISM, uhlole i-RAM, uzame imodi ephephile, ukhiphe izinhlelo ezisolisayo futhi i-PC yakho isabanda , sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala kakhulu.

Ukusetha kabusha i-Windows kusuka ezinkethweni zokutakula ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo . Ungakhetha phakathi kokugcina amafayela akho noma ukusula konke; kuzo zombili izimo, i-Windows izofakwa kabusha, okushiya uhlelo luhlanzekile, kodwa ngenketho ethi "gcina amafayela", kuzodingeka ufake kabusha izinhlelo ngesandla.

Uma uhlelo lungaqali ngisho nangokuzinzile, ungakha i-USB yokufaka i-Windows , uyiqalise, ufinyelele ku-"Lungisa ikhompyutha yakho," bese uzama ukuvuselela isistimu, ukulungisa ikhompyutha, noma ukufaka kabusha ngokuphelele.

Uma usola i-BIOS (isibonelo, ngoba uthinte izilungiselelo ezithile ezithuthukisiwe noma ezithuthukisiwe futhi kusukela lapho waba nokuphahlazeka) , indlela ejwayelekile yokubuyela kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri ukususa ibhethri lebhodi lomama imizuzu embalwa ikhompyutha ingaxhunyiwe, noma ukusebenzisa i-jumper ye-CMOS ecacile uma ibhodi lomama linayo.

Futhi uma, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, i-PC iqhubeka nokubanda, into ehlakaniphile kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona ukwehluleka kwehadiwe okunzima ukukuthola ngaphandle kwamathuluzi . Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuyisa ikhompyutha kuchwepheshe ongahlola imemori, ugesi, ibhodi lomama, ikhadi lehluzo, kanye nama-hard drive anezingxenye ezithathelwanayo ngokuvamile konga isikhathi esiningi kanye nobuhlungu bekhanda.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, iningi lezinkinga zokuqina kwekhompyutha ligcina lixazululiwe ngokulandela uhlelo olunengqondo: hlola amazinga okushisa nokuhlanzeka, hlola amadiski ne-RAM, susa isofthiwe engqubuzanayo, gcina abashayeli ne-Windows kusesikhathini, qapha ukunikezwa kwamandla futhi, uma kudingeka, buyekeza izingxenye ezibalulekile ukuze unike ikhompyutha ikhefu ; uma uxazulula inkinga isinyathelo ngesinyathelo futhi ungacwaswanga, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzodingeka uphile isikhathi eside ne-PC eqina njalo ngemva kosuku olulodwa.