- I-Master CMD enemiyalo eyisisekelo, yenethiwekhi, neyokulungisa Windows 10 kanye ne-11.
- Funda ngama-opharetha, okuguquguqukayo, ukunwetshwa okuhlehlisiwe, nokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela ku-cmd.exe.
- Sebenzisa izinqamuleli (F1–F9), amapayipi, nokuqondisa kabusha ukuze usebenze ngokushesha.
I-Command Prompt (CMD) isalokhu iyisici esibalulekile ku-Windows semisebenzi esheshayo, enembile, nethuthukisiwe ngezinye izikhathi engathatha isikhathi eside ku-interface yesithombe. Nakuba ukubukeka kwayo kufana ne-MS-DOS, akufani: i-CMD ingumhumushi womyalo we-Windows , futhi usizo lwayo namuhla lukhulu ekuxilongweni, ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokuphathwa.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, sihlanganise futhi sabhala kabusha imiyalo eyisisekelo nethuthukisiwe ewusizo kakhulu ye-Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11 , sihlanganisa konke kusukela ekuphequluleni nasekuphathweni kwamafayela kuya ekuxhumaneni, ekulungiseni, ekwakhiweni kwe-cmd.exe uqobo, eziguquguqukayo zemvelo, izinqamuleli, kanye namaqhinga angacacile. Konke kuchazwa ngezibonelo , izixwayiso, kanye nemikhuba emihle ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba emgqeni womyalo kalula.
Iyini i-CMD futhi isetshenziselwa ini?
I-CMD, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Command Prompt , iyi-console esekelwe kumbhalo evumela ukuthi uxhumane ngqo nesistimu yokusebenza. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imiyalo ngayinye noma izintambo zomyalo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni amafayela, ekuxilongeni amanethiwekhi, ekwenzeni imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalela, noma ekufinyeleleni izinketho ezinganikezwa yi-GUI ngokushesha.
Nakuba ifana ne-MS-DOS, i-CMD akuyona i-MS-DOS . Iyithuluzi lokuphatha le-Windows NT (Windows 7/8/10/11 kanye ne-Server), elikwazi ukusebenzisa izinsiza zesistimu, izikripthi ze-.bat , kanye namafayela amaningi e-.exe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiyalo yayo iyasebenza naku-Windows 11 , ngakho-ke lokho okufundayo lapha kuzoba wusizo ezinguqulweni zanamuhla zesistimu.
Ivula kanjani ikhonsoli nokuthi ungasebenzisa nini amalungelo omlawuli
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvula i-CMD, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi okukulungele kakhulu. Okuqondile kakhulu ukuvula imenyu ethi Qala bese uthayipha i-cmd ukuvula i-Command Prompt . Ungachofoza futhi kwesokudla bese ukhetha u-Run as administrator uma udinga amalungelo aphezulu.
Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo: I-Windows + R bese uthayipha i-cmd; I-Windows + X bese ukhetha u-“Command Prompt” (noma i-Windows PowerShell kuye ngenguqulo); futhi kusukela ku-Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) ngaphansi kwe-File > Run new task, uthayipha i-cmd. Uma ufuna ukuthi isebenze njengamalungelo aphezulu, vula indawo yesinqamuleli , iya ku-Properties > Shortcut > Advanced options, bese uhlola u-“Run as administrator.”
Ukuze uzulazule futhi uthole indlela yakho emafolda, imiyalo ebalulekile ilula kakhulu. I-`CD` ishintsha isiqondisi: `cd Path` noma `cd..` ukuze ikhuphuke izinga elilodwa. I-`DIR` ibala okuqukethwe kwamanje ngamafayela namafolda amancane, bese i-`TREE Folder` ibonisa umuthi wesiqondisi wendlela ethile.
Uma isikrini sigcwele, i-CLS isula ikhonsoli ukuze iqale phansi; uma usuqedile, i-EXIT ivala iwindi . Futhi uma ungakhumbuli i-syntax yomyalo, i-HELP ibonisa uhlu olutholakalayo ngencazelo emfushane, ngenkathi ingeza i-/? kumyalo (isibonelo, i-dir /?) ikhombisa amapharamitha awo.
