- Nquma izidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali; khetha uhlobo lwemishini (ideskithophu, ilaptop, i-ultrabook, ithebhulethi) ngokuya ngokuhamba nokusetshenziswa.
- Beka kuqala ukucaciswa: iprosesa, i-RAM, isitoreji (i-SSD), ikhadi lezithombe, ukuqapha, nezimbobo; khetha isistimu yokusebenza ehambisanayo.
- Amamodeli ocwaningo, qhathanisa amanani kanye nokubuyekezwa, hlola amawaranti kanye nesevisi yezobuchwepheshe; thenga ezitolo ezinokwethenjelwa futhi usebenzise izipesheli.
Ukuthenga imishini yekhompyutha kuwumsebenzi olula, kodwa kufanele ucabangele izici eziningana. Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya wonke amaphuzu okufanele acatshangelwe ukuze ukhethe ikhompyutha engcono kakhulu ngokwezidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali.
Imishini Yekhompyutha: Amathiphu Okuthenga
Izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga ikhompuyutha
Kubalulekile ukuqonda izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga ikhompuyutha. Lezi zici zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesisetshenziswa (njengekhompuyutha ephathekayo noma ikhompyutha yedeskithophu) kanye nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
Ukusebenza kweprosesa
Iphrosesa iwubuchopho bekhompiyutha futhi ithinta ngokuqondile isivinini nokuphendula kwayo. Kufanele ubheke iphrosesa elungele imisebenzi ozoyenza, noma ngabe iphrosesa eyisisekelo kakhulu yemisebenzi elula noma enamandla kakhulu yemisebenzi enzima efana nokuhlela ividiyo noma ukuklama kwezithombe.
Imemori ye-RAM
I-RAM ithinta ukuphendula nokushesha kwekhompyutha yakho lapho usebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi nemisebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kunconywa ukuthi ube nenani elanele le-RAM ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kwekhompyutha.
Umthamo wesitoreji
Kubalulekile ukucabangela inani lesikhala sokugcina esidingekayo samafayela nezinhlelo. Kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye, ungakhetha phakathi kwesitoreji se-hard drive yendabuko noma i-solid-state drive (SSD) , enikeza ukufinyelela kwedatha okusheshayo.
Ikhadi lemifanekiso
Uma ikhompuyutha izosetshenziselwa imisebenzi enzima yezithombe efana nemidlalo noma idizayini, kufanele kucatshangelwe ikhadi elikhethekile lezithombe. Lokhu kuzovumela ukusebenza okuphezulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukusebenza kwezithombe eziphezulu.
Isistimu yokusebenza
Uhlelo lokusebenza olufanele kakhulu kufanele lucatshangelwe ngokusekelwe kuzintandokazi zomuntu siqu kanye nezidingo zesofthiwe. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu yiWindows, macOS, kanye neLinux , ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi ezinye izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga ikhompuyutha. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele ahlole izidingo zakhe kanye nezinto azithandayo ukuze enze isinqumo esinolwazi. Kutuswa ukucwaninga nokuqhathanisa izinketho ezahlukene ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina.
Kafushane, lesi sigaba sigqamisa izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuthengwa ikhompuyutha, njengokusebenza kweprosesa, i-RAM, umthamo wokulondoloza, ikhadi lezithombe, nesistimu yokusebenza. Ngokuqonda lezi zici nokucabangela izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, abafundi bazokwazi kangcono ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi lapho bethenga ikhompuyutha.
Cabangela izinhlobo zemishini yekhompyutha
Kulesi sigaba, sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kokucabangela uhlobo lwemishini yekhompiyutha lapho uthenga. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ezitholakalayo emakethe, njengamakhompyutha edeskithophu, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-ultrabook, namathebulethi, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
Amakhompyutha wedeskithophu
Lezi izinketho ezinhle kakhulu uma udinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye namandla okucubungula. Amakhompyutha edeskithophu ngokuvamile aguquguqukayo futhi angenziwa ngezifiso, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokucushwa ngokwezifiso. Afaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini edinga amandla aphezulu ekhompyutha, njengokudlala imidlalo, ukuhlela amavidiyo, noma ukuklama izithombe.
aphathekayo
Amakhompyutha aphathekayo anikeza ukuphatheka nokuba lula. Ahlangene futhi angathwalwa kalula noma kuphi. Zilungele ukusetshenziswa ekuhambeni, kubafundi noma ochwepheshe abadinga ukusebenza besuka ezindaweni eziningi. Amakhompyutha aphathekayo atholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezicaciso namanani, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola inketho ehambisana nezabelomali ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.
Ultrabook
Ama-Ultrabooks ayinhlobonhlobo yamakhompyutha aphathekayo aklanywe ukuthi abe mancane, abe lula futhi aphatheke kalula. Zilungele ukuhamba noma lapho isisindo nokuhamba kuyizici ezibalulekile. Ama-Ultrabook anikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza nokuphatheka, futhi ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu kunamakhompuyutha aphathekayo avamile ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuzacile nezinto eziyigugu.
Amacwecwe
Amathebulethi angamadivayisi aphatheka kakhulu, alungele ukusebenzisa okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, ukufunda noma ukuphequlula i-inthanethi. Ziyifanele kangcono imisebenzi elula efana ne-imeyili, ukuphequlula iwebhu, nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza. Nokho, bangase babe nemikhawulo mayelana namandla okucubungula namandla okugcina.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lwemishini yekhompyutha evumelana kangcono nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Okukhethwa kukho kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe, isabelomali kanye nentandokazi yomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinzuzo kanye nokubi zohlobo ngalunye lwemishini futhi ucabangele imisebenzi ezokwenziwa ngemishini ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina.
Kafushane, lesi sigaba sigqamisa ukubaluleka kokucabangela uhlobo lwemishini yekhompyutha lapho uthenga. Izinketho zifaka amadeskithophu, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-ultrabook namathebulethi, ngayinye enezici zayo nokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuhlola izidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nemisebenzi ehleliwe, abafundi bazokwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nohlobo lwemishini yekhompyutha ebafanele kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nokuqhathanisa
Lesi sigaba sikhuluma ngokubaluleka kokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lomkhiqizo kanye nokuqhathanisa ngaphambi kokuthenga impahla yekhompyutha. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu futhi uthola okokusebenza okuhambisana kangcono nezidingo zakho.
Ucwaningo lomkhiqizo
Ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhompuyutha, kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo ehlukene, amamodeli kanye nokucaciswa okutholakalayo emakethe. Lokhu kungenziwa ku-inthanethi, ngokubonisana nokubuyekezwa kwabasebenzisi, ngokuvakashela izitolo ezikhethekile noma ukukhuluma nochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Ucwaningo luzokusiza ukuthi ujwayelane nezinketho ezitholakalayo futhi uqonde izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho wenza isinqumo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemikhiqizo
Uma usulwenzile ucwaningo lwakho futhi unohlu lwezinketho ongakhetha kuzo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kwezici, ukusebenza, amanani kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukene. Ukubheka ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuqhathanisa amanani nokufunda izibuyekezo ezivela kwabanye abasebenzisi kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole umbono wamandla nobuthakathaka bomkhiqizo ngamunye. Ukuqhathanisa kuzokusiza ukuthi unciphise izinketho zakho bese ukhetha okokusebenza okufanelana nezidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali.
Cabangela imibono nolwazi lwabanye abasebenzisi
Ukufunda ukubuyekezwa nemibono kwabanye abasebenzisi kungaba umthombo obalulekile wolwazi. Impendulo nolwazi oluvela kubantu asebevele basebenzise okokusebenza kunganikeza umbono ongokoqobo ekusebenzeni kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo. Ukwengeza, ungathola izincomo ezithile noma izexwayiso ezingakusiza wenze isinqumo unolwazi.
Ukulinganisa izici kanye nentengo
Lapho ucwaninga futhi uqhathanisa imikhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwezici oyifunayo kanye nesabelomali esitholakalayo. Akuwona wonke amakhompyutha anikeza ukucaciswa okufanayo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izici ezidingekayo futhi ezinganikelwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka uthole izinketho ezithengekayo ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo, kanti kwezinye izikhathi kufanelekile ukutshala imali eningi ukuze uthole ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemishini yokusebenza.
Ngokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lomkhiqizo nokuqhathanisa, abasebenzisi bazoba sesimweni esingcono sokwenza izinqumo zokuthenga benolwazi oluningi futhi bathole okokusebenza kwekhompuyutha okufanela kangcono izidingo zabo nesabelomali.
Kafushane, lesi sigaba sigqamisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo olunzulu nokuqhathaniswa komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhompuyutha. Ucwaningo luzokuvumela ukuthi uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nezinketho ezahlukene, kuyilapho ukuqhathanisa kuzokusiza ukuba unciphise izinketho bese ukhetha okokusebenza okufanele kakhulu. Ngokucabangela imibono yabanye abasebenzisi kanye nezici zokulinganisa kanye nentengo, ungenza isinqumo unolwazi futhi uthole imishini yekhompyutha efanelekile.
Nquma izidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali
Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukusiza abafundi ukuthi babone izidingo zabo ezithile mayelana nokusebenza, usayizi, umthamo wesitoreji, nezinye izici ezifanele lapho bekhetha ikhompuyutha. Kubalulekile futhi ukusetha ibhajethi engokoqobo yokuthenga.
Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuzindla ngenjongo enkulu yeqembu. Ingabe izosetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo efana nokuphequlula iwebhu nokuhlela amadokhumenti, noma izodingeka emisebenzini enzima kakhulu njengokuklama kwezithombe noma ukuhlela? Ngokuchaza lezi zidingo, abafundi bazokwazi ukuthola umbono ocacile wohlobo lwemishini ebafanele kangcono.
Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezifana nokuphatheka. Uma ikhompuyutha idinga ukuthuthwa njalo, khona-ke i-laptop noma i-ultrabook ingaba inketho engcono kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukusetshenziswa kwakho okuyinhloko kuzoba kudeskithophu, ikhompuyutha yedeskithophu ingase inikeze ukusebenza okungcono ngezindleko ezishibhile.
Isabelomali singesinye isici esibalulekile lapho ufuna okokusebenza kwekhompyutha. Kubalulekile ukusungula ububanzi bentengo obungokoqobo obuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho. Abafundi kufanele bacabangele amanani entengo yezinto ezifanayo emakethe futhi baziqhathanise ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi zithola inani elihle lemali.
Kafushane, lesi sigaba sizosiza abafundi ukuthi bacabange ngezidingo zabo ezithile futhi babeke ibhajethi engokoqobo ngaphambi kokuthenga ikhompuyutha. Kubalulekile ukuhlola kahle izidingo zakho kanye nezinsiza ezikhona ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthatha isinqumo unolwazi futhi uthola okokusebenza okufanele kakhulu.
Thola imonitha enhle
Imonitha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yekhompuyutha yakho yedeskithophu. Yilokhu okubukayo, ngakho-ke idinga ukuba nkulu ngokwanele futhi ibe nokulungiswa okuhle. Isikhathi esihle sokuphendula sizoqinisekisa ukuthi ungabona izithombe esikrinini ngaphandle kokubelesela noma ukufiphala.
Imonitha kufanele futhi ifundeke kalula ezimeni ezihlukene zokukhanyisa, njengokukhanya kwelanga noma amalambu e-fluorescent.
Thola ikhibhodi negundane elihle.
Amakhibhodi namagundane izingxenye ezibalulekile zekhompyutha yakho, kodwa uma ungasebenzisi ezifanele, kungaba nzima ukwenza noma yini.
Lapho uthenga izinto zekhompiyutha, ikhibhodi ibalulekile futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe izinto ezimbalwa:
- Umuzwa wokhiye kufanele ukhululeke futhi kube lula ukuwucindezela; Uma ziqinile kakhulu noma zixega, uzokuthola kunzima ukuzibhala.
- Isakhiwo kufanele sikhululeke ezandleni; Uma ezinye izinkinobho zingeke zifinyeleleke noma ungakhululekile ukucindezela ngesandla esisodwa (njengokhiye we-shift), cabanga enye inketho.
Okufanayo kuya kumagundane: bheka elenziwe kahle futhi kulula ukulisebenzisa ngaphandle kokulibuka njalo. Igundane elifana naleli lingase libe nezinkinobho ezengeziwe ohlangothini noma phezulu (noma zombili) ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eyengeziwe ngenkathi usebenza nomhleli wesithombe njenge-Photoshop CC.
Engeza i-RAM kukhompyutha yakho.
I-RAM, noma inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe, iwuhlobo lwesitoreji sekhompyutha esivumela izinhlelo ukuthi zisebenze futhi idatha igcinwe. Iyashesha kunama-hard drive futhi ikhompuyutha ingafinyelela kuyo ngokushesha okukhulu. Amakhompyutha amaningi esimanje afika ne-8GB noma 16GB ye-RAM efakiwe, kodwa ukwengeza okwengeziwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza.
Ukwengeza i-RAM eningi ku-PC yakho kulula uma kuqhathaniswa - okudingayo i-screwdriver (noma ezimbili) kanye nokubekezela okuthile. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nendlela yokufaka i-RAM eyengeziwe kukhompyutha yakho, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu lapha ukuze uthole imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokwakho.
Hlola izimbobo kukhompuyutha yakho.
Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele lapho uthenga imishini yekhompyutha ama-port, akuvumela ukuthi uxhume amanye amadivayisi. I-port evame kakhulu yi-USB, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amaphrinta, ama-scanner, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Uma unamadivayisi amaningi adinga ukuxhunywa ngesikhathi esisodwa (njenge-printer kanye ne-scanner), sincoma ukuthi uthenge i -hub yangaphandle ukuze ukwazi ukuwaxhuma wonke echwebeni elilodwa esikhundleni sokuwaxhuma ngawodwana echwebeni ledivayisi ngayinye.
Cabangela ukuxhumana okungenantambo.
Ukuxhumana okungenantambo kulula kakhulu, kuyashesha futhi kuvikeleke kakhulu kunoxhumo olunezintambo. Uma uzosebenzisa ikhompuyutha yakho emsebenzini noma ukuzijabulisa, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuxhumana okungenantambo.
Amanethiwekhi angenantambo nawo angakongela imali: awagcini nje ngokuqeda isidingo sezintambo ezibizayo nezixhumi ezihambisana noxhumo lwezintambo zendabuko, kodwa futhi aqeda isidingo sekhadi le-Ethernet kukhompyutha yakho, ucezu lwangaphandle lwehadiwe elikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ngaphandle kwentambo nge-Wi-Fi noma nge-Bluetooth.
Ukuthenga izinto zekhompiyutha kulula kunalokho ucabanga
Uma ufuna ikhompuyutha entsha, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele. Into yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthenga ikhompyutha evumelana nezidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali sakho. Uma uhlela ukuyisebenzisela umsebenzi wasehhovisi noma wesikole ngokuyinhloko, kungase kungabi nengqondo ukuthenga i-rig yokudlala ebizayo. Futhi cabanga ukuthi singakanani isikhala sokugcina (i-hard drive) kanye ne-RAM (inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe) izinhlelo zesofthiwe ezisebenza kulo mshini omusha zizodinga; Lezi zici zizothinta kokubili intengo nokusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ukuthenga ihadiwe kungaba nzima ngoba kunezinketho eziningi kulezi zinsuku: ideskithophu noma i-laptop? I-Windows noma i-Mac OS X? I-hybrid engu-2-in-1 phakathi kwethebhulethi ne-laptop? Uma ungaqiniseki nge-Windows, bheka umhlahlandlela mayelana namalayisense edijithali e-Windows . Kubalulekile hhayi nje ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwehadiwe olusebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa futhi nokuthi yiluphi olunikeza inani elihle kakhulu lemali ngokwezici uma kuqhathaniswa nentengo, ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo.
Amathiphu okuthenga amakhompyutha
Nawa amanye amathiphu okuthenga okokusebenza kwekhompyutha:
Nquma izidingo zakho: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusesha, cabanga ngohlobo lwemisebenzi ozobe uyenzayo ngekhompyutha. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yiziphi izici ozidingayo, njengeprosesa, inani le-RAM, isikhala sokugcina, njll.
Beka isabelomali: Chaza ukuthi uzimisele ukusebenzisa malini emishinini. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukunciphisa izinketho futhi ugxile kulezo ezifanela isabelomali sakho.
Yenza ucwaningo lwakho: Cwaninga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo namamodeli afanela izidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali sakho. Funda izibuyekezo ezivela kwabanye abathengi bese uhlola izibuyekezo eziku-inthanethi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wenza isinqumo esinolwazi.
Thenga ezitolo ezithembekile: Qiniseka ukuthi uthenga ezitolo ezithembekile nezinedumela elihle ukuze ugweme ukukhwabanisa noma izinkinga ngamawaranti kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende.
Cabanga ngamawaranti kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende: Buyekeza amawaranti anikezwa umenzi noma umthengisi, kanye nekhwalithi yensizakalo yamakhasimende uma kuba nezinkinga noma imibuzo ngemva kokuthenga.
Qhathanisa amanani: Unganeliseki ngenketho yokuqala oyitholayo. Qhathanisa amanani ezitolo ezahlukene kanye nasezinkundleni eziku-inthanethi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola intengo engcono kakhulu.
Funda imininingwane yobuchwepheshe: Qiniseka ukuthi uyayifunda futhi uyayiqonda imininingwane yobuchwepheshe uma uthenga imishini yamakhompyutha. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zakho futhi iyahambisana nesofthiwe namadivayisi ohlela ukuwasebenzisa.
Cabanga ngohlelo lokusebenza: Uma uthanda uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuthi ikhompyutha ocabanga ukuyithenga iyalusekela noma ukuthi ungalufaka kalula.
Sebenzisa amathuba okukhushulwa kanye nezaphulelo: Hlala uqaphile ukukhushulwa kanye nezaphulelo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthengisa noma imicimbi ekhethekile, ukuze uthole intengo engcono kakhulu.
Buyekeza inqubomgomo yokubuyisela impahla: Qiniseka ukuthi uyayazi inqubomgomo yokubuyisela impahla yesitolo noma yomthengisi uma kwenzeka imishini inenkinga noma ingahlangabezani nokulindela kwakho.
Ngethemba ukuthi lawa macebiso awusizo kuwe ohlelweni lwakho lokuthenga. Ngikufisela inhlanhla!
Isiphetho: Izinsiza Zekhompyutha: Amathiphu Okuthenga
Noma ngabe uthenga ikhompuyutha yakho yokuqala noma uthuthukela kwentsha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini oyidingayo ukuze uthole inani elingcono kakhulu lemali yakho. Ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwehadiwe nesoftware oludingayo kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe umshini ofanele futhi ugweme ukuchitha imali eningi kuzici ezingadingekile. Ngithemba ukuthi izincomo ezikulesi sihloko zizokusiza ukuthi uthole imishini efanelekile kuwe.
