- Iseva iyidivayisi noma isofthiwe ehlinzeka ngamasevisi kwamanye amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamaseva, njengewebhu, i-imeyili, isizindalwazi, i-DNS namaseva wamafayela.
- Amaseva aphathekayo adinga ukulungiswa, kuyilapho amaseva amafu enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
- Amaseva abalulekile kungqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe futhi aqinisekisa ukutholakala kolwazi.
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe beseva buyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kwe-inthanethi kanye nezinsizakalo eziningi zedijithali. Noma kunjalo, kusenemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi iyini iseva, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko sizosula konke lokhu okungaziwa futhi sinikeze ukubuka kabanzi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseva nezici zawo.
Kusukela kumaseva ewebhu avumela ukufinyelela kumakhasi e-inthanethi kuya kumaseva edathabheyisi agcina ulwazi olubalulekile lwebhizinisi, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezifeza izindima ezibalulekile engqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe yanamuhla. Ake sihlole ngayinye yazo ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwayo nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Yini iseva?
Iseva iyidivayisi noma uhlelo lwekhompyutha oluhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, idatha, noma izinsiza kwamanye amadivayisi aziwa ngokuthi amaklayenti. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuphendula izicelo ezitholwa yinethiwekhi, njenge-inthanethi noma inethiwekhi yangasese.
Amaseva anganikezelwa ngokukhethekile emsebenzini othile, njengokusebenzisa amakhasi ewebhu noma ukugcina amafayela, noma angahlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuye ngenjongo yazo, zingasetshenziswa emabhizinisini, ezikhungweni zedatha, ngisho nasemakhaya.
Isebenza kanjani iseva
Iseva isebenza ngaphansi kwemodeli yeklayenti-iseva , lapho amaklayenti (amakhompyutha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma amadivayisi) enza izicelo bese iseva izicubungula ukuze ibuyisele ulwazi oluceliwe. Le nqubo ivame ukulandela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Ukwamukelwa kwesicelo: Iklayenti licela ukufinyelela esisetshenziswa (njengekhasi lewebhu noma ifayela).
- Iyacubungula: Iseva ihlola isicelo bese isesha isistimu yakho ukuze ithole okuqukethwe okuceliwe.
- Impendulo: Uma insiza isitholakele, iseva iyithumela eklayentini ukuze libukwe noma lisetshenziswe.
Kule nqubo, amaseva angasebenzisa amaphrothokholi ahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwesicelo. Isibonelo, iphrothokholi ye-HTTP isetshenziswa kumaseva ewebhu, kuyilapho i-FTP ivumela ukudluliselwa kwamafayela.
Izinhlobo zamaseva nokusetshenziswa kwazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaseva, ngayinye inomsebenzi othile ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Ngezansi sikhuluma ezibaluleke kakhulu:
Iseva yeWebhu
Iseva yewebhu inesibopho sokugcina nokusabalalisa amakhasi ewebhu kubasebenzisi abawacela ngesiphequluli. Isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-HTTP noma ye-HTTPS yokudlulisa idatha. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseva ewebhu, ungabheka umhlahlandlela wethu ophelele wamaseva ewebhu.
Iseva yemeyili
Iseva yemeyili ilawula ukuthunyelwa nokwamukelwa kwama-imeyili kunethiwekhi. Isebenzisa amaphrothokholi afana ne-SMTP ukuthumela ama-imeyili kanye ne-POP3 noma i-IMAP ukuwamukela.
Isiphakeli sedatha
Lawa maseva agcina futhi aphatha ulwazi oluningi oluhlelekile, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela idatha okusheshayo nokuphephile kusuka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwesizindalwazi endaweni yeklayenti-iseva, ungase ube nentshisekelo kumhlahlandlela wethu mayelana nokwakhiwa kwesizindalwazi seklayenti-iseva.
Iseva ye-DNS
Iseva ye-DNS ibalulekile ekuphequluleni iwebhu, njengoba ihumusha amagama esizinda (njenge-www.example.com) abe amakheli e-IP, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi ku-inthanethi.
Iseva yefayela
Lolu hlobo lweseva lunesibopho sokugcina imibhalo, izithombe, amavidiyo nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwefayela ukuze abasebenzisi benethiwekhi bakwazi ukufinyelela noma ukwabelana ngalo.
Iseva yommeleli
Iseva yommeleli isebenza njengomlamuleli phakathi kwamakhasimende namanye amaseva, ihlinzeka ngokuphepha, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana, kanye nokulawula ithrafikhi.
Izici nezimfuneko zeseva
Ukuze iseva yenze umsebenzi wayo kahle, idinga ukuba nezici ezithile ezibalulekile :
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ngokuvamile ifakwe amaphrosesa anamandla kanye ne-RAM eyanele yokusingatha izicelo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ukutholakala okuqhubekayo: Amaseva ngokuvamile asebenza 24/7 ukuze aqinisekise isevisi eqhubekayo.
- Ukuphepha okuqinile: Basebenzisa izinyathelo ezifana nezindonga zokuvikela, ukubethela kanye nokuqinisekisa komsebenzisi ukuze bavikele idatha.
- Umthamo wesitoreji: Kumelwe babe nama-hard drive noma ama-SSD anesikhala esanele sokuqukatha ulwazi oludingekayo.
Amaseva Aphathekayo vs Amaseva Efu
Namuhla, amaseva angaba ngokomzimba (izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezinikelwe) noma ezibonakalayo (emafini). Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo:
Amaseva aphathekayo
Amathuluzi aphathekayo atholakala ezikhungweni zedatha noma ezinkampanini. Banikeza ukulawula okukhulu kwingqalasizinda, kodwa badinga ukunakekelwa kanye nendawo ebonakalayo.
Amaseva wamafu
Lawa maseva aphethwe kumapulatifomu aku-inthanethi futhi anikeza ukukhuliswa, ukuphepha , kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi. Izibonelo zabahlinzeki balolu hlobo zifaka i-Amazon AWS, i-Google Cloud, kanye ne-Microsoft Azure. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusingathwa kwamafu kanye nezinzuzo zako, hlola isihloko sethu mayelana nokusingathwa kwamafu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi iseva iyini kanye nemisebenzi yayo eminingi kubalulekile ezweni ledijithali, njengoba kuyisisekelo sokuxhumana kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha kunethiwekhi. Kusukela ekusekeleni amawebhusayithi kuya ekuphatheni izizindalwazi zebhizinisi, indima yabo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwazo zonke izinhlelo zesimanje.
Inkomba