Ukuze udale futhi uhlele, i-MD (noma i-MKDIR) FolderName idala ifolda entsha. I-RENAME iqamba kabusha ifayela (kanye nesandiso salo uma sifakiwe), yize ingaguquli amafomethi ngomlingo. I-DEL isusa amafayela noma amafolda (qaphela ukuthi ungawasebenzisi ngokunganaki; uma ungakwazi ukuwasusa, bheka ukuthi ungawasusa kanjani amafayela angasuswa ), kanye ne-FORMAT ifometha idrayivu yonke, ngakho-ke isebenzise ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Kopisha, hambisa futhi izinsiza ezithuthukile
Ukuze ukopishe amafayela, sebenzisa i-COPY Destination File ; uma ufuna ukuwahambisa, sebenzisa i-MOVE Destination File ukuze uwahambise ngaphandle kokushiya ikhophi. Uma usebenza ngamavolumu amakhulu, i-ROBOCOPY iwummese we-Swiss Army: ukukopisha okusheshayo nokuqinile, ukuzama kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, ikhono lokuqalisa kabusha, kanye nesibonakaliso senqubekela phambili.
Uma udinga ukuqhathanisa, i-FC ikhombisa umehluko phakathi kwamafayela amabili noma amasethi amafayela. I-ASSOC yembula ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo oluvula isandiso esithile, esiwusizo ekuxilongeni ukuhlanganiswa kwamafayela. Futhi i-CIPHER ingabhala ngaphezulu isikhala samahhala ukuze kube nzima ukubuyisa amafayela asusiwe.
Ukuxilongwa nokugcinwa kwesistimu
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngekhompyutha yakho, i-SYSTEMINFO inikeza imininingwane efana negama lomphathi, inguqulo eqondile ye-Windows, iprosesa, i-RAM, i-motherboard, kanye nesitoreji, phakathi kolunye ulwazi. I-VER ibuyisela inguqulo yesistimu yezinombolo, futhi i-TIME ibonisa noma ishintsha isikhathi samanje, uma kwenzeka usola noma yiziphi izinkinga.
Uma kwenzeka amaphutha, i-CHKDSK ihlola ubuso bediski, ithole imikhakha emibi, futhi ilungise ukungahambisani kohlelo lwefayela. I-SFC /scannow ihlola ubuqotho bamafayela esistimu bese ifaka amakhophi agciniwe esikhundleni salawo onakele (idinga i-CMD njengomphathi). Ngemisebenzi eyengeziwe, isebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-DISM.
Ukuze ukhulule isikhala, i-CLEANMGR ivula ithuluzi lakudala le-Disk Cleanup. Uma uthola izixwayiso zesikhala, ungalahla isaziso sesikhala esiphansi . Uma ufuna ukuhlola ukusebenza, i-WINSAT FORMAL isebenzisa ibhentshimakhi evamile; ungasebenzisa izinhlobo ezifana ne -CPUFORMAL, MEMFORMAL, GRAPHICSFORMAL , noma i-DISKFORMAL ukukala izingxenye ezithile.
Eminye imisebenzi: I-DEFRAG iphula idrayivu; I-DISKPART iphatha amadiski kanye nama-partition (LIST DISK, LIST VOLUME ye-inventory); I-SHUTDOWN -s -t ihlela ukuvala ngemizuzwana embalwa (noma i--r ukuze iqale kabusha), bese i-LOGOFF ikuvala ngaphandle kokuvala ikhompyutha. Uma udinga i-Control Panel yakudala, i-CONTROL PANEL iyivula ngokushesha. Uma udinga ukuhlanganisa ama-partition, bheka ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani ama-partition amabili e-NTFS ezimweni ezithile.
Amanethiwekhi nokuxhuma
Okokuqala, i-IPCONFIG ibonisa ukucushwa kwe-IP, i-subnet mask, i-gateway, i-DNS, nokunye okuningi, okulungele ukubuka konke okusheshayo kwenethiwekhi yakho. I-PING ihlola ukuxhumana ne-host; uma udinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwendlela yokudlulisa idatha kanye nokubambezeleka kwe-hop-to-hop, i-TRACERT kanye ne -PATHPING bangabangane bakho abakhulu.
Uma kuphenywa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kanye namachweba asetshenziswayo, i-NETSTAT ibala izibalo, amathebula okuqondisa, kanye nesimo se-TCP/IP. I-GETMAC ikunikeza ikheli le-MAC lekhadi lenethiwekhi yekhompyutha, futhi i-NSLOOKUP isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwamagama nama-IP e-DNS. Ukuze kuhlaziywe kabanzi, i-NETSH ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe futhi uhlole ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ngokujulile.
cmd.exe syntax, opharetha, nemibala
Umhumushi we -cmd uqobo lwakhe usekela amapharamitha awusizo kakhulu: i-/c ikhipha umyalo bese iphuma, i-/k iyawukhipha futhi igcina ikhonsoli ivuliwe, i-/q ikhubaza i-echo, i- /d ikhubaza i-AutoRun, i-/a kanye ne- /u iphoqa i-ANSI noma i-Unicode output, i-/e:on|off ilawula izandiso zomyalo, i-/f:on|off ivula ukuqedwa kwegama, futhi i-/v:on|off ivumela ukunwetshwa okuguquguqukayo okubambezelekile.
Ukuze ushintshe imibala, i-/t:bf ilungisa ingemuva kanye nengaphambili isebenzisa izinombolo ze-hexadecimal. Lawa amanani avumelekile:
| I-Valor | Color |
|---|---|
| 0 | Negro |
| 1 | Azul |
| 2 | oluhlaza |
| 3 | Amanzi |
| 4 | I-Rojo |
| 5 | I-Purple |
| 6 | Amarillo |
| 7 | Mhlophe |
| 8 | grey |
| 9 | Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka |
| a | Luhlaza okhanyayo |
| b | Amanzi acwebile |
| c | Ubomvu okhanyayo |
| d | Okunsomi okukhanyayo |
| e | Uphuzi okhanyayo |
| f | UBlanco brillante |
Abasebenzi benza umehluko omkhulu: | bafaka amapayipi okukhipha komyalo owodwa kokufakwa komunye; || benza okulandelayo kuphela uma owedlule wehluleka; > iqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo kufayela; & ihlanganisa imiyalo; futhi && ikwenza ngokulandelana kuphela uma iphumelele.
Ngezinhlamvu ezikhethekile nezindlela eziqukethe izikhala, izingcaphuno eziphindwe kabili ziyimpoqo, futhi uvame ukudinga ukuphunyuka izimpawu ezifana ne- & , <, >, ( ), |, ^, =, !, +, ~, kanye nezikhala. Kunezimo ezingavamile lapho kuhlanganiswa izingcaphuno ne- /c noma i- /k : uma izimo ezithile zingahlangatshezwani (isibonelo, i-pair eyodwa yezingcaphuno ezingenazo izinhlamvu ezikhethekile ngaphakathi), i-cmd isusa izingcaphuno zokuqala nezokugcina bese icubungula ezinye ngokufanele.
Okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo kanye nokwandiswa okuhlehlisiwe
Indawo yomyalo womyalo iqukethe iziguquguquko zesistimu nezomsebenzisi ezilawula ukuziphatha kwegobolondo kanye neWindows uqobo. Ukuze uzibuke, sebenzisa i-`set` (ku-PowerShell, `Get-ChildItem Env: `), futhi ukuze ubuze iguquguquko ethile, sebenzisa i-`set VariableName`.
Ukuze udale noma ushintshe amanani, sebenzisa i-`set Name=value` ; ukuze uyisuse, sebenzisa i-`set Name= `. Uma inani liqukethe izinhlamvu ezikhethekile (>, |, &, ^), kufanele ulibalekele nge-^ noma ulifake ezicaphunweni ezimbili (lezi zigcinwa njengengxenye yenani). Isibonelo: `set Name=New^&Name` noma `set Name="New&Name"`.
Ukuze ufake okunye esikhundleni sokuqukethwe kwe-variable inline, sebenzisa i-%VARIABLE% emiyalweni nasezikriphthini: i-cmd iyandisa kanye kuphela (hhayi ngokuphindaphindekayo). Uma udinga ukuhlola amanani ngemva kokushintsha ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi, vumela ukunwetshwa okulibazisekile (/v:on) bese usebenzisa i-!VARIABLE!.
Qedela ngokuzenzakalelayo amafayela nezinkomba
Ukuqedwa kwegama akuvunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ungakunika amandla nge- cmd /f:on . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukumisa okhiye ku-Registry kulezi zindlela: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar kanye ne- PathCompletionChar , kanye nokulingana kwabo ku- HKCU , kusetshenziswa amanani e-REG_DWORD (isibonelo, u-0x9 we-TAB noma u-0x08 we-BACKSPACE).
Uma ukuqedwa kuvuliwe, i-CTRL+D iqedela amafolda bese i-CTRL+F iqedela amafayela namafolda . Ukuphinda lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuphindaphinda ngokufana; u-Shift+ukhiye ohambisanayo ubuyela emuva. Uma uhlela umucu, uhlu lokufana luyabalwa kabusha, futhi izindlela ezinezikhala zifakwe kuma-quotation marks ukuvimbela amaphutha.
Izinqamuleli namaqhinga okonga isikhathi
Izinkinobho zomsebenzi zisheshisa ukusebenza ngomlando. I-F1 ibhala kabusha uhlamvu lomyalo wokugcina ngohlamvu; I-F2 icela uhlamvu bese inamathisela kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube yilapho luvela khona okokuqala; I-F3 ibhala kabusha ngokuphelele umyalo wokugcina; I-F4 isusa kusuka kusikhombisi iye kuhlamvu olucacisiwe.
I-F5 ijikeleza ngemiyalo yangaphambilini (ngaphandle kokuthi i-autocomplete isebenze), i-F6 ifaka ifulegi le-EOF (^Z), i-F7 ibonisa imenyu yomlando, i-F8 ibhala kabusha imiyalo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini, bese i-F9 iphinda isebenzise ngenombolo evela kumenyu ye-F7. Ungasebenzisa futhi umcibisholo obheke phezulu ukuze uthole umyalo wangaphambilini onesikhombisi ekugcineni.
Ukuze usebenzise imiyalo eminingi ngokulandelana, yihlanganise ndawonye nge -&& noma uyihlukanise nge- & uma ungathembeli empumelelweni. Uma kukhona okubambekayo, i-CTRL+C iyakhansela ukusebenza (futhi uma uhlelo lokusebenza luqina, bheka ukuthi ungaluvala kanjani uhlelo lokusebenza oluqinisiwe ku-Windows ). Kuningi kakhulu okukhiphayo? Engeza | okuningi ukuze ubhale phansi, | thola "umbhalo" ukuze uhlunge imigqa enegama elithile, | clip ukuze ulikopishe ebhodini lokunamathisela, noma > file.txt ukuze ulilondoloze.
Izibonelo ezisebenzayo kanye “namaresiphi” amancane
Ukuze usule isikrini, i-`cls` ibuyisela ikhonsoli esimweni esihlanzekile. Uma ufuna uhlu lombhalo olucacile lwakho konke okukufolda, i-`dir /b > listado.txt` idala ifayela elinamagama amafayela nama-subdirectories endleleni yamanje.
Uma ukhetha ukukopisha okukhiphayo ebhodini lokunamathisela, ungathayipha i-dir | clip bese uyinamathisela nge-Ctrl + V. Ukuze uthayiphe uphawu lwepayipi kumakhibhodi amaningi eSpanishi, khumbula ukuthi ngokuvamile luphuma nge -AltGr + 1.
Ukuze kulungiswe amafayela esistimu, i-`sfc /scannow` iskena futhi ilungise noma yimaphi amafayela onakele ewatholayo isebenzisa ama-cache endawo. Uma kuvela inani elikhulu lamaphutha, kungase kube yisikhathi sokushintsha idiski ngaphambi kokuba ulahlekelwe idatha.
Njengelukuluku, ungakwazi shumeka ifayela ngaphakathi kwesithombe no: copy /b documento.docx+foto.png salida.pngUma uvula isithombe, uzobona isithombe; uma uvula ifayela eliwumphumela ngohlelo lokusebenza olufanele (isibonelo, i-Word), uzokwazi ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwedokhumenti efihliwe.
Ukuze uhlole isofthiwe, i-`wmic product get name` ibala izinhlelo ezifakiwe. Kukhona inketho yokukhipha usebenzisa i-`wmic product lapho i-"ExactName" ibiza khona ngokuthi uninstall /nointeractive` , yize kungeyona indlela elula kakhulu ngoba idinga igama eliqondile, ngakho ngokuvamile akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhipha inani elikhulu lezinhlelo.
Uma ufuna shintsha isihloko sewindi Ukuze uhlukanise izimo ku-CMD, sebenzisa: title MiConsolaUkuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezilawuli, umbuzo womshayeli /fo list /v ibonisa indawo, isimo, usayizi kanye nosuku lomshayeli ngamunye (bona Ungathola kanjani ukuthi yimaphi abashayeli engibafakile).
Ngokufakwa ohlwini, i-`dir` isekela ukuhlunga: isibonelo, i-`dir /os` (ngosayizi) noma izinketho zosuku ezifana ne -`dir /od` ukuze ubuke kusukela kokudala kuya kokusha. Zama nge- `/o` modifier kanye nezinketho zayo ezincane ukuze ufeze i-oda oyifunayo ngokusekelwe kuzidingo zakho.
Ukusungula imishini, uhleloinfo Ibonisa yonke into esikrinini (ungayihlanganisa nayo > ulwazi.txt ukuyigcina). Uma ukugcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini kuyinto yakho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-winget-konke Ithola futhi ibuyekeze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo kumugqa womyalo, futhi kungenzeka buyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile no: winget upgrade NOMBRE_PROGRAMA.EXTENSION.
Ukuze uthole ukuskena kwe-malware okusheshayo nge-antivirus ye-Microsoft, ungasebenzisa i- ukuskena okusheshayo usebenzisa insiza yomugqa womyalo weWindows Defender, isibonelo: mpcmdrun.exe -Scan -1 kusuka emzileni wayo ohambisanayo.
Uma udinga ukubona inguqulo eqondile ye-Windows ikhompyutha yakho esebenza, thayipha i-winner . Iwindi lizovela elibonisa uhlelo, inombolo yokwakha, futhi, uma ilayisensi ixhunywe kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-Microsoft, lokho kuhlangana kuzobonakala.
Izinkinga ezivamile nendlela yokuzixazulula
Uma i-CMD ibonisa ukuthi "Access denied ," cishe awunazo izimvume: vula kabusha ikhonsoli njengomlawuli. Uma umlayezo uthi awukwazi ukuthola ifayela, hlola izindlela, amamaki okucaphuna, kanye nezikhala , njengoba lokhu kuvame ukuba yimbangela.
Uma ubona "iphutha le-Syntax ," hlola amapharamitha noma sebenzisa i-/? ukuze ukhumbule izinketho zomyalo. Uma umyalo "ungaphenduli," cindezela i-Ctrl+C ukuze wephule ukusebenza bese uhlola ukuthi udinga amapharamitha engeziwe. Uma usola izinkinga zokufaka ikhodi, zama i-chcp 65001 (UTF-8) noma usebenzise umyalo ovela ku-PowerShell.
I-CMD vs PowerShell: Umehluko Obalulekile
Ngokubukeka ziyafana, kodwa azifani . I-CMD isebenza ngombhalo ocacile futhi ilungele imisebenzi eyisisekelo, izikripthi ezilula ze-.bat, kanye nokusebenza okusheshayo. I-PowerShell isebenza ngezinto , inolimi lwayo lokubhala, amamojula, izimo, ama-loop, kanye namakhono amaningi okuzenzakalelayo nokuphatha athuthukile.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, i-CMD ihlala ilula kakhulu kuma-ping, uhlu, ama-backups, ukulungiswa, kanye nokuxilongwa okusheshayo. Uma ufuna ukuzenzakalela okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhipha okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha okuhlelekile, i-PowerShell iyithuluzi elizokunikeza lowo mphumela owengeziwe.
I-FAQ Esheshayo
Ingabe i-CMD ne-PowerShell yinto efanayo?
Cha, zisebenza izindima ezahlukene : i-CMD ilula futhi iqondile kakhulu emisebenzini eyisisekelo; i-PowerShell inamandla kakhulu, iyaguquguquka, futhi ihloselwe ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo i-CMD ezinikezayo ngaphezu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esinesithombe?
Isivinini, ukufinyelela okuqondile kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela : ungafinyelela izinketho ezingabonakali ku-GUI kanye nemiyalelo yochungechunge ukuze wonge isikhathi.
Ingabe i-CMD isazotholakala ezinguqulweni ezizayo zeWindows?
I-Microsoft isekela i-CMD, yize ikhuthaza i-PowerShell njengendawo eyinhloko. Akukho simemezelo esisemthethweni sokuyeka kwayo ukusebenza.
Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa imiyalo ye-PowerShell ku-CMD?
Hhayi ngokuqondileZiyizilimi ezahlukene, nakuba ungakwazi ukuvula i-PowerShell ku-CMD ngokuthayipha powershell futhi wethule imiyalo yabo lapho.
Ingabe kuphephile ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi umyalo?
Kuncike kumyalo othi . Gwema ukukopisha nokunamathisela ngaphandle kokuwuqonda, ikakhulukazi uma ushintsha uhlelo (ukufometha, izinguquko zokubhalisa, ukususwa).
Ngiyibheka kanjani inguqulo ye-CMD?
Thayipha i-ver yenguqulo yesistimu noma i-cmd /? ukuthola ulwazi lomhumushi womyalo mayelana nokufakwa kwakho.
Ingabe ukubukeka kwewindi kungenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo?
Yebo, ku-Properties (chofoza ngakwesokudla kubha yesihloko): imibala, amafonti, usayizi wewindi, nokuningi.
Kwenzekani uma umyalo ungekho?
Izimvume zingase zingabi khona noma umyalo ungase ungatholakali kuhlelo lwakho . Zama ukusebenzisa njengomlawuli bese uqinisekisa ukuthi akuwona umyalo okhethekile we-PowerShell.
Ingabe izinguquko ezenziwe kusetshenziswa i-CMD zingahlehliswa?
Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi : Ukususa ngaphandle kwesipele akunakuguqulwa. Ukuze uthole izilungiselelo zokucushwa, funa umyalo ophambene noma ubuyisele kusuka kusipele.
Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, manje usunolwazi oluphelele lokufunda i-CMD : kusukela ekuzulazuleni amafolda, ukukopisha noma ukuqhathanisa amafayela, nokuphatha uhlelo, kuya ekuhloleni inethiwekhi, ukuhlanganisa imiyalo nabaqhubi, ukwandisa iziguquguquko kanye nokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela, noma ukusebenzisa izinqamuleli ezingaziwa kangako. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha , i-Command Prompt iba yi-productive booster kanye nomzila wokuphila lapho isikhombimsebenzisi singaphumeleli.