Bash: Iyini, isebenza kanjani futhi isetshenziselwa ini

Ulwazi Lwedijithali » I-Linux » I-Bash: Iyini, isebenza kanjani nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini

I-Bash ingomunye wabatoliki bemiyalo abasetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ze-Unix neLinux. Sekuyinsika yabalawuli besistimu, abathuthukisi, nabasebenzisi bamandla abafuna ukusebenzisana namasistimu abo okusebenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi iyini i-Bash, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani ulwazi ngayo lubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wekhompyutha.

Ukufunda ukusebenzisa i-Bash akugcini nje ngokukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo, kodwa futhi kunikeza ukulawula okuphelele ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa izikripthi ezenzakalelayo . Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kanye nesakhiwo sayo kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi kuyo, kungaba ngemisebenzi elula noma ukuphathwa kweseva okuthuthukisiwe.

Uyini uBash?

I-Bash, efushanisiwe ne -Bourne Again Shell , iwumhumushi womyalo kanye nolimi lokubhala olusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-Unix, njenge-GNU/Linux kanye ne-macOS (kuze kufike ku-Catalina). Yasungulwa njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-GNU, i-Bash yadalwa nguBrian Fox ngo-1989 njengokuthuthukiswa kwegobolondo lokuqala le-Bourne.

Lo mhumushi womyalo uvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise imiyalelo yomugqa womyalo , benze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo besebenzisa izikripthi, futhi baphathe amafayela esistimu, izinqubo, kanye nezinsiza ngendlela efanele.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuphathwa kwamafayela, ungahlola kabanzi mayelana nezinhlelo zamafayela ze-ext4 , ezifanele ezindaweni ze-Linux.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-Bash

• Isixhumi esibonakalayo somugqa womyalo: Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafake imiyalo futhi bathole izimpendulo ngokushesha.
• Ulimi lokubhala: I-Bash ikuvumela ukuthi ubhale imibhalo ukuze wenze imisebenzi nezinqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Ukuhambisana kwe-POSIX: Nakuba ihlanganisa nezandiso zayo, i-Bash ihambisana namazinga e-POSIX.
• Umlando womyalo: Ikuvumela ukuthi uphinde futhi uguqule imiyalo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini.
• Ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela: Kwenza imiyalo yokubhala ibe lula ngokuphakamisa amagama efayela nawemibhalo.

Isebenza kanjani i-Bash

Uma umsebenzisi efaka umyalo ku-terminal, i-Bash iyawuhumusha futhi iwusebenzise ngokusebenzisana nesistimu yokusebenza. Imiyalo ingenziwa ngayinye noma ndawonye ngezikripthi , okuvumela ukuzenzekela kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Bash iphinde ivumele ukuphathwa kwamafayela , ukwenziwa kwenqubo yangemuva, ukuqondisa kabusha okufakwayo/okukhiphayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinguquko nemisebenzi yokuguquguquka okukhulu ekuphathweni kwesistimu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Bash kungagcwaliswa ulwazi lokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle umyalo we-CMD kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Imiyalo ye-Bash Eyisisekelo

Ukuqala ukusebenza ne-Bash, kubalulekile ukwazi imiyalo yayo eyisisekelo:

• ls: Faka ohlwini amafayela nezinkomba.
• I-CD: Shintsha uhla lwemibhalo.
• pwd: Ibonisa indlela yohlu lwamanje.
• mkdir: Dala uhla lwemibhalo olusha.
• rm: Susa amafayela noma izinkomba.
• cp: Kopisha amafayela noma izinkomba.
• mv: Hambisa noma uqambe kabusha amafayela nezinkomba.
• ikati: Ibonisa okuqukethwe kwefayela.
• waphonswa ngaphandle: Iphrinta umlayezo noma inani lokuguquguquka.
• i-grep: Sesha umbhalo ngaphakathi kwamafayela.

Le miyalo ibalulekile ukuze uqale ukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Bash nokwenza kube lula ukuphatha amafayela akho nezinkomba.

Kuwusizo futhi ukuqonda ukuthi i -Cron task scheduler isebenza kanjani , engasetshenziswa kanye nezikripthi ze-Bash.

Isingeniso se-Bash Scripting

Iskripthi se-Bash ifayela lombhalo eliqukethe uchungechunge lwemiyalo eyenziwa ngokulandelana. Lezi skripthi zikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo , unciphise amaphutha enziwe ngesandla, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kohlelo .

Ukudala iskripthi se-Bash:

Ukuze udale iskripthi, landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Vula isihleli sombhalo bese ubhala umbhalo.
2. Londoloza ifayela ngesandiso .sh. Isibonelo: mi_script.sh
3. Nikeza sebenzisa izimvume ngomyalo chmod +x mi_script.sh
4. Qalisa iskripthi nge ./mi_script.sh

Isibonelo seskripthi se-Bash:

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hola, mundo!"

Ukusebenzisa Okuguquguqukayo ku-Bash

Izinguquko ku-Bash zikuvumela ukuthi ugcine amanani futhi uwasebenzise kabusha ngaphakathi kwesikripthi.

Isibonelo:

#!/bin/bash
nombre="Carlos"
echo "Hola, $nombre!"

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuguquguquka ku-Bash:

• Okuguquguqukayo komhlaba wonke: Itholakala ngohlelo lonke.
• Okuguquguqukayo Kwasendaweni: Zifinyeleleka kuphela kusikripthi ezichazwe kuso.

Kulabo abanesifiso sokujula ekuhleleni izinhlelo, ukufunda ngolimi lwe-C kuyindlela enhle kakhulu, njengoba imiqondo eminingi ye-Bash iyasebenza lapho.

Ukulawula ukugeleza ku-Bash

Izikripthi ze-Bash zingafaka izinqumo ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zokulawula ukugeleza njengezimiso kanye nama-loop.

Imibandela

Bavumela amabhlogo wekhodi ukuthi asetshenziswe ngokusekelwe esimweni.

#!/bin/bash
echo "Introduce un número:"
read num
if [ $num -gt 10 ]; then
  echo "El número es mayor que 10."
else
  echo "El número es menor o igual a 10."
fi

Izihibe

Bavumela ibhulokhi yekhodi ukuthi yenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Okweluphu:

#!/bin/bash
for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do
  echo "Número: $i"
done

Ngenkathi iluphu:

#!/bin/bash
count=1
while [ $count -le 5 ]
do
  echo "Iteración: $count"
  ((count++))
done

Ukwakha amaluphu nezimo kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemibhalo ye-Bash, iyenze ibe namandla futhi isebenze kahle.

Njengoba ujula ku-Bash, ungase ufune nokufunda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle i-bzip , ithuluzi eliwusizo lokucindezela amafayela ezinhlelweni ze-Linux.

Umsebenzi ozenzakalelayo nge-Bash

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zeBash yikhono lokuhlela ukwenziwa kwezikripthi usebenzisa i-cron jobs.

Isibonelo somsebenzi we-Cron:

30 2 * * * /home/usuario/backup.sh

Lolu hlelo luzosebenzisa iskripthi backup.sh nsuku zonke ngo-2:30 AM.

I-Bash iyithuluzi eliyisisekelo ekuphathweni kwezinhlelo, i-task automation kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. Ukuvumelana nezimo namandla ayo kuyenza ibe inketho ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ofuna ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwakhe komsebenzi ezindaweni ze-Unix ne-Linux. Ngolwazi oluzuzwe kulesi sihloko, ungaqala ukusebenzisa i-Bash ngokuphumelelayo futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla ayo ekuphathweni kwesistimu.