Indlela yokuxhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Indlela yokuxhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma ulahlekelwa ukumbozwa kwe-WiFi emakamelweni athile ekhaya noma ehhovisi, noma ungasenazo izimbobo zenethiwekhi zamahhala, cishe uke wacabanga Indlela yokuxhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izintoIzindaba ezinhle ukuthi kungenziwa, kuyaguquguquka impela, futhi ngokuhlela okuncane, kungenza inethiwekhi yakho izinze kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi sizobona ngokuningiliziwe zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa i-router eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ku-connection efanayoOkudingayo, imiphi imikhawulo ekhona, ukuthi ungayihlela kanjani igxathu negxathu, ukuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele uma imishini indala, ukuthi ungazigwema kanjani izinkinga zokusebenza (i-NAT ephindwe kabili, ama-IP aphindaphindiwe, ukuphazamiseka kwe-WiFi…) nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezilula ezikhona uma ungafuni ukuxinwa yimininingwane.

Ingabe kunengqondo ukusebenzisa ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubeka izintambo sengathi akukho kusasa, kufanelekile ukuzibuza ukuthi Udinga ngempela ama-router amabili axhunywe ngesikhathi esisodwaEmakhaya amaningi ajwayelekile, i-router eyodwa, ebekwe kahle noma i-Wi-Fi repeater esezingeni eliphezulu inganele. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningana lapho ukwengeza idivayisi yesibili kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu.

Isibonelo, uma Isignali ye-WiFi ayifinyeleli ezindaweni ezithile futhi kuvela "izindawo ezifile".lapho ukumbozwa kuncane noma kungekho khona. Futhi, uma i-router yakho eyinhloko isivele inazo zonke izimbobo zayo ze-LAN ezisetshenziswayo futhi ufuna ukwengeza amadivayisi amasha anezintambo (ama-desktop PC, ama-Smart TV, ama-game consoles, i-NAS, njll.). Noma uma udinga hlukanisa inethiwekhi kwezivakashi, i-IoT noma umsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuyixuba nenethiwekhi yakho yomuntu siqu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo lapho ezinye izinketho (ama-repeater ashibhile, ama-PLC asezingeni eliphansi, uhlelo oluthile lwe-mesh olubuthakathaka) lunganikezi ukuzinza okufunayo futhi Awunalo elinye inketho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-router yesibili Ilungiselelwe kahle ngekhebula. Nakuba umhlinzeki wakho evumela i-router eyodwa kuphela exhunywe kwi-ONT noma isokhethi ye-fiber optic, ungaxhuma ama-router engeziwe ngemuva kweyokuqala.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukukucacisa lokho Awukwazi ukuxhuma ama-router amabili ngqo emgqeni wefayibha ofanayo noma i-ONT efanayo Njengokungathi akukho lutho olungalungile. Umhlinzeki we-inthanethi ulindele i-router eyodwa kuphela "ebheke ku-inthanethi." Okunye kuzodingeka kuxhunywe kweyokuqala nge-Ethernet (i-LAN kuya ku-LAN noma i-LAN kuya ku-WAN) noma, kwezinye izimo, nge-Wi-Fi uma besekela i-WDS noma imodi yokuphindaphinda.

Amadivayisi ongawasebenzisa ukwandisa inethiwekhi

Ukuze uthuthukise ukumbozwa nokwengeza ama-port, akudingeki uthenge i-router entsha nebizayo. Ngokuvamile ungakwazi sebenzisa kabusha ihadiwe osuvele unayo ekhaya noma uyihlanganise namanye amadivayisi enethiwekhi.

Okokuqala, ungasebenzisa i- i-router endala ye-ADSL njenge-router yesibiliIningi lingalungiswa njengendawo yokufinyelela noma, okungenani, njenge-"switch + WiFi" uma ukhubaza i-DHCP bese uyixhuma kudivayisi eyinhloko nge-LAN. Inkinga ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zikhawulelwe ku-Fast Ethernet, okusho ukuthi Isivinini esiphezulu se-100 Mbps ku-LAN, okuzokhawulela yonke inethiwekhi elenga kuyo.

Enye indlela evamile ukusebenzisa i-router yefayibha yesimanje njengengxenye yesibili yemishiniLokhu kuvame ukufaka amachweba e-Gigabit Ethernet, ukuze ukwazi sebenzisa ukuxhumana okufika ku-1 Gbps phakathi kwamadivayisi akho kanye ne-inthanethi, uma nje uhlelo lwakho lwedatha lukuvumela. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu uma uzohambisa idatha eningi (ukusakaza kwe-4K, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, ama-backup, i-NAS, njll.).

Ungakwazi futhi ukudonsa kusuka Ama-adaptha we-PLC Uma ungafuni noma ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ikhebula elide le-Ethernet phakathi kwama-router, esikhundleni sekhebula lenethiwekhi eliqondile, uxhuma i-PLC ku-router eyinhloko kanye nelinye ku-router yesibili, bese Idatha ihamba ngezintambo zikagesi zendlu yakho.Kubalulekile lapha ukuthi ama-PLC asekele isivinini esifanelana nokuxhumeka kwakho ukuze agweme ukudala izithiyo.

Iyiphi i-router engcono kakhulu njenge-router yesibili?

I-router yesibili akudingeki ibe yimodeli ekhethekile noma ephezulu kakhulu; Cishe noma iyiphi i-router ejwayelekile ingasebenza njenge-router yesibili. Inikeza izinketho zokucushwa ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezibalulekile.

Ama-router amaningi anemodi ethile Indawo Yokungena noma IbhulohoKulezi zindlela, i-router ikhubaza izici ezifana ne-NAT kanye neseva ye-DHCP futhi isebenza njengeswishi ye-WiFi: imane idlulisele ithrafikhi ku-router eyinhloko. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kuyindlela ehlanzekile nelula kakhulu..

Uma i-router yakho endala ingenayo imodi ye-AP, ngokuvamile ungakwazi Lingisa lokhu kuziphatha ngokukhubaza i-DHCP yayo bese uxhuma imbobo ye-LAN ku-LAN ye-router eyinhloko.Uma kunjalo, i-IP yangaphakathi izophathwa ngaso sonke isikhathi yi-router yokuqala, kanti i-router yesibili izokwandisa amachweba ne-WiFi kuphela.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-router yesibili indala kakhulu, ingase ingabi khona izici zokuphepha zesimanje (ukubethela kwe-WPA2/WPA3, i-firewall enhle, izibuyekezo zakamuva ze-firmware)Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi amaningi amadala awadluli ku-100 Mbps noma awanamandla okusingatha ukuxhumana okuningi ngasikhathi sinye, ukusakaza kwekhwalithi ephezulu, noma imidlalo eku-inthanethi edinga amandla.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-router ashibhile emakethe asevele elungele ukusetshenziswa. sekela isivinini sefayibha esijwayelekilenge-WiFi enamabhendi amabili, i-MU-MIMO, i-WiFi 5 noma i-WiFi 6, njll. Ngokuvamile kufanelekile ukutshala imali encane kuyo ihadiwe yekhwalithi ukugwema ukuphahlazeka okuqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza, noma isikhathi esifushane sokuphila.

Izici ezibalulekile zokusebenza uma usebenzisa ama-router amabili

Uma unquma ukusetha i-router engaphezu kweyodwa kunethiwekhi efanayo, akwanele ukumane uyixhume bese kuphelile; kunezici eziningana zobuchwepheshe ezithinta ngqo i- ukusebenza, ukuzinza kanye nokubambezeleka uxhumano.

Esokuqala yilesi esidumile kabili NATLokhu kwenzeka lapho i-router ngayinye yenza umsebenzi wayo wokuhumusha ikheli lenethiwekhi (i-NAT) kanye ne-DHCP, okuholela kunethiwekhi enezingqimba: inethiwekhi eyodwa ngemuva kwenye. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ngemidlalo eku-inthanethi, izinsizakalo ze-P2P, amaseva asekhaya, noma ukudluliselwa kwe-port.Okungcono kakhulu, lokhu kufanele kugwenywe ngokuhlela i-router yesibili kumodi yebhuloho noma ye-access point, noma ngokusethwa kwe-LAN-to-LAN nge-DHCP ekhutshaziwe ku-router yesibili.

Enye inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi uyihlela kanjani Amanethiwekhi e-WiFi (i-SSID) neziteshiUma usebenzisa igama elifanayo lenethiwekhi kanye nephasiwedi kuzo zombili izithutha, amadivayisi azokwazi ukushintsha phakathi kwazo kalula njengoba uhambahamba endlini. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi Iziteshi azihlangani ebhendini elifanayoNoma ungavumela ama-router ukuthi akhethe ngokuzenzakalelayo isiteshi esingenamijini eminingi ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka.

La indawo ebonakalayo ye-router ngayinye Lokho nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uzihlanganisa eduze kakhulu, izimpawu zazo ze-WiFi zizohlangana futhi ziphazamisane. Uma uzigcina ziqhelelene ngokwanele futhi uzibeke ezindaweni ezivulekile, uzothola imiphumela engcono. ukumbozwa okufanayo kakhulu kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncaneZama ukungazifaki emakhabetheni avaliwe noma odongeni olujiyile noma ensimbini.

Okokugcina, i-router ngayinye kumele ibe kulungiselelwe kahle futhi kubuyekezwe: i-firmware isesikhathini, imithetho ye-firewall efanelekile, i-bandwidth kanye ne-QoS kulungiswe kahle uma uyisebenzisa, kukhubaza izici ongazidingi ukuze ugweme ukulayisha ngokweqile imishini.

Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Uma Uzosebenzisa I-Router Edala

Ukusebenzisa kabusha leyo router oyikhohliwe edroweni kuyakhanga, kodwa ngaphambi kokuyifaka kunethiwekhi, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukufaka isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esehlisa izinga lokuphepha noma ukusebenza.

Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi umenzi usanikeza yini ukuvuselelwa kwe-firmware yaleyo modeli noma uma ihambisana nayo ezinye firmwares njenge-OpenWrt noma i-DD-WRT. I-firmware yesimanje ingakwazi lungisa amaphutha okuphepha, uthuthukise ukuzinza futhi wengeze izici njengama-VPN, amanethiwekhi ezivakashi, noma ukuphathwa okungcono kwe-bandwidth.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ushintshe ngokushesha amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayoLokhu kufaka phakathi ukufinyelela kokubili iphaneli yokulawula ye-router kanye namanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi asakazwayo. Ngisho noma kuyidivayisi yesibili, uma othile ethola ukufinyelela ngayo, angafaka engcupheni inethiwekhi yakho yonke.

Uma ungadingi ukufinyelela i-router ungaphandle kwekhaya lakho, khubaza i- ukufinyelela okukude ku-interface yokuphathaAmamodeli amaningi amadala anezinsizakalo ezingaphephile ezivezwe ku-inthanethi futhi kulula ukuwahlasela ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-firmware yakho, qiniseka ukuthi unayo izinketho zokuphepha eziqine kakhulu ziyasebenza: I-WPA2 noma i-WPA3 ku-WiFi, i-firewall isesimweni esihle, khubaza izinsizakalo ongazisebenzisi (i-WPS, i-UPnP uma ungayidingi, amaseva angadingekile, njll.).

Futhi njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma uzokwenza imisebenzi ebucayi njengezinkokhelo eziku-inthanethi noma ukuphathwa kwedatha ebucayiKungcono ukwenza lokhu kuxhunywe ku-router eyinhloko yamanje nenakekelwa kahle, hhayi idivayisi endala nengasekelwayo engase ibe nobuthakathaka obungalungiswanga.

Hlaziya izidingo zakho ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uphuthume uyothenga ama-router, ama-PLC, noma amamitha ekhebula, kufanelekile ukuthatha isikhashana... Qonda ukuthi kungani inethiwekhi yakho yamanje ingasebenzi ngendlela efanele.Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga iyindawo, ngezinye izikhathi ukugcwala kwe-WiFi, kanti ngezinye izikhathi i-router yomqhubi ilinganiselwe kakhulu.

Cabanga ngokuthi lokho okukuhluphayo kungokuyinhloko yini ukumbozwa okungenantambo (izindawo lapho isignali ingafiki khona), uma kungenjalo isivinini sangempela (awusebenzisi ngokugcwele isivinini sakho se-fiber optic), uma untula Izimbobo ze-LAN noma uma ufuna amanethiwekhi ahlukene (umsebenzi, izivakashi, ukuzenzekela kwekhaya). Kufana nokuzibuza ukuthi udinga isibani esisha noma isibani esisha nje.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukumane uhambise i-router eyinhloko endaweni ephakathi, uphakamise ukuphakama kwayo, noma ukusebenzisa i- I-booster yesignali ye-WiFiUsuvele uthole amamitha amaningana okumbozwa okuhle kwe-WiFi. Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo lwesimanje lwe-WiFi Mesh lungaxazulula inkinga ngobunzima obuncane kunokulwa nama-router amaningi avamile.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi uma ugcina uchithe ama-router amabili noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokucushwa okufanele, Ungenza isipiliyoni sibe sibi kakhulu.: ukunqanyulwa, i-NAT ephindwe kabili, amadivayisi angakwazi ukubonana, i-WiFi engazinzile… Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela indawo yokuqala nokukhetha ikhambi elifanelana kahle necala lakho elithile.

Hlela ukufakwa kanye nokufakwa kwezintambo

Uma usunqume ukwengeza i-router yesibili, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlela ukuthi uzoyixhuma kanjani ngokomzimba. Indlela ezinzile kakhulu, esheshayo, nenconywayo... Xhuma womabili ama-router ngekhebula le-Ethernetnoma ngabe kuhilela ukusebenzisa amamitha ekhebula endlini.

Uma ikhaya lakho linayo imigudu yekhebula yangaphakathiOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele uzisebenzise. Kuzodingeka ubale umzila wekhebula ukuze uthenge ubude obufanele bese uthola obufanele. Izixhumi ze-RJ45 kanye nethuluzi lokugoqa Ukuze uqedele izintambo kahle, umshini wokudonsa izintambo uyithuluzi elihle lokufaka intambo ezindleleni ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Uma ungenawo amapayipi atholakalayo, ungakwazi namathisela ikhebula odongeni noma usebenzise i-trunking yekhebulaKulokhu, kuyalulekwa futhi ukukala ngokucophelela ibanga phakathi kwama-router amakhulu nawesibili, uhlale ushiya amasentimitha ambalwa omkhawulo ekugcineni ngakunye ukuze ngikwazi ukuhambisa imishini ngaphandle kokuba ikhebula liqine.

Icebo eliyisisekelo: kungcono ukuba nekhebula elincane elengeziwe kunokunganeli. Uma ulishiya lifushane kakhulu, noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwendawo noma ukuphathwa okulula kungaba yinkinga. ukucindezela izixhumi ze-RJ45 nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila sokufakwa.

Isivinini, ukuhambisana, kanye nekhadi lenethiwekhi

Esinye isici esibalulekile isivinini esiphezulu esisekelwa yi-router yakho kanye namadivayisi azoxhuma. I-router endala ye-ADSL enamachweba e-Fast Ethernet Izohlala ku-100 Mbps ku-LAN; uma i-fiber yakho ingu-300, 600 noma 1.000 Mbps, Leyo ngxenye yenethiwekhi izokhutshazwa.

Esikhundleni salokho, i Ama-router e-fiber optic esimanje ngokuvamile anikeza amachweba e-Gigabit EthernetUma uhlelo lwakho lufinyelela ku-1 Gbps futhi uxhuma idivayisi yesibili ngama-port e-gigabit kanye nekhebula elihle, ungasebenzisa ngokugcwele isivinini esitholakalayo, kokubili kwi-inthanethi kanye nethrafikhi yangaphakathi phakathi kwamadivayisi.

Qiniseka futhi ukuthi Izindinganiso ze-WiFi Womabili ama-router ayahambisana

Kumakhompyutha edeskithophu nawama-laptop, hlola ukuthi yini ikhadi lenethiwekhi ye-ethernet Bayakwenza. I-Gigabit Ethernet ibilokhu iyinqubo evamile iminyaka eminingi, kodwa akukubi neze ukuhlola i-Device Manager noma izakhiwo ze-adaptha. Uma ikhadi lakho lisebenza kuphela ku-100 Mbps, akusizi ngalutho ukuba ne-Gigabit router kanye nekhebula. Ungafaka njalo i-adaptha yenethiwekhi ye-USB uma ikhompyutha yakho indala noma ingenayo i-port ye-RJ45 ebonakalayo.

Iyiphi ikhebula lenethiwekhi okufanele lisetshenziswe phakathi kwama-router

Ikhebula olisebenzisayo ukuxhuma ama-router noma ama-PC, ama-adapter e-powerline, kanye neminye imishini ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka. Isigaba ngasinye sibonisa isivinini esiphezulu kanye nemvamisa engakwazi ukusingatha.

Kwemishini noma amanethiwekhi amadala angeke adlule i-100 Mbps, ikhebula le-CAT5 eliyisisekelo lingasebenzaKodwa uma ufuna ukusizakala nge-router ye-fiber optic namakhompyutha esimanje, kunconywa ukuthi uye okungenani ku- I-CAT5E noma i-CAT6okukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ku-1 Gbps ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Ikhebula elingaphansi kwe-CAT5E likhawulela isivinini ku- Umkhawulo ophezulu we-100 MbpsUkuqala nge-CAT5E usuvele ufinyelela ku-1 Gbps futhi, ngezigaba eziphakeme (CAT6A, CAT7), ngisho ne-10 Gbps emabangeni aphakathi, ngaphezu kokumelana kangcono nomsindo nokuphazamiseka.

Inzuzo enkulu yokuxhuma ama-router amabili ngentambo ye-Ethernet Inzuzo ngaphezu kokukwenza nge-WiFi ukuthi ungasebenzisa cishe yonke i-bandwidth yokuxhumeka kwakho, ngokubambezeleka okuncane kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuvamile kwe-wireless medium.

Izindleko, isabelomali kanye nezinye izindlela ezilula

Ngaphambi kokuphuthuma esitolo ukuyothenga i-router esezingeni eliphezulu, cabanga ngokucophelela ngesabelomali sakho kanye nalokho okudingayo ngempela. Akunangqondo. thenga i-router enkulu kakhulu uma ungeke usebenzise izici zayo ezithuthukisiwe noma amandla ayo.

Qhathanisa amamodeli avela kumikhiqizo ehlukene, hlola ukuthi anawo yini imodi yephoyinti lokufinyelela, amachweba e-gigabit, i-WiFi yamabhendi amabili, kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kwe-firmwareFuthi lungisa ukuthenga kwakho ngokwezidingo zakho zangempela. Ngezinye izikhathi imodeli ekhethwe kahle ephakathi kuya kwephansi ingaphezu kokwanele.

Uma usesha kuphela yandisa ukumbozwa kwe-WiFi kancane ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu inethiwekhi.Mhlawumbe i-WiFi repeater enhle noma ama-adapter ambalwa kagesi ane-WiFi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kungaba inketho engcono. Isimo ngasinye sihlukile; uma ungaqiniseki, ukucela iseluleko kothile onolwazi kungakusiza ukonge imali kanye nezinkinga.

Kukhona futhi inketho ye ukubuyekeza i-firmware ye-router endala ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuphepha. Ama-firmware ezinkampani zangaphandle njenge-OpenWrt noma i-DD-WRT ahlinzeka ngezici ezengeziwe (i-VPN, i-QoS ethuthukisiwe, amanethiwekhi ezivakashi, ukulawula okungcono kwetafula lokuhambisa, njll.), kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi Bangawuvala iwaranti futhi badinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ukuze uzilungiselele kahle.

Uhlelo lokuxhuma olujwayelekile: i-router eyinhloko kanye ne-router yesibili

Ezindaweni eziningi zokufakelwa zasekhaya, uzoba ne- i-router eyinhloko exhunywe ku-fiber noma ku-ADSL (ngokuqondile ku-ONT noma kuhlanganisiwe) kanye nenye noma ngaphezulu ama-router esibili axhunywe ngekhebula ukwandisa amachweba kanye nokumbozwa kwawo.

Sizokwabela i-router eyinhloko i- IP yangaphakathi njengoba 192.168.1.1 Futhi sizoshiya iseva yayo ye-DHCP inikwe amandla okunikeza amakheli kuwo wonke amadivayisi, isibonelo, kusukela ku-192.168.1.3 kuya phambili. Inesibopho sokufinyelela i-inthanethi, ukuphatha i-NAT, i-firewall, nakho konke okunye.

I-router yesibili izoba nekheli le-IP elingaguquki kunethiwekhi efanayo, isibonelo 192.168.1.2, kodwa ngaphandle kobubanzi be-DHCP obusabalalisa oyinhlokoKule router yesibili, sizokhubaza iseva ye-DHCP ukuze sigweme ukungqubuzana, futhi wonke amadivayisi axhunywe kuyo azothola ukucushwa kwe-IP kanye nenethiwekhi ngqo kusuka ku-router eyinhloko.

Ukusetha okungenzeka kungaba: i-router eyinhloko 192.168.1.1, i-router yesibili 192.168.1.2, i-PC1 ene-IP 192.168.1.3 exhunywe kweyokuqala, kanye ne-PC2 ene-IP 192.168.1.4 exhunywe kweyesibili. Ngakho-ke, Bonke bahlala ku-subnet efanayo futhi bangabonana ngaphandle kwenkinga..

Ukubekwa kahle kwekhebula kanye nembobo

Ukusetha okungokoqobo kulula kunalokho okubonakala, kodwa konke kudinga ukuxhunywa endaweni yako efanele. I-router eyinhloko ixhuma ku isokhethi yocingo noma i-fiber optic ONT: kungaba ngekhebula le-RJ11 (ADSL) noma i-RJ45 (i-fiber kuya ku-WAN noma i-LAN port elungiselelwe njenge-WAN).

Ukusuka lapho, ukuze uxhume ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo eqinile, inketho evamile ukusebenzisa i- Uxhumano lwe-LAN kuya ku-LANNgamanye amazwi, usebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet kusuka echwebeni le-LAN ku-router eyinhloko uye kwelinye lamachweba e-LAN ku-router yesibili, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa okokufaka kwe-WAN kwedivayisi yesibili.

Bese uxhuma ama-PC akho neminye imishini nganoma iyiphi indlela ekufanele kakhulu: I-PC1 iye ku-router eyinhloko nge-LANI-PC2 iye ku-router yesibili, i-Smart TV kunoma iyiphi yazo, njll. Uma nje zonke zisebangeni elifanayo le-IP futhi i-DHCP ye-main isebenza, izosebenza njengenethiwekhi eyodwa.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma i-fiber router yakho isebenzisa i-LAN port ethile njenge-WAN port yayo (isibonelo, i-LAN1), kuzodingeka usebenzise leyo port ukuxhuma i-ONT. Ama-LAN port asele amahhala kumakhebula ku-router yesibili noma kumadivayisi akho.

Ukucushwa kwama-router ayinhloko nawesibili

Kusukela ku-PC exhunywe ku-router eyinhloko, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthola ukuthi I-IP yesangoKu-Windows ungavula i-CMD bese uqalisa ipconfig / konke ukubona ukuthi yiliphi ikheli elivela njengesango elizenzakalelayo (ngokuvamile 192.168.1.1 noma 192.168.0.1).

Ku-router eyinhloko, ezosebenza kakade uma uphequlula i-inthanethi, uzoqinisa indima yayo njenge- i-router engathathi hlangothi ekucushweni kwabasebenzisi abaningiIseva ye-DHCP ivuliwe, i-NAT kanye ne-firewall ziyasebenza, futhi, uma ufuna, ungachaza ububanzi bama-IP azowasabalalisa ukuze ushiye amanye amakheli ahleliwe mahhala kuma-router kanye nemishini ekhethekile.

Ku-router yesibili, izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zihlala zifana: susa imithetho yokuqondisa kabusha imbobo endala okungase kubangele izinkinga, shintsha i-LAN IP yabo ibe yi-static ebangeni elifanayo nele-main (isibonelo, 192.168.1.2) kanye khubaza iseva ye-DHCP ukuze ingancintisani ne-router eyinhloko.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uma ufuna ukufinyelela iphaneli yokulawula ye-router yesibili, kuzodingeka wenze kanjalo usebenzisa ikheli layo elisha le-IP (isibonelo, 192.168.1.2). Ukusuka lapho, ungaphatha i-Wi-Fi yayo, ushintshe amaphasiwedi, ubuyekeze i-firmware, njll., kodwa inethiwekhi yangaphakathi izoqhubeka nokulawulwa yi-router enikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi.

Ngokuphathelene ne-WiFi, umkhuba omuhle ukubeka igama elifanayo lenethiwekhi kanye nephasiwedi efanayo kuzo zombili izithuthaNgale ndlela, amadivayisi akho azoshintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yokufinyelela enesignali engcono kakhulu njengoba uhamba. Uma wenza lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi iziteshi zedivayisi ngayinye azihlangani ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka.

Ukucushwa kwe-PC kanye nokudluliselwa kwembobo

Ezimweni eziningi ngeke kudingeke uthinte noma yini kumakhompyutha: uma nje enendawo yokunikeza ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo, Bazothola ukucushwa kwabo kwe-DHCP kusuka ku-router eyinhloko. Futhi yilokho kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ukuvula ama-port e-PC ethile, ngokuvamile kungcono ukuyinika ikheli le-IP elingaguquki.

Ku-Windows 10 noma 11 ungaya kuzakhiwo ze-adaptha yenethiwekhi, faka I-Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP / IPv4) bese usetha ikheli le-IP, imaski (ngokuvamile i-255.255.255.0), isango (i-IP ye-router eyinhloko) kanye ne-DNS (lezi kungaba ze-opharetha noma izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezifana ne-Google, i-Cloudflare noma i-Quad9).

Uma kunezi-router ezimbili noma ngaphezulu eziboshwe ndawonye ezenza i-NAT, Ukudlulisela imbobo kuba nzima kakhuluNgoba kufanele uvule imbobo ku-router eyinhloko uye ku-router yesibili futhi usuke ku-router yesibili uye ku-PC, noma usebenzise i-UPnP kuyo yonke iketanga, okuyinto engasebenzi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi enganconywa ngezizathu zokuphepha.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze izinsizakalo ezidinga ama-port avulekile (amaseva, imidlalo, ukufinyelela okukude, njll.) zisebenze kahle, kungcono Gwema i-NAT ephindwe kabili bese ulungiselela i-router yesibili njenge-AP.noma sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-LAN-to-LAN ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imbobo yalo ye-WAN. Ngale ndlela, kunephuzu elilodwa kuphela lapho kuphathwa khona ukuqondisa kabusha: i-router eyinhloko.

Xhuma ama-router amabili nge-WiFi (imodi yokuphindaphinda / i-WDS)

Kungenzeka futhi ukuxhumanisa ama-router ngaphandle kwentambo, ngaphandle kwentambo ye-Ethernetkusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezifana ne-WDS (Wireless Distribution System) noma imodi yokuphindaphinda enikezwa amanye amamodeli. Kodwa-ke, lesi sixazululo sivame ukuba naso ukusebenza okubi kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe, kanye nokubambezeleka okuphezulu kunesixhumanisi sekhebula.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi i-router yakho yesibili iyayisekela yini. imodi yokuphindaphinda engenantambo, i-WDS noma efanayoAkuwona wonke amadivayisi afaka lokhu, futhi ama-router amaningi amadala e-ADSL awahambisani phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene.

Uma ikusekela, kuzodingeka uqoqe ulwazi kusuka ku-router yakho eyinhloko: I-SSID (igama lenethiwekhi), uhlobo lokubethela, kanye nephasiwediKunconywa futhi ukusetha kabusha idivayisi yesibili kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri ukuze ugweme ukudlulisa ukucushwa okudala okungadala izinkinga.

Uma usungene ku-interface yayo yewebhu (nge-WiFi noma i-Ethernet), uzofuna inketho yokwenza kanjalo. imodi yokuphindaphinda noma i-WDSUzoskena amanethiwekhi, ukhethe inethiwekhi ye-router eyinhloko, ufake iphasiwedi, bese ulondoloza izilungiselelo. Uma uthanda, ungashiya i-SSID njengoba injalo noma ufake ehlukile, njenge-"NetworkName_EXT".

Indawo ibalulekile: i-repeater router kumele ibekwe endaweni lapho Ngisathola isignali enhle evela ku-antenna eyinhloko, kodwa ngiseduze nendawo embozwe kabi.Uma uyibeka kahle endaweni "efile", ngeke ibe nesignali eyanele yokuphinda.

Naphezu kwakho konke, noma ngabe kulungiswe kahle, i-WiFi repeater ivame ukunikeza ingxenye ye-bandwidth esebenzayo Futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zesivinini kunokuxhumeka okunentambo. Yingakho, uma ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet noma ukusebenzisa i-adaptha ye-powerline esezingeni eliphezulu, ulwazi luvame ukuba ngcono kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zokuxhuma ama-router amabili ahlelwe kahle

Uma konke kwenziwa ngokuhlakanipha, ukuxhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo kuyanikeza izinzuzo ezicacile kokubili ekumbozweni nasekuguquguqukeniInzuzo esobala kakhulu yikhono lokumboza amakamelo nge-WiFi lapho isignali yayingafiki khona ngaphambili, kususwe izindawo ezifile futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza.

Futhi ikuvumela hlukanisa inethiwekhiUnganikezela i-router eyodwa noma i-subnet kuzivakashi, enye kumadivayisi e-IoT (ama-bulb okukhanya, ama-plug, amakhamera, njll.), futhi ugcine inethiwekhi yakho eyinhloko ihlanzekile futhi iphephile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa imithetho ethile yomlilo futhi kukhawulelwe lokho okubonwa yiqembu ngalinye lamadivayisi.

Uma ukhetha imishini efanele kanye nokucushwa, uzokwazi lungiselela ukwabiwa komkhawulokudonsaukubeka phambili ithrafikhi ebalulekile (ukusebenza ngocingo, imihlangano yevidiyo, imidlalo) kunokulanda kwesibili. Ama-router amaningi anamuhla anikeza i-QoS ethuthukisiwe kulokhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthola ukuguquguquka ngokomzimba: i-router yesibili ingasebenza njenge iswishi ye-LAN enamachweba amaningi kwelinye ikamelo, futhi ngenkathi usesekusebenzeni, engeza indawo entsha yokufinyelela ye-WiFi enamandla kuleyo ndawo. Emakhaya amakhulu noma anezitezi eziningi, kwenza umehluko omkhulu.

Konke lokhu kusetha kuthatha isikhathi esithile, kodwa uma sekulungisiwe futhi kwahlolwa, Ungajabulela inethiwekhi ezinzile, esheshayo, nehlelekile kahlengisho nasemakhaya anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi noma anamadivayisi amaningi axhunyiwe.

Ekugcineni, uma ukhetha i-router yesibili ngokuhlakanipha (noma uyisebenzise kabusha endala ngokuhlakanipha), uhlele izintambo kancane, futhi ugweme amaphutha ajwayelekile njengokungqubuzana kwe-NAT noma i-IP kabili, ukuxhuma ama-router amabili kunethiwekhi efanayo kuba yisisombululo esinamandla kakhulu sokuthuthukisa i-inthanethi yakho yasekhaya ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuphelele ukufakwa komhlinzeki.