Ingabe ufuna enye isizindalwazi sobudlelwano bendabuko? Imininingo egciniwe engahlobene ingase ibe yimpendulo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini ngempela isizindalwazi esingahlobene, izici zayo eziyinhloko, nezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona. Futhi, sizokuhamba ngezibonelo ezithile ukuze sikusize unqume ukuthi le nketho ilungele ibhizinisi lakho. Ingabe usukulungele ukungena emhlabeni wemininingwane egciniwe engahlobene? Qhubeka ufunda!
Isingeniso
Uma uke wasebenza ezweni lama-database , cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "okungewona ubudlelwano." Kalula nje, i-database engewona ubudlelwano yileyo engalandeli isakhiwo sendabuko esisekelwe kumathebula nobudlelwano. Esikhundleni salokho, isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokugcina nokuhlela idatha.
Lolu hlobo lwesizindalwazi seluya ngokuya luduma ngenxa yekhono lalo lokuphatha amanani amakhulu olwazi olungahlelekile. Njengoba amabhizinisi ekhiqiza idatha eyengeziwe nsuku zonke, abaningi baphendukela kulezi zixazululo ezintsha ukuze bayiphathe ngempumelelo.
Ubudlelwano vs. Izizindalwazi Ezingezona Ubudlelwano
Imininingo egciniwe yobudlelwano bekuyisinqumo esimisiwe amashumi eminyaka, kodwa muva nje kube nokugudlukela kwezingahlobene. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isizindalwazi esihlobene sisebenzisa amathebula nobudlelwano phakathi kwabo ukuze sigcine ulwazi, kuyilapho isizindalwazi esingahlobene sisebenzisa amamodeli ahlukene.
Nakuba zombili lezi zinhlelo zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, iqiniso liwukuthi inani elikhulayo ledatha lisho ukuthi izinkampani eziningi ziya ngokuya zikhetha amasistimu angahlobene ngenxa yekhono lazo lokusingatha imiqulu yolwazi ngaphandle kokudela isivinini noma ukukala.
Izici eziyinhloko
Imininingo egciniwe engahlobene ibonakala ngokuba nesakhiwo esivumelana nezimo esivumela ukugcinwa kolwazi oluningi, ngaphandle kokulandela uhlelo olumisiwe noluchazwe ngaphambilini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezidingo ezahlukene nezinhlobo zedatha, okuwenza abe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Ziningi izinzuzo zokukhetha isizindalwazi esingahlobene. Lezi zingosi zolwazi zingakaleka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuphatha imiqulu emikhulu yolwazi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngisho nasezindaweni ezisabalalisiwe nezisekelwe kumafu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imininingwane egciniwe engahlobene ingacubungula amanani amakhulu olwazi ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo ngokuguquguquka.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Imininingo egciniwe engahlobene inezinzuzo kanye nokubi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zingosi zolwazi zivumelana nezimo kakhulu kunezobudlelwano, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukuphatha inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zedatha ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingalinganisa ngokuvundlile, okuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kwamabhizinisi akhulayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imininingwane egciniwe engahlobene nayo inobubi obuthile. Kungaba nzima ukuziqonda nokuphatha ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bazo. Ukwengeza, bangase bantule ukwesekwa okwanele kanye nemibhalo uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abadume kakhulu kwezobudlelwane.
Izibonelo zolwazi olungahlobene
Imininingo egciniwe engahlobene ingaba usizo uma kuziwa ekugcineni inani elikhulu lolwazi elishintsha njalo. Izibonelo ezidumile zifaka i-MongoDB, i-Cassandra, ne-Couchbase.
I-MongoDB iyisizindalwazi sedokhumenti esebenzisa amadokhumenti e-JSON ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi, kuyilapho i-Cassandra yakhelwe ukuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha esatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amaseva ahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Couchbase ihlanganisa ukukalwa okuvundlile kwemodeli yenani elingukhiye nokuguquguquka kwemodeli yedokhumenti. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo emakethe zalabo abathanda ukuhlola izinzuzo ezihlinzekwa yisizindalwazi esingahlobene.
Izinhlobo zolwazi olungahlobene
Imininingo egciniwe engahlobene ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa, ngayinye ibe nendlela yayo yokugcina nokufinyelela idatha. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu isizindalwazi senani elingukhiye. Kulolu hlobo, into ngayinye igcinwa njengepheya enani elingukhiye eliyingqayizivele futhi ingatholwa ngokushesha ngokhiye wayo.
Olunye uhlobo oludumile yizizindalwazi zedokhumenti, ezigcina idatha kumadokhumenti ahlelekile e-JSON noma e-XML . Imibuzo ingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-MongoDB Query Language (MQL), okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokwanda ekuphatheni ulwazi oluningi.
Isizindalwazi senani elingukhiye
Isizindalwazi senani elingukhiye wuhlobo lwesizindalwazi esingahlobene esigcina idatha ngamapheya enani elingukhiye. Lezi zingosi zolwazi zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamavolumu amakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zedatha, njengoba zinikeza ukukala okuphezulu.
Inani ngalinye kusizindalwazi lixhunywe kukhiye oyingqayizivele, okuvumela ukutholwa ngokushesha kwedatha ngokuyikhomba ngokhiye. Ukwengeza, isizindalwazi senani elingukhiye singasatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amaseva amaningi ukuze kusingathwe inani elikhulu lolwazi.
Imininingo egciniwe yamadokhumentari
Imininingo egciniwe yamadokhumenti ingenye ekhangayo yalabo abaphatha amanani amakhulu olwazi olungahlelekile. Lezi zingosi zolwazi zikuvumela ukuthi ugcine amadokhumenti aphelele esikhundleni sokuhlukanisa imininingwane ibe amathebula namakholomu.
Ngokungafani nezizindalwazi eziphathelene nobudlelwano, izizindalwazi zedokhumenti zine-schema eguquguqukayo neguquguqukayo evumela ukuthi zivumelane kalula nezinguquko noma izibuyekezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lazo lokusebenza ngamafomethi ahlukene nezinhlobo zamafayela lizenza zibe ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu lokuhlaziya nokucubungula idatha eningi.
Imininingwane yegrafu
Imininingo egciniwe yegrafu iwuhlobo lwesizindalwazi esingahlobene esigcina ulwazi njengamanodi axhumene. Inodi ngayinye imele ibhizinisi futhi ubudlelwano busungulwa kusetshenziswa imiphetho.
Le modeli iwusizo kakhulu ekumeleleni amanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi, njengamanethiwekhi omphakathi noma izinhlelo zokuncoma. Ukwengeza, izizindalwazi zamagrafu zinika amandla imibuzo esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi engakala ngenxa yekhono layo lokwenza ukusesha okujulile nokusheshayo ngaphakathi kwegrafu.
Izingosi zolwazi zento
Imininingo egciniwe yezinto iyisigaba esithile ngaphakathi kolwazi olungahlobene. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, lolu hlobo luvumela ukudalwa okuqondile nokugcinwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amatafula.
Kulezi zingosi zolwazi, izinto zigcinwa njengamayunithi angawodwana anezihlonzi ezihlukile ezingabuyiswa kalula noma zilungiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-schema ayidingi ukuchazwa kusengaphambili, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwaso kumasistimu aphatha amanani amakhulu olwazi oluhlukahlukene.
Izizindalwazi zekholomu
Imininingo egciniwe yekholomu igcina idatha kumakholomu aqondile, kunemigqa evundlile njengoba kwenza izingosi zolwazi ezihlobene. Ikholomu ngayinye inohlobo oluthile negama, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ekusesheni nasekubuyiseni ulwazi.
Ngenxa yekhono lazo lokunwebeka ngaphandle kokuthinta uketshezi lwezinhlelo zabo, lezi zincwadi zolwazi ziyithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lalezo zinkampani ezethula inani elikhulayo lolwazi, njengoba zizivumela ukuthi zigcine futhi zihlaziye idatha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Imininingwane eminingi
Imininingo egciniwe enamanani amaningi iyisizinda solwazi esingahlobene esivumela amanani amaningi ukuthi agcinwe ekubhanqweni kwenani elingukhiye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhiye ngamunye ungaba nenani elingaphezu kwelilodwa elihlotshaniswa nawo, elisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni inani elikhulu lolwazi.
Inzuzo ebalulekile ukuguquguquka, njengoba ivumela izinkambu ezintsha namanani ukuthi kwengezwe ngaphandle kokushintsha sonke isakhiwo sangaphambilini. Nokho, ubunkimbinkimbi bayo bungenza kube nzima ukufinyelela idatha ngaphandle kwamathuluzi afanelekile noma ulwazi olukhethekile lobuchwepheshe.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-database efanele?
Lapho ukhetha i-database engahlobene, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zethu kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukugcina inani elikhulu ledatha okufanele icutshungulwe ngokushesha, okuhle kungaba ukukhetha igrafu noma isizindalwazi sekholomu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela uhlobo lolwazi okufanele luphathwe. Uma isizindalwazi sethu sizoqukatha izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezibaluli eziningi, kufanele sikhethe idokhumenti noma isizindalwazi esisekelwe entweni. Ukuze sikhethe isisekelo esifanele kufanele sihlaziye ngokucophelela izidingo zethu futhi sibheke inketho ezifanela kangcono.
Isiphetho. Ingabe isizindalwazi esingesona esobudlelwano siyindlela engcono kakhulu?
Ngemva kokuhlola imininingo egciniwe engahlobene, singasho ukuthi inikela ngenye indlela ethokozisayo kusizindalwazi esivamile sobudlelwano. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi banemikhawulo ngokuphathelene nobunkimbinkimbi bedatha abangayisingatha kanye nekhono labo lokwenza imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi bayakala kakhulu, bayavumelana nezimo futhi basebenza kahle.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwesizindalwazi esihlobene noma esingahlobene kuzoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni nenani lolwazi ofuna ukuligcina, kanye nokusetshenziswa ozokunikeza lona. Ngokuvamile, imininingo egciniwe engahlobene ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu neselula ezinomthamo omkhulu wedatha nokuvumelana okuphezulu.
Sengiphetha, nakuba udaba ngalunye kufanele luhlolwe ngalolodwa ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesizindalwazi okufanele lusetshenziswe, isizindalwazi esingahlobene simele inketho ekhangayo nentsha yalawo maphrojekthi lapho ukuqina nokuvumelana nezimo kuyizici ezibalulekile